Gender Differences Relating to Metabolic Syndrome and Proinflammation in Finnish Subjects with Elevated Blood Pressure by Tiina Ahonen, Juha Saltevo, Markku Laakso, Hannu Kautiainen, Esko Kumpusalo, Mauno Vanhala

“…Fasting insulin, adiponectin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) were determined in 278 men and 273 women with blood pressure ≥130 and/or ≥85 mmHg and/or with antihypertensive medication. …”
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Drugs Involved in Dyslipidemia and Obesity Treatment: Focus on Adipose Tissue by Sofia Dias, Sílvia Paredes, Laura Ribeiro

“…Metabolic syndrome can be defined as a state of disturbed metabolic homeostasis characterized by visceral obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, and insulin resistance. The growing prevalence of metabolic syndrome will certainly contribute to the burden of cardiovascular disease. …”
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Metformin: A Possible Option in Cancer Chemotherapy by Chidiebere V. Ugwueze, Odunze J. Ogamba, Ekenechukwu E. Young, Belonwu M. Onyenekwe, Basil C. Ezeokpo

“…Different mechanisms have been proposed for its antitumor action which involves the following: (a) the activation of adenosine monophosphate kinase, (b) modulation of adenosine A1 receptor (ADORA), (c) reduction in insulin/insulin growth factors, and (d) the role of metformin in the inhibition of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS); and its resultant damage to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule is another paramount antitumor mechanism.…”
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Minimising harms of tight glycaemic control in older patients with type 2 diabetes by Wade Thompson

“…In older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), tight glycaemic control (HbA1c 7%) can result in more harm than benefit, especially when using insulin or sulfonylureas. Older adults are at higher risk for adverse drug events, especially hypoglycaemia, which may cause falls, confusion and hospitalisations. …”
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Regulation of Metabolic Disease-Associated Inflammation by Nutrient Sensors by Alex S. Yamashita, Thiago Belchior, Fábio S. Lira, Nicolette C. Bishop, Barbara Wessner, José C. Rosa, William T. Festuccia

“…Visceral obesity is frequently associated with the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), a highly prevalent chronic disease that features insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction as important hallmarks. …”
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A New Way for Beta Cell Neogenesis: Transdifferentiation from Alpha Cells Induced by Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 by Zhen Zhang, Yinghui Hu, Ningning Xu, Wenjun Zhou, Lei Yang, Rongping Chen, Rui Yang, Jia Sun, Hong Chen

“…By contrast, no insulin-amylase-positive cell populations or insulin/pan-cytokeratin cells were observed in the pancreatic sections. …”
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Pre-gestational diabetes in a young woman with a pathogenic INSR missense mutation, p.(Met1180Lys) by Emma L Prehn, Mairéad Crowley, David Fennell, Brendan T Kinsley, Kevin Colclough, Maria M Byrne

“…Heterozygous insulin receptor (INSR) mutations cause type A insulin resistance (IR), associated with a phenotype of IR; hyperandrogenism, oligomenorrhoea and acanthosis nigricans in the absence of obesity or lipoatrophy. …”
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Population characteristics, prescription patterns and glycemic control of users of flash glucose monitoring systems in Brazil: a real-world evidence study by Karla Santo, Josué Nieri, Karine Risério, Karla F. S. Melo

“…Use of Glic™ platform and a higher percentage of basal insulin dose were associated with a better glycemic control. …”
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Optimizing hypoglycaemia prediction in type 1 diabetes with Ensemble Machine Learning modeling by Daphne N. Katsarou, Eleni I. Georga, Maria A. Christou, Panagiota A. Christou, Stelios Tigas, Costas Papaloukas, Dimitrios I. Fotiadis

“…Its management requires intensive insulin therapy, frequent blood glucose monitoring, and lifestyle adjustments. …”
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Basal-Supported Oral Therapy with Sitagliptin Counteracts Rebound Hyperglycemia Caused by GLP-1 Tachyphylaxis by Shu Meguro, Toshihide Kawai, Tomohiro Matsuhashi, Motoaki Sano, Keiichi Fukuda, Hiroshi Itoh, Yoshihiko Suzuki

“…We investigated the efficacy of basal-supported oral therapy (BOT) with insulin glargine and sitagliptin for counteracting GLP-1 tachyphylaxis. …”
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Immunological Aspects of Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes in Chinese by Zhen Wang, Ying Zheng, Yiting Tu, Zhijie Dai, Jian Lin, Zhiguang Zhou

“…Fulminant type 1 diabetes (FT1D) is a novel subtype of type 1 diabetes characterized by extremely rapid onset and complete deficiency of insulin due to the destruction of pancreatic β cells. …”
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The efficacy of cholecalciferol in the comprehensive treatment of patients with autoimmune diabetes by N.V. Pashkovska, I.O. Tsaryk

“…This effect may be related to the reduction in autoimmune activity as well as the anti-inflammatory properties of vitamin D, which contribute to the maintenance of β-cells and their ability to secrete insulin. The study confirms the pleiotropic effects of vitamin D: reducing autoimmune inflammation, impro­ving insulin sensitivity, normalizing lipid profiles, and supporting β-cell function. …”
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Atherogenic Index in Type 2 Diabetes and Its Relationship with Chronic Microvascular Complications by Zhen Li, Qi Huang, Li Sun, Tengfei Bao, Zhe Dai

“…Standard 75 g oral glucose tolerance testing was performed to measure 0 and 2 hr plasma levels of glucose and insulin. Insulin sensitivity was assessed with HOMA-IR. …”
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Obesity as a Major Risk Factor for Cancer by Giovanni De Pergola, Franco Silvestris

“…Four main systems have been identified as potential producers of cancer in obesity: insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I, sex steroids, and adipokines. …”
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Bile Acids: Key Regulators and Novel Treatment Targets for Type 2 Diabetes by Yingjie Wu, An Zhou, Li Tang, Yuanyuan Lei, Bo Tang, Linjing Zhang

“…Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), characterized by insulin resistance and unclear pathogenesis, is a serious menace to human health. …”
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Evidence for the Gut Microbiota Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Key Pathophysiological Molecules Improving Diabetes by Alessandra Puddu, Roberta Sanguineti, Fabrizio Montecucco, Giorgio Luciano Viviani

“…In type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, increased inflammation, and oxidative stress were shown to be associated with the progressive deterioration of beta-cell function and mass. …”
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Choosing between GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and DPP-4 Inhibitors: A Pharmacological Perspective by Dominique Xavier Brown, Marc Evans

“…This results in increased glucose dependent insulin synthesis and release. GLP-1 receptor agonists such as liraglutide and exenatide exert an intrinsic biological effect on GLP-1 receptors directly stimulating the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells. …”
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Molecular Imaging of IGF-1R in Cancer by Yingying Sun PhD, Xilin Sun PhD, Baozhong Shen MD, PhD

“…The important role of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) in malignant tumors has been well established. …”
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Clinical Profiles, Occurrence, and Management of Adolescent Patients with HAIR-AN Syndrome by Hatim A. Omar, Stephanie Logsdon, Jessica Richards

“…The syndrome of hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and acanthosis nigricans (HAIR-AN) is a subphenotype of the polycystic ovary syndrome. …”
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Does SIRT-1 Mediate Calorie Restriction and Prolong Life? – A Mini Review by Kordala Anna, Pietrzak Bogusława

“…Mechanisms by which that is thought to occur have not yet been elucidated, but they probably involve reactive oxygen species signaling, insulin growth factor and transcriptional factors. …”
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