Follistatin-Like 1: A Potential Mediator of Inflammation in Obesity by Nengguang Fan, Haiyan Sun, Yufan Wang, Yifei Wang, Lijuan Zhang, Zhenhua Xia, Liang Peng, Yanqiang Hou, Weiqin Shen, Rui Liu, Jiajing Yin, Yongde Peng

“…Moreover, FSTL1 impaired insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, as revealed by attenuated phosphorylation of both Akt and IRS-1 in response to insulin stimulation. …”
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Unlocking the Potential of Receptor-Based Approaches in Diabetes Treatment by Mohsina Patwekar, Faheem Patwekar, J. Pavan Kumar, P. Dharani Prasad, Nazia Malik, A. Venkata Badarinath, Prashanth Parupathi, Konatham Teja Kumar Reddy, Selvaraja Elumalai, Zainul Abedeen Ab Samad

“…Despite being in early research stages, bile acid receptor agonists and mitochondrial uncouplers have promising potential for modifying lipid and glucose metabolism. The long-acting insulin analogue insulin glargine, which replaces basal insulin, continues to be a cornerstone of advanced diabetes management. …”
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Brown Fat and Metabolic Health: The Diverse Functions of Dietary Components by Zachary Brown, Takeshi Yoneshiro

“…., anaplerosis) is estimated to be relatively small, yet BCAA catabolism in BAT exerts a critical role in systemic insulin sensitivity. The nature of this apparent tension remained unclear until the recent discovery that active BCAA catabolism in BAT through MBC is critical for the synthesis of metabolites such as glutathione, which is delivered to the liver to improve hepatic insulin sensitivity through redox homeostasis. …”
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Disturbance of Inorganic Phosphate Metabolism in Diabetes Mellitus: Its Relevance to the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy by H. Vorum, J. Ditzel

“…Second, during hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemic intervals, high amounts of glucose enter muscle and fat tissues, which are insulin sensitive. Intracellular glucose is metabolized by phosphorylation, which leads to a reduction in plasma Pi, and subsequent deleterious effects on glucose metabolism in insulin insensitive tissues. …”
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The Roles of Thyroid and Thyroid Hormone in Pancreas: Physiology and Pathology by Chaoran Chen, Zhenxing Xie, Yingbin Shen, Shu Fang Xia

“…Earlier research on this subject focused on TH regulation of pancreas function (such as insulin secretion) or on insulin function through TH-mediated increase of energy metabolism. …”
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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and its Relationship with Obesity by Lina Neri Espinosa Pire, Iruma Alfonso González, Michelle Ariana Calvache Vargas, Holger Alexander Lozano Ati

“…In the latter, substances such as leptin and resistin are secreted that increase insulin resistance. The decrease in sensitivity in the liver, skeletal muscle and fatty tissue produces hypoinsulinism and hyperglycemia through compensatory mechanisms. …”
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Diabetic Ketoacidosis Revealing a Severe Hypertriglyceridemia and Acute Pancreatitis in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus by Fatima Zahra Zaher, Imane Boubagura, Sana Rafi, Ghizlane Elmghari, Nawal Elansari

“…The patient was treated with intravenous insulin, rehydration, and fenofibrate with good clinical and biological evolution. …”
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Impaired Muscle Regeneration in Ob/ob and Db/db Mice by Mai-Huong Nguyen, Ming Cheng, Timothy J. Koh

“…Muscle regeneration was delayed in ob/ob and db/db mice, but not in a less severe model of insulin resistance – feeding a high-fat diet to wild-type mice. …”
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In Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging of Transplanted Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Potential Source for Pancreatic Regeneration by Song Lee, Hyewon Youn, Taemoon Chung, Do Won Hwang, So Won Oh, Keon Wook Kang, June-Key Chung, Dong Soo Lee

“…Daily blood glucose levels and glucose tolerance were measured. Insulin-secreting beta cells were immunostained, and insulin levels were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. …”
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Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis in a Patient with Cocaine Intoxication by Asma Abu-Abed Abdin, Muhammad Hamza, Muhammad S. Khan, Awab Ahmed

“…This rare phenomenon is thought to be due to starvation and food restriction in insulin dependent diabetic patients. Cocaine abuse is considered a trigger for development of DKA. …”
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Squamosamide Derivative FLZ Protects Pancreatic β-Cells from Glucotoxicity by Stimulating Akt-FOXO1 Pathway by Xiangchen Kong, Longmei Zhang, Xianxin Hua, Xiaosong Ma

“…Chronic hyperglycemia increases apoptosis and reduces glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Although protective agents have been searched extensively, none has been found so far. …”
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Nesfatin-1 as a crucial mediator of glucose homeostasis in the reptile, Hemidactylus flaviviridis by Krittika Dotania, Mamta Tripathy, Umesh Rai

“…Moreover, treatment with nesfatin-1 stimulated insulin expression in pancreas while insulin downregulated pancreatic nucb2/nesfatin-1. …”
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Biochemical and Clinical Features of Insulinoma in a Patient with Turner Syndrome by Darius A. Schneider, M. Zare, F. Behnia, M. Matesan, T. Tylee

“…Biochemical work-up following a 72h fast revealed detectable, inappropriate for low glucose insulin levels and elevated proinsulin and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB) levels. …”
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Role of T-Cell Polarization and Inflammation and Their Modulation by n-3 Fatty Acids in Gestational Diabetes and Macrosomia by A. Hichami, O. Grissa, I. Mrizak, C. Benammar, N. A. Khan

“…Besides, these two pathological situations are marked with high concentrations of inflammatory mediators like tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), known to play a pivotal role in insulin resistance. Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) may exert a beneficial effect by shifting Th1/Th2 balance to a Th2 phenotype and increasing insulin sensitivity. …”
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Treatment with Lobeglitazone Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis in Diet-Induced Obese Mice by Sorim Choung, Kyong Hye Joung, Bo Ram You, Sang Ki Park, Hyun Jin Kim, Bon Jeong Ku

“…Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly associated with insulin resistance. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activators, thiazolidinediones, (TZDs), are insulin sensitizers used as a treatment for NAFLD. …”
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Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Regulates PPAR’s Levels in Stem Cells-Derived Adipocytes by Luca Vanella, Daniele Tibullo, Justyna Godos, Francesca Romana Pluchinotta, Claudia Di Giacomo, Valeria Sorrenti, Rosaria Acquaviva, Alessandra Russo, Giovanni Li Volti, Ignazio Barbagallo

“…Finally we tested the effects of Cape on insulin-resistant adipocytes. Quantification of Oil Red O-stained cells showed that lipid droplets decreased following Cape treatment as well as radical oxygen species formation. …”
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In Vitro Proliferation of Porcine Pancreatic Islet Cells for β-Cell Therapy Applications by Guoguang Niu, John P. McQuilling, Yu Zhou, Emmanuel C. Opara, Giuseppe Orlando, Shay Soker

“…High glucose media enhanced insulin expression by about 4–18 fold, suggesting a glucose-dependent effect in the proliferated islet-derived cells. …”
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Angiopoietin-Like Proteins 2 and 3 in Children and Adolescents with Obesity and Their Relationship with Hypertension and Metabolic Syndrome by Zahra Arab Sadeghabadi, Mitra Nourbakhsh, Mohammad Alaee, Mona Nourbakhsh, Seyedeh Sara Ghorbanhosseini, Roya Sharifi, Maryam Razzaghy-Azar

“…Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated and used to estimate insulin resistance (IR). …”
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Effect of Sechium edule extract on blood sugar levels and pancreatic histopathology in male Rats with type II diabetes mellitus by Marti Silfia, Gusbakti Rusip, Linda Chiuma, Ade Indra Mukti, Lia Restumulia

“…The etiology of diabetes varies depending on its type, including Type 1 diabetes, which is caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells responsible for insulin production; Type 2 diabetes, resulting from insulin resistance; and gestational diabetes, triggered by hormonal changes during pregnancy affecting insulin sensitivity. …”
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Transient Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus with the Rare Association of Nonsuppurative Sialadenitis and Genetic Defects in 6q24 by Manal Mustafa, Nitin Ramdas, Mahmoud Elhalik, Arif Faquih

“…He presented with hyperglycemia on the first day of life, which was managed with parenteral insulin infusion. Blood glucose control was initially difficult to achieve due to difficulties in preparing such small doses of insulin and the significant variations in blood glucose concentrations, without ketosis. …”
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