Diabetes Mellitus: A Public Health Challenge by Ydalsys Naranjo Hernández

“…Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia, due to an absolute or relative impairment of insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. It is a complex process of the carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism, which occurs as a result of such relative or complete impairment of insulin secretion from the β-cells of the pancreas or a defect in the insulin receptors.…”
Get full text

Modulation of Adipocytokines Production and Serum NEFA Level by Metformin, Glimepiride, and Sitagliptin in HFD/STZ Diabetic Rats by Mohamed I. Saad, Maher A. Kamel, Mervat Y. Hanafi

“…Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia owing to insulin resistance and/or insulin deficiency. Current theories of T2DM pathophysiology include a decline in β-cells function, a defect in insulin signaling pathways, and a dysregulation of secretory function of adipocytes. …”
Get full text

Thiazolidinediones and Fertility in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) by Pascal Froment, Philippe Touraine

“…The positive action of the insulin-sensitizing treatments could be explained by a decrease in the peripheral insulin resistance but also by a direct action at the ovarian level. …”
Get full text

The Carnivore Connection Hypothesis: Revisited by Jennie C. Brand-Miller, Hayley J. Griffin, Stephen Colagiuri

“…The “Carnivore Connection” hypothesizes that, during human evolution, a scarcity of dietary carbohydrate in diets with low plant : animal subsistence ratios led to insulin resistance providing a survival and reproductive advantage with selection of genes for insulin resistance. …”
Get full text

Metformin Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes in Pregnancy: An Active Controlled, Parallel-Group, Randomized, Open Label Study in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Pregnancy by Jahan Ara Ainuddin, Nasim Karim, Sidra Zaheer, Syed Sanwer Ali, Anjum Ara Hasan

“…To assess the effect of metformin and to compare it with insulin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes in pregnancy in terms of perinatal outcome, maternal complications, additional insulin requirement, and treatment acceptability. …”
Get full text

Pravastatin Improves Glucose Regulation and Biocompatibility of Agarose Encapsulated Porcine Islets following Transplantation into Pancreatectomized Dogs by Lawrence S. Gazda, Horatiu V. Vinerean, Melissa A. Laramore, Richard D. Hall, Joseph W. Carraway, Barry H. Smith

“…Control animals reached preimplant insulin requirements on days 18, 19, and 32. Pravastatin-treated animals reached preimplant insulin requirements on days 22, 27, and 50. …”
Get full text

Effect of Optimization of Glycaemic Control on Mannan-Binding Lectin in Type 1 Diabetes by Gry Høst Dørflinger, Charlotte Brink Holt, Steffen Thiel, Jakob Appel Østergaard, Troels Krarup Hansen

“…After initiation of insulin pump therapy, the total daily insulin dose was significantly reduced (from 51 ± 18 IE/day to 39 ± 13 IE/day, P<0.0001). …”
Get full text

Role of Lipotoxicity and Contribution of the Renin-Angiotensin System in the Development of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome by Alexandre Connolly, Samuel Leblanc, Jean-Patrice Baillargeon

“…We provided evidence, using C21/M24, that AT2R activation improves adipocytes’ size and insulin sensitivity in an insulin-resistant rat model, as well as androgen levels in a PCOS obese rat model. …”
Get full text

Characterization of the Prediabetic State in a Novel Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes, the ZFDM Rat by Ghupurjan Gheni, Norihide Yokoi, Masayuki Beppu, Takuro Yamaguchi, Shihomi Hidaka, Ayako Kawabata, Yoshikazu Hoshino, Masayuki Hoshino, Susumu Seino

“…At 6–8 weeks of age, fa/fa male rats exhibited mild glucose intolerance and severe insulin resistance. Although basal insulin secretion was remarkably high in the isolated pancreatic islets, the responses to both glucose stimulation and the incretin GLP-1 were retained. …”
Get full text

Metformin Increases Protein Phosphatase 2A Activity in Primary Human Skeletal Muscle Cells Derived from Lean Healthy Participants by Aktham Mestareehi, Xiangmin Zhang, Berhane Seyoum, Zaher Msallaty, Abdullah Mallisho, Kyle Jon Burghardt, Anjaneyulu Kowluru, Zhengping Yi

“…Context. Skeletal muscle insulin resistance is one of the primary contributors of type 2 diabetes (T2D). …”
Get full text

Update on Ppar𝜸 and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Gene P. Ables

“…Insulin resistance is one of the characteristics of type 2 diabetes. …”
Get full text

Exenatide Is an Effective Antihyperglycaemic Agent in a Mouse Model of Wolfram Syndrome 1 by Tuuli Sedman, Kertu Rünkorg, Maarja Krass, Hendrik Luuk, Mario Plaas, Eero Vasar, Vallo Volke

“…In contrast to other groups, wolframin-deficient mice had a lower insulin-to-glucose ratio during the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, indicating impaired insulin secretion. …”
Get full text

Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) and Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA): The Difference Between a Honeymoon and a Holiday by Livia M. R. Marcon, Carmine G. Fanelli, Riccardo Calafiore

“…Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease in which destruction of the insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreatic islets requires regular lifelong insulin replacement therapy, the only lifesaving treatment available at this time. …”
Get full text

Effects of High Glucose Levels and Glycated Serum on GIP Responsiveness in the Pancreatic Beta Cell Line HIT-T15 by Alessandra Puddu, Roberta Sanguineti, Fabrizio Montecucco, Giorgio Luciano Viviani

“…Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) is an incretin hormone produced in the gastrointestinal tract that stimulates glucose dependent insulin secretion. Impaired incretin response has been documented in diabetic patients and was mainly related to the inability of the pancreatic beta cells to secrete insulin in response to GIP. …”
Get full text

Structural Analysis of Recombinant Human Preproinsulins by Structure Prediction, Molecular Dynamics, and Protein-Protein Docking by Sung Hun Jung, Chang-Kyu Kim, Gunhee Lee, Jonghwan Yoon, Minho Lee

“…More effective production of human insulin is important, because insulin is the main medication that is used to treat multiple types of diabetes and because many people are suffering from diabetes. …”
Get full text

The Decreased Growth Hormone Response to Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone in Obesity Is Associated to Cardiometabolic Risk Factors by Fernando Cordido, Jesús Garcia-Buela, Susana Sangiao-Alvarellos, Teresa Martinez, Ovidio Vidal

“…The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between GHRH-induced GH secretion in obese premenopausal women and cardiovascular risk markers or insulin resistance. Premenopausal obese women, aged 35–52 years, were studied. …”
Get full text

Novel Indices of Glucose Homeostasis Derived from Principal Component Analysis: Application for Metabolic Assessment in Pregnancy by Tina Stopp, Michael Feichtinger, Ingo Rosicky, Gülen Yerlikaya-Schatten, Johannes Ott, Hans Christian Egarter, Christian Schatten, Wolfgang Eppel, Peter Husslein, Martina Mittlböck, Andrea Tura, Christian S. Göbl

“…PCS2 was associated with higher mean glucose but negatively related to parameters of insulin secretion. PCS3 was significantly associated with fasting indices of insulin sensitivity. …”
Get full text

Functional Status of Pancreatic α and β Cells in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Different Plasma Triglyceride Levels: A Retrospective Analysis by Hang Guo, Chunlei Ma, Xiaoming Wu, Congqing Pan

“…The changes of glucagon, glucagon/insulin ratio, early insulin secretion index (ΔI30/ΔG30), and area under the insulin curve (AUCI) were compared among each group. …”
Get full text

Molecular Bases of Diabetes Mellitus and its Relationship with non-enzymatic Glycosylation and Oxidative Stress by Dayamí García Torres, María de Jesús Sánchez Bouza, Pedro Javier Sánchez Sánchez, Pedro Sánchez Frenes, Laura Naranjo Hernández

“…The term diabetes mellitus defines metabolic alterations of multiple etiologies characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and disorders in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. When insulin binds to its receptor, it triggers multiple molecular signaling pathways, which mediate its biological actions. …”
Get full text

Trends in Glycemia between 2002 and 2016 among Incident Youth Cohorts Early in the Course of Type 1 Diabetes: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study by Daria Igudesman, Beth A. Reboussin, Katherine J. Souris, Catherine Pihoker, Lawrence Dolan, Jean M. Lawrence, Sharon Saydah, Dana Dabelea, Santica Marcovina, Noémie Clouet-Foraison, Faisal S. Malik, Elizabeth J. Mayer-Davis

“…We tested the interaction of year with race and ethnicity, sex, and insulin regimen to assess potential disparities. Results. …”
Get full text