Brown rice: a missing nutrient-rich health food by Xiuxiu Wu, Tianyi Guo, Feijun Luo, Qinlu Lin

“…Underlying mechanisms have also been analyzed, which include regulating lipid synthesis and metabolism, improving insulin levels and increasing glucose metabolism, anti-oxidation, promoting the immune system, transcription and non-transcriptional regulation, blocking cell cycle, thereby improving disease symptoms and reducing its recurrence rate. …”
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miR-149 Alleviates Ox-LDL-Induced Endothelial Cell Injury by Promoting Autophagy through Akt/mTOR Pathway by Zhongsheng Zhu, Jinyu Li, Rui Tong, Xiaorong Zhang, Bo Yu

“…The miR-149-induced protection against HUVECs injury could be reversed by cotreatment with 3-methyladenine (3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor) or insulin (an activator of Akt/mTOR pathway). Conclusions. miR-149 prevents ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell injury by enhancing autophagy via increasing Akt and mTOR expressions.…”
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Maternal Hyperglycemia Directly and Rapidly Induces Cardiac Septal Overgrowth in Fetal Rats by Erin E. Gordon, Benjamin E. Reinking, Shanming Hu, Jianrong Yao, Kok L. Kua, Areej K. Younes, Chunlin Wang, Jeffrey L. Segar, Andrew W. Norris

“…However, left-sided fetuses exhibited higher serum insulin and greater JNK phosphorylation compared to controls. …”
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Alström syndrome: the journey to diagnosis by Akshat Sinha, Kerry Leeson-Beevers, Catherine Lewis, Elizabeth Loughery, Tarekegn Geberhiwot

“…Symptoms include retinal dystrophy, nystagmus, photophobia, hearing loss, obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes and cardiomyopathy. The condition is progressive, but it is important to note that not all the complications associated with AS occur in everyone affected. …”
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Formononetin ameliorates polycystic ovary syndrome through suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome by Zhuo Liu, Rui-Han Wang, Ke-Hua Wang

“…Fasting blood glucose, insulin, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone, and estradiol were detected in DHEA-induced PCOS rats. …”
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GLP-1 Receptor Agonists’ Impact on Fertility - A Review by Joanna Wojda, Katarzyna Lesiczka-Fedoryj, Anna Walczak, Zuzanna Kościuszko, Adam Sobiński, Matylda Czerwonka, Katarzyna Kurza, Julianna Podolec, Silvia Ciraolo, Agnieszka Kulczycka-Rowicka

“…They manage glucose metabolism, appetite, as well as insulin secretion. Alongside their metabolic influence, research demonstrates that GLP-1 analogs may have an effect on the reproductive system, involving fertility via metabolic and hormonal pathways.     …”
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Association of Pathology Markers with Somatostatin Analogue Responsiveness in Acromegaly by George Kontogeorgos, Vyron Markussis, Eleni Thodou, Efi Kyrodimou, Theodossia Choreftaki, Panagiotis Nomikos, Kostas I. Lampropoulos, Stylianos Tsagarakis

“…No markers were associated with changes in circulating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) after treatment with SS-a. …”
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Effect of Repetitive Glucose Spike and Hypoglycaemia on Atherosclerosis and Death Rate in Apo E-Deficient Mice by Kenichi Nakajima, Tomoya Mita, Yusuke Osonoi, Kosuke Azuma, Toshiyuki Takasu, Yoshio Fujitani, Hirotaka Watada

“…In this study, apo E-deficient mice with forced oral administration of glucose twice daily for 15 weeks were used as a model of repetitive postprandial glucose spikes, and apo E-deficient mice given an intraperitoneal injection of insulin once a week for 15 weeks were used as a model of repetitive hypoglycaemia. …”
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Expression of IGF-1R in oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma – An RT-PCR study by Vivek Nayyar, Vinay Hazarey, Sindhu M. Ganvir, Hemant J. Purohit, Reshma Talkal, Kiran Jot

“…Several molecular markers have been used for this purpose, and insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF-1R) is one of the markers in vogue for several human malignancies. …”
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Candida albicans Fungaemia following Traumatic Urethral Catheterisation in a Paraplegic Patient with Diabetes Mellitus and Candiduria Treated by Caspofungin by Subramanian Vaidyanathan, Bakul Soni, Peter Hughes, Gordon Ramage, Leighann Sherry, Gurpreet Singh, Paul Mansour

“…This patient was prescribed human soluble insulin and caspofungin 70 mg followed by 50 mg daily intravenously. …”
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Selective Determinants of Low Bone Mineral Mass in Adult Women with Anorexia Nervosa by Andrea Trombetti, Laura Richert, François R. Herrmann, Thierry Chevalley, Jean-Daniel Graf, René Rizzoli

“…We investigated the relative effect of amenorrhea and insulin-like growth factor-I (sIGF-I) levels on cancellous and cortical bone density and size. …”
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Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Associated Metabolic Risks of Hypertension in Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Community-Based Study by Xiaoying Ding, Ying Xu, Yufan Wang, Xiaohua Li, Chunhua Lu, Jing Su, Yuhang Ma, Yuting Chen, Yanhua Yin, Lijun Zhang, Yong Wu, Yaqiong Jin, Lijun Zheng, Songmei Xu, Xiuli Zhu, Jilin Ma, Lihua Yu, Junyi Jiang, Naisi Zhao, Qingwu Yan, Andrew S. Greenberg, Qianfang Huang, Qian Ren, Haiyan Sun, Mingyu Gu, Li Zhao, Yunhong Huang, Yijie Wu, Chunxian Qian, Yongde Peng

“…Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is a higher risk factor for insulin resistance, shares many predisposing factors with diabetes. …”
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Protein tyrosine phosphatase delta is a STAT3-phosphatase and suppressor of metabolic liver disease by Thomas F Baumert, Charlotte Bach, Patrick Pessaux, Catherine Schuster, Frank Jühling, Sarah C Durand, Yujin Hoshida, Fabien Zoulim, Atish Mukherji, Naoto Fujiwara, Marine A Oudot, Armando Andres Roca Suarez, Michel L Tremblay, Barbara Testoni, Joachim Lupberger, Romain Parent, Laurent Mailly, Nassim Dali-Youcef, Emanuele Felli, Maria Saez-Palma, Julien Moehlin, Alessia Virzì, Nicolas Brignon, Eugenie Schaeffer, Romain Martin, Laura Meiss-Heydmann, Zakaria Boulahtouf, Lea Girard, Emma Osswald, Carole Jamey, Daniel Brumaru, Bhuvaneswari Koneru

“…During MASH, low PTPRD led to increased liver steatosis in Ptprd+/− mice and a pronounced unfolded protein response, which impacts insulin signalling. Accordingly, silencing of PTPRD blunted insulin-induced AKT phosphorylation. …”
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Visceral Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Vascular Complications in a Rat Model with Severe Dyslipidemia: Sex Differences and PAI-1 Tissue Involvement by Irena Markova, Martina Hüttl, Natalie Gayova, Denisa Miklankova, Kristyna Cerna, Martina Kavanova, Petra Skaroupkova, Sona Cacanyiova, Hana Malinska

“…Using male and female hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (HHTg) rats—a nonobese prediabetic model featuring dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance—we found that HHTg females exhibited more pronounced hypertriglyceridemia than males, while HHTg males had higher non-fasting glucose levels. …”
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Association between Serum Cystatin C and Diabetic Foot Ulceration in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study by Jie Zhao, Wuquan Deng, Yuping Zhang, Yanling Zheng, Lina Zhou, Johnson Boey, David G. Armstrong, Gangyi Yang, Ziwen Liang, Bing Chen

“…Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the significant risk factors for DFU were serum CysC, coronary artery disease, hypertension, insulin use, the differences between supine and sitting TcPO2, and hypertension. …”
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Bone Density, Geometry, and Mass by Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography and Bone Turnover Markers in Children with Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 by Maciej Jaworski, Elżbieta Wierzbicka, Edyta Czekuć-Kryśkiewicz, Paweł Płudowski, Maria Kobylińska, Mieczysaw Szalecki

“…The type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic systemic autoimmune-mediated disease characterised by the insulin deficiency and hyperglycaemia. Its deleterious effect on bones concerns not only bone mass, density, and fracture risk but also may involve the linear growth of long bones. …”
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Intrauterine metformin exposure and adiposity outcomes in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis by George Tomlinson, Jill Hamilton, Kellie E Murphy, Jennifer Fu, Najla Tabbara, Denice S Feig

“…Objective The study aims to assess the effect of intrauterine metformin exposure on offspring adiposity measures in childhood.Design Systematic review and meta-analysis.Data sources Medline, Embase and Cochrane Central were searched from inception to 4 October 2024.Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Follow-up studies of randomised-controlled trials and observational studies involving metformin use in pregnancy for any insulin-resistant maternal condition were included.Data extraction and synthesis Two reviewers independently extracted data and completed risk-of-bias assessments using either Cochrane Risk-Of-Bias tool V.2 or Risk of Bias in Non-Randomised Studies of Exposure depending on study design. …”
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Screening and Functional Pathway Analysis of Pulmonary Genes Associated with Suppression of Allergic Airway Inflammation by Adipose Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles by Sung-Dong Kim, Shin Ae Kang, Yong-Wan Kim, Hak Sun Yu, Kyu-Sup Cho, Hwan-Jung Roh

“…Expression of paraoxonase 1 (PON1), brain-expressed X-linked 2 (Bex2), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6 (Igfbp6), formyl peptide receptor 1 (Fpr1), and secretoglobin family 1C member 1 (Scgb1c1) was significantly increased in asthmatic mice following treatment with ASC-derived EVs. …”
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Insulinomas: Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnostic Approaches, and Treatment Options by Joanna Rychlewska-Duda, Justyna Lisiecka, Mateusz Janik, Barbara Ufnalska, Anna Konarska, Artur Fabijański, Anna Machowiak, Michał Nowak, Wojciech Firlej, Adriana Daria Dukacz

“…Among PNETs, insulinomas are the most common type, characterized by excessive insulin production, with an occurrence rate of 1-4 per million people. …”
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Inhibition of Viability, Proliferation, Cytokines Secretion, Surface Antigen Expression, and Adipogenic and Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells by Seven-Day Ex... by Jian Wang, Bo Xiang, Jixian Deng, Darren H. Freed, Rakesh C. Arora, Ganghong Tian

“…The SMF slightly downregulated the expression of cytokines including Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGF-β1), genetic markers comprising Stem Cell Antigen-1 (Sca1), Octamer-4 (Oct-4), ATP-binding Cassette Subfamily B Member 1 (ABCB1), adipogenic marker genes containing Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL), Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPAR-γ), and osteogenic marker genes including Secreted Phosphor-protein 1 (SPP1) and Osterix (OSX). …”
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