THE IMPACT OF GENDER DIVERSITY ON EARNINGS QUALITY OF LISTED FINANCIAL SERVICES FIRMS IN NIGERIA: ANALYSIS OF TWO-STAGE LEAST SQUARES by Joseph Olorunfemi Akande

“…To address potential endogeneity, a two-stage least squares (2SLS) regression was used, with instrumental variables estimating the endogenous variables. …”
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The impact of parental migration on left-behind children’s tooth health in China by Yunyun Zhang, Kang Du

“…The analysis incorporated multiple methodologies, including the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model, instrumental variables approach, and the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method, to assess the impact of parental migration on the dental health of left-behind children. …”
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Impact of Internet Usage on Depression Among Older Adults: Comprehensive Study by Lin Guo, Yunwei Li, Kai Cheng, Ying Zhao, Wenqiang Yin, Ying Liu

“…MethodsUsing data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a 2-stage instrumental variable approach was applied to address endogeneity and estimate causal relationships between internet usage and depression. …”
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Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying peripheral nerve injury-induced cellular ecological shifts: Implications for neuroregeneration by Limao Wu, Jinglan He, Na Shen, Song Chen

“…The peripheral nervous system is a sophisticated ecological network, and its injury initiates a cascade of intricate intercellular regulatory processes that are instrumental in the repair process. Despite the advent of sophisticated microsurgical techniques, the repair of peripheral nerve injuries frequently proves inadequate, resulting in adverse effects on patients' quality of life. …”
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Action inflexibility and compulsive-like behavior accompany neurobiological alterations in the anterior orbitofrontal cortex and associated striatal nuclei by Laura M. Butkovich, Sophie T. Yount, Aylet T. Allen, Esther H. Seo, Andrew M. Swanson, Shannon L. Gourley

“…We found that these mice also demonstrate insensitivity to Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer, as well as compulsive-like grooming behavior that is ameliorated by fluoxetine and inhibitory, but not excitatory, chemogenetic modulation of excitatory OFC neurons. …”
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Juntas de Vecinos: Características y alcances de la participación social en organizaciones comunitarias territoriales. by Ignacio José Rojas Dunlop

“…En el primer caso, se da, mayormente, una participación instrumental, y en el segundo una participación pasiva, no precisamente comunitaria. …”
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Mendelian randomization analysis reveals genetic evidence for a causal link between inflammatory bowel disease and uterine cervical neoplasms by Chunge Cao, Xiaorui Sun, Xiaohu Chen, Ying Zhang, Chaoyan Yue

“…We aimed to evaluate the causal relationship between IBD and uterine cervical neoplasm using a bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis.MethodsWe derived instrumental variables for IBD, including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, from the IEU Open genome-wide association study (GWAS) database, and for the histological subtypes of uterine cervical neoplasm from the FinnGen repository’s GWAS data. …”
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The causal relationship between steroid hormones and risk of stroke: evidence from a two-sample Mendelian randomization study by Yang Zhang, Miaowen Jiang, Di Wu, Ming Li, Xunming Ji

“…Through genome-wide association meta-analysis, the genetic variants of steroid hormones, including testosterone/17β-estradiol (T/E2) ratio, aldosterone, androstenedione, progesterone, and hydroxyprogesterone, were acquired as instrumental variables. Analysis was done on the impact of these steroid hormones on the risk of stroke subtypes. …”
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La percepción del profesorado acerca del individualismo en el ámbito de la enseñanza y de la formación continua en el Paraguay by Gamaliel Benítez-Notario, Cynthia-Carolina Galván-Bracho, Angela-Monserrat Jara-Ocampos, Santiago Curtido-Estigarribia

“…Se ha aplicado una metodología cualitativa, mediante el estudio de casos de tipo instrumental, con trece profesores pertenecientes a distintos centros educativos del Paraguay. …”
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Epidemiology of spinal cord injuries in three selected counties in Kenya by George M. Muli, Veronica Ntsiea, Natalie Benjamin-Damons, Nassib Tawa

“…This injury often leads to a range of debilitating consequences, including loss of motor function, sensation, sphincter control and autonomic nerve function below the site of injury, as well as challenges with self-care and performance of instrumental activities of daily living (ADLs). Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence, risk factors and characteristics of SCI among adult patients in three selected counties in Kenya. …”
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Production of Prodigiosin Using Tannery Fleshing and Evaluating Its Pharmacological Effects by C. Sumathi, D. MohanaPriya, S. Swarnalatha, M. G. Dinesh, G. Sekaran

“…Optimization of fermentation conditions to yield maximum prodigiosin, and instrumental analysis using FTIR, NMR, ESI-MS, TGA, and DSC. …”
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Causal associations between dietary habits and liver cancer risk: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study by Wen-Hao Hu, Jia-An Sun, Chang Liu

“…Importantly, our two-sample MR investigations indicated no considerable pleiotropy effects in the instrumental variables (IVs). Conclusion In summary, our findings suggest a potential protective effect of oily fish intake against liver cancer, emphasizing the need for further studies to validate these results.…”
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Application of Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Detection of Paralytic Shellfish Poison in Bivalve Shellfish and Its Influencing Factors by DENG Yuxiang, WU Haiyan, XU Xizhen, ZHAO Huihui, TAN Zhijun, ZHENG Guanchao

“…It then summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the detection of PSP in bivalve shellfish from four aspects: pretreatment extraction and purification, instrumental conditions, matrix effects, and method validation. …”
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Chemical Composition, Functional Properties, and Effect of Inulin from Tunisian Agave americana L. Leaves on Textural Qualities of Pectin Gel by Mohamed Ali Bouaziz, Rabaa Rassaoui, Souhail Besbes

“…The textural properties of Agave inulin-pectin mixed gels were examined using instrumental Texture Profile Analysis (TPA). Firmness of the prepared Agave inulin-pectin mixed gels was lower than the pectin gel (0.3554 N against 5.7238 N, resp.). …”
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Can aid foster Africa's attainment of a just energy transition and external debt sustainability? by Kalimanshi Nsakaza, Talumba Ireen Chilipaine

“…In contrast to the instrumental variables technique, the paper employed a 2-step system GMM to analyze data from 39 African countries between 2012 and 2022. …”
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Towards Circular Economy through Waste to Biomass Energy in Madagascar by Ling Qin, Mengjun Wang, Jinfu Zhu, Yuhu Wei, Xintao Zhou, Zheng He

“…It identifies several areas where research is urgently required to adopt instrumental policies to ensure that both rural development objectives and renewable energy targets are met with financial support from the government and international assistance.…”
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Adolescent and adult mice use both incremental reinforcement learning and short term memory when learning concurrent stimulus-action associations. by Juliana Chase, Liyu Xia, Lung-Hao Tai, Wan Chen Lin, Anne G E Collins, Linda Wilbrecht

“…Computational modeling has revealed that human research participants use both rapid working memory (WM) and incremental reinforcement learning (RL) (RL+WM) to solve a simple instrumental learning task, relying on WM when the number of stimuli is small and supplementing with RL when the number of stimuli exceeds WM capacity. …”
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Probabilistic seismic hazard mapping for Bangladesh using updated source models by Anika Samm-A, A. S. M. Maksud Kamal, Md. Shakhawat Hossain, Md. Zillur Rahman

“…This study addresses these limitations by updating areal source models (nine areal sources), estimating seismicity parameters such as mean seismicity rates, Gutenberg–Richter b-values, and maximum earthquake magnitude (Mmax), and utilizing comprehensive earthquake catalogs of historical and instrumental records. In the absence of region-specific GMPEs, a combination of equations (four different combinations) from similar tectonic settings was employed. …”
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Psychometric properties of the Stress Coping Scale Brief-COPE 28 in a Peruvian population by Neicer Joel Delgado-Requejo, Julio Cesar Castillo Ramos, Lourdes Carolina Cerda Sánchez

“…Method: The design used was instrumental; 530 people participated, 60% men and 40% women, between 18 and 60 years old, from different regions of Peru, selected by non-probability convenience sampling. …”
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Spatial Dynamics of Specialized and Sophisticated Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises on New High-Quality Productive Forces from an Evolutionary Economic Geography Perspective by Huibo Zhong, Mingwei Chu, Yuhang Xia, Keyu Zhai, Xing Gao

“…The study assesses the impact of specialized and sophisticated SMEs on NHPFs using OLS and addresses potential endogeneity issues through the application of instrumental variables. The results show that the Specialized and Sophistication Index (SSI) positively impacts NHPFs, with its effect strengthening from the company to the municipal level (by about 25%) but weakening at the provincial and national levels (to half of the municipal level), highlighting a clear marginal effect on regional NHPFs. …”
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