Cytokine Profile in Early Infection by Leptospira interrogans in A/J Mice by Lorena Bavia, Íris A. de Castro, Mariane Tami Amano, Ana Maria Gonçalves da Silva, Silvio Arruda Vasconcellos, Lourdes Isaac

“…Since rodents are at the same time the main reservoir and generally asymptomatic to Leptospira infection, understanding why some animal species are resistant and others are susceptible to this infection would shed some light in how to control this important zoonosis. The innate immune response against Leptospira is mainly dependent on phagocytosis and activation of the Complement System. …”
Get full text

Suppression of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Mediators in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages by Stem Extract of Alternanthera sessilis via the Inhibition of the NF-κB Pathway by Katyakyini Muniandy, Sivapragasam Gothai, Khaleel M. H. Badran, S. Suresh Kumar, Norhaizan Mohd Esa, Palanisamy Arulselvan

“…Inflammation is a natural process of the innate immune system, accompanied with the increase in the level of proinflammatory mediators, for example, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PGE2); cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα); and enzymes including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) via the activation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) subunit p65 due to the phosphorylation of inhibitory protein, IκBα. …”
Get full text

Inflammatory Monocytes Are Rapidly Recruited to the Post-Ischaemic Liver in Patients Undergoing Liver Transplantation and Cytokines Associated with Their Activation Correlate with... by Francis P. Robertson, Antonia O. Cuff, Victoria Male, Graham P. Wright, Laura J. Pallett, Barry J. Fuller, Brian R. Davidson

“…<i>Results:</i> Circulating levels of cytokines associated with innate immune cell recruitment and activation were significantly elevated in the peri-transplant period. …”
Get full text

Sex differences in the neuroinflammatory signaling pathway: effect of miRNAs on fatty acid synthesis in microglia by Haolin Zheng, Akiko Mizokami, Sergio Romera-Giner, Jaime Llera-Oyola, Yosuke Yamawaki, Tomomi Sano, Eijiro Jimi, Francisco García-García, Takashi Kanematsu

“…Recent studies have demonstrated that microglia, the primary innate immune cells in the brain, play a crucial role in AD development. …”
Get full text

scRNA-seq reveals elevated interferon responses and TNF-α signaling via NFkB in monocytes in children with uncomplicated malaria by Collins M. Morang’a, Riley S. Drake, Riley S. Drake, Riley S. Drake, Riley S. Drake, Vincent N. Miao, Vincent N. Miao, Vincent N. Miao, Vincent N. Miao, Nancy K. Nyakoe, Dominic S. Y. Amuzu, Vincent Appiah, Yaw Aniweh, Yaw Bediako, Saikou Y. Bah, Alex K. Shalek, Alex K. Shalek, Alex K. Shalek, Alex K. Shalek, Gordon A. Awandare, Thomas D. Otto, Lucas Amenga-Etego

“…On average, patients were characterized by a higher fractional abundance of monocytes and an upregulation of innate immune responses, including those to type I and type II interferons and tumor necrosis factor-alpha signaling via NFκB. …”
Get full text

Staphylococcus aureus induces mitophagy via the HDAC11/IL10 pathway to sustain intracellular survival by Yaji Yang, Haotian Zhou, Feilong Li, Yanhao Zhang, Jianye Yang, Yidong Shen, Ning Hu, Quanming Zou, Leilei Qin, Hao Zeng, Wei Huang

“…Although macrophages play a vital role as innate immune cells, the mechanisms by which S. aureus survives within them and suppresses host immune functions remain incompletely understood. …”
Get full text

Truncated NS1 Influenza A Virus Induces a Robust Antigen-Specific Tissue-Resident T-Cell Response and Promotes Inducible Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Formation in Mice by Anna-Polina Shurygina, Marina Shuklina, Olga Ozhereleva, Ekaterina Romanovskaya-Romanko, Sofia Kovaleva, Andrej Egorov, Dmitry Lioznov, Marina Stukova

“….), are unable to antagonise the innate immune response. This creates a self-adjuvant effect enhancing heterologous protection by inducing a robust CD8+ T-cell response together with immunoregulatory mechanisms. …”
Get full text

Immune dysfunction revealed by digital spatial profiling of immuno-oncology markers in progressive stages of renal cell carcinoma and in brain metastases by Wei Wei, Michael Hurwitz, Sabina Signoretti, Lucia Jilaveanu, Toni K Choueiri, David L Rimm, Adebowale Adeniran, Sandra Martínez, Harriet M Kluger, David A Schoenfeld, Myrto Moutafi, Dijana Djureinovic, Ross D Merkin, David A Braun, Fabio Parisi

“…A comparison of brain metastases to extracranial metastases revealed higher expression of the anti-apoptotic, BCL-2-family protein BCL-XL and lower expression of the innate immune activator STING in brain metastases. Lower TIM-3 and CD40 in the TME of brain metastases appear to be associated with longer survival, a finding that requires further validation.Conclusions Compared with primary tumors, RCC metastases, including brain metastases, express lower levels of numerous markers of immune activation and current or investigational therapeutic targets. …”
Get full text

Whole blood transcriptome profiles of trypanotolerant and trypanosusceptible cattle highlight a differential modulation of metabolism and immune response during infection by Trypan... by Peylhard, Moana, Berthier, David, Dayo, Guiguigbaza-Kossigan, Chantal, Isabelle, Sylla, Souleymane, Nidelet, Sabine, Dubois, Emeric, Martin, Guillaume, Sempéré, Guilhem, Flori, Laurence, Thévenon, Sophie

“…The functional analysis of differentially expressed genes over time in each breed confirmed an early activation of the innate immune response, followed by an activation of the humoral response and an inhibition of T cell functions at the chronic stage of infection. …”
Get full text

The comprehensive assessment of epigenetics changes during skin development by Li Lei, Ling Jiang, Yibo Hu, Menglu Chen, Jinhua Huang, Jing Chen, Qinghai Zeng

“…However, the minimal erythema dose of UV exposure altered multiple epigenetic effectors regulating extracellular matrix organization, cell-matrix adhesion, innate immune response, mitochondrial function and mRNA processing. …”
Get full text

In ovo delivery of carvacrol triggers expression of chemotactic factors, antimicrobial peptides and pro-inflammatory pathways in the yolk sac of broiler chicken embryos by Mila M. Y. Meijer, Henry van den Brand, Shahram Niknafs, Eugeni Roura

“…Antimicrobial peptides are part of the innate immune defence and are amongst the molecules produced after the nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor pathway activation. …”
Get full text

Role of outer membrane vesicles of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from bovine uterine discharge in pro-inflammatory dysregulation by A. F. Daham, A. H. Jaber, A. Neamah, H. Al-Karagoly

“…Notably, incubating THP-1 cells with high con-centrations of hvKP OMVs inhibited IL-1β and TNF responses, indicating that these OMVs may not only facilitate the internalisation of the bacterium by THP-1 cells but also suppress the cells’ innate immune response to hvKP infection. This ability of hvKP OMVs to evade the immune system and modulate host responses contributes significantly to the bacterium’s pathogenicity.…”

Insights from Dysregulated mRNA Expression Profile of β-Cells in Response to Proinflammatory Cytokines by Zhen Wang, Kunlin Huang, Jing Xu, Jia Liu, Ying Zheng

“…GO analysis showed that the top 10 significant “biological processes,” “cellular components,” and “molecular functions” for upregulated mRNAs include “immune system process,” “inflammatory response,” and “innate immune response” and the top 10 for downregulated mRNAs include “cell cycle,” “mitotic cytokinesis,” and “cytoplasm.” …”
Get full text

Elevated Plasma Soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1 Level in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS): A Biomarker of Disease Severity and Outcome by Shachaf Shiber, Vitaly Kliminski, Katia Orvin, Iftach Sagy, Mordehay Vaturi, Ran Kornowski, Michael Drescher, Yair Molad

“…Plasma levels of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (sTREM-1) reflect innate immune cell activation. We sought to evaluate sTREM-1 levels in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and their predictive value for disease severity and outcome. …”
Get full text

Identification of Cytosolic DNA Sensor cGAS-STING as Immune-Related Risk Factor in Renal Carcinoma following Pan-Cancer Analysis by Zheng Wu, Ying Lin, Li-Min Liu, Yan-Li Hou, Wei-Ting Qin, Lei Zhang, Shu-Heng Jiang, Qin Yang, Yong-Rui Bai

“…The cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) plays critical functions in innate immune responses via the production of the second messenger cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP), which stimulates the adaptor stimulator of interferon genes (STING). …”
Get full text

Low-Dose Irradiation Differentially Impacts Macrophage Phenotype in Dependence of Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes and Radiation Dose by Lisa Deloch, Jana Fuchs, Michael Rückert, Rainer Fietkau, Benjamin Frey, Udo S. Gaipl

“…Two cell types within the synovium that play an important role in RA are fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and macrophages. The latter innate immune cells show a high plasticity in their phenotype and are central in inflammatory processes. …”
Get full text

Proteomic profiling of Labeo rohita intestine infected with Edwardsiella tarda: Unveiling the mucosal defense mechanisms, cell adhesion, and cytoskeletal pathways by Nevil Pinto, Mehar Un Nissa, Gowhar Iqbal, Yashwanth BS, Darshan P, Sanjeeva S, Mukunda Goswami

“…The control group mapped to pathways; innate immune system (mhc), carbon metabolism (rgn), and regulation of body fluid levels (fgg). …”
Get full text

Cecal Patches Generate Abundant IgG2b-Bearing B Cells That Are Reactive to Commensal Microbiota by Masato Tsuda, Hiraku Okada, Natsuki Kojima, Fumiya Ishihama, Yuhei Muraki, Toshiki Oguma, Nanako Hattori, Takumi Mizoguchi, Kiyoaki Mori, Satoshi Hachimura, Yoshimasa Takahashi, Kyoko Takahashi, Shuichi Kaminogawa, Akira Hosono

“…These data suggest that CePs have a different antibody production profile compared to PPs. Furthermore, the innate immune signals derived from gut microbiota are crucial for generating the IgG2b antibodies in CePs.…”
Get full text

A meta-analysis of whole blood transcriptome reveals genes associated with increased neutrophil activity and T cell suppression in sepsis by T. N. Shruthi, Anbazhagan Kolandaswamy, Prabakara Somanna

“…The up-regulated genes (CD177, MMP8, ARG1, IL18R1, RETN, LTF, S100A12, S100A8, S1000A9, MMP9, and ELANE) were associated with the innate immune system and regulate neutrophil activity. …”
Get full text

Inhibition and evasion of neutrophil microbicidal responses by Legionella longbeachae by Hannah E. Hanford, Christopher T. D. Price, Silvia Uriarte, Yousef Abu Kwaik

“…However, most intracellular bacterial pathogens are restricted in neutrophils, which are the first line of innate immune defense against invading pathogens. Bacterial degradation within neutrophils is mediated by the fusion of microbicidal granules to pathogen-containing phagosomes and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the phagocyte NADPH oxidase complex. …”
Get full text