A Case of Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis and Associated Conjunctivitis Following MMR Vaccine Administration by Hana I. Nazir, Aubrey A. Hess, Abha Soni, Kathryn A. Potter

“…With the COVID-19 pandemic, more adults are receiving the MMR vaccine, as it may enhance innate immune responses against COVID-19 infection. Here, we report a case of LCV and associated conjunctivitis arising in a patient secondary to immunization with the MMR vaccine. …”
Get full text

Nuclear Alarmin Cytokines in Inflammation by Lili Jiang, Yijia Shao, Yao Tian, Changsheng Ouyang, Xiaohua Wang

“…Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are some nonspecific and highly conserved molecular structures of exogenous specific microbial pathogens, whose products can be recognized by pattern recognition receptor (PRR) on innate immune cells and induce an inflammatory response. …”
Get full text

Bidirectional role of neutrophils in tumor development by Haoxin Luyang, Feng Zeng, Yan Lei, Qian He, Yanhong Zhou, Juan Xu

“…Abstract Neutrophils, traditionally considered as non-specific components of the innate immune system, have garnered considerable research interest due to their dual roles in both promoting and inhibiting tumor progression. …”
Get full text

Molecular characterization of mixed-histology endometrial carcinoma provides prognostic and therapeutic value over morphologic findings by Paulina J. Haight, Ashwini Esnakula, Courtney J. Riedinger, Adrian A. Suarez, Jessica Gillespie, Ashley Patton, Alexis Chassen, David E. Cohn, Casey M. Cosgrove

“…Transcriptional analysis demonstrated 93 differentially expressed genes between p53abnl and NSMP tumors, including many associated with the innate immune response and DNA damage repair. While p53abnl and NSMP tumors have similarly poor outcomes, transcriptome analysis revealed biologic differences that could impact targeted therapeutics in this high-risk group.…”
Get full text

Impaired Inflammatory Response to LPS in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Lusine Khondkaryan, Sona Margaryan, David Poghosyan, Gayane Manukyan

“…High susceptibility to infections of T2DM patients indicates dysregulated immune responses to pathogens. However, innate immune responses, including monocyte functions, in T2DM are poorly investigated. …”
Get full text

Differential Gene Expression Profile of Human Neutrophils Cultured with Plasmodium falciparum-Parasitized Erythrocytes by Mohamad Alaa Terkawi, Ryo Takano, Kentaro Kato

“…Neutrophils (PMNs) are the most abundant cellular component of our innate immune system, where they play central roles in the pathogenesis of and resistance to a broad range of diseases. …”
Get full text

Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease by Patrick Mathieu, Rihab Bouchareb, Marie-Chloé Boulanger

“…Different factors, including oxidized lipid species, activate the innate immune response through the Toll-like receptors. …”
Get full text

A new crustin-like gene from the redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus and its response to decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) challenge by Xiaoying Hang, Jianbo Zheng, Fei Li

“…Crustin, a widely-studied antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), has been proven to be involved in mediating innate immune responses against intruding pathogens. …”
Get full text

Global Autorecognition and Activation of Complement by Mannan-Binding Lectin in a Mouse Model of Type 1 Diabetes by Esben Axelgaard, Jakob Appel Østergaard, Saranda Haxha, Steffen Thiel, Troels Krarup Hansen

“…MBL is a complement-activating pattern recognition molecule of the innate immune system that can mediate an inflammation response through activation of the lectin pathway. …”
Get full text

Activated Platelets Induce an Anti-Inflammatory Response of Monocytes/Macrophages through Cross-Regulation of PGE2 and Cytokines by Bona Linke, Yannick Schreiber, Bettina Picard-Willems, Patrick Slattery, Rolf M. Nüsing, Sebastian Harder, Gerd Geisslinger, Klaus Scholich

“…Platelets are well known for their role in hemostasis and are also increasingly recognized for their roles in the innate immune system during inflammation and their regulation of macrophage activation. …”
Get full text

Revolutionizing oral care: Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-Regulating biomaterials for combating infection and inflammation by Wei Zhao, Yu Zhang, Jing Chen, Danrong Hu

“…Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play crucial roles in the host's innate immune defenses. However, in chronic inflammatory oral conditions, dysregulated immune responses can result in excessive ROS production, which in turn exacerbates inflammation and causes tissue damage. …”
Get full text

Severe CSF immune cell alterations in cryptococcal meningitis gradually resolve during antifungal therapy by Christine Dambietz, Michael Heming, Tobias J. Brix, Andreas Schulte-Mecklenbeck, Phil-Robin Tepasse, Catharina C. Gross, Jonel Trebicka, Heinz Wiendl, Gerd Meyer zu Hörste

“…Flow cytometry analysis revealed an elevation of natural killer cells and natural killer T cells in the CSF and blood of HIV negative patients with CM, pointing to innate immune activation in early stages after fungal invasion. …”
Get full text

Cytokine Profile of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Caused by Pollen, Mite, and Microbial Allergen Sensitization by Yury A. Tyurin, Svetlana A. Lissovskaya, Rustem S. Fassahov, Ilshat G. Mustafin, Anton F. Shamsutdinov, Marina A. Shilova, Albert A. Rizvanov

“…These cells actively express a group of receptors of the innate immune system. A specific cytokine profile is its representation. …”
Get full text

The role of natural products targeting macrophage polarization in sepsis-induced lung injury by Yake Li, Sinan Ai, Yuan Li, Wangyu Ye, Rui Li, Xiaolong Xu, Qingquan Liu

“…As a key component of the innate immune system, macrophages play a vital role in SALI, in which a macrophage phenotype imbalance caused by an increase in M1 macrophages or a decrease in M2 macrophages is common. …”
Get full text

Untargeted metabolomic and proteomic analysis implicates SIRT2 as a novel therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy by Ruijing Zhang, Runze Chang, Heng Wang, Jinshan Chen, Chuanlong Lu, Keyi Fan, Yuhang Zhang, Lizheng Li, Sheng Yan, Honglin Dong

“…Correlation analysis of major differentially abundant metabolites and differentially expressed proteins revealed that SIRT2 might be a key hub linking energy metabolism and innate immune responses. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that HIF-1 signaling pathway and renal cell carcinoma pathway were co-enriched pathways in energy metabolism and inflammatory response. …”
Get full text

Cathelicidins: Opportunities and Challenges in Skin Therapeutics and Clinical Translation by Lenka Dzurová, Edita Holásková, Hana Pospíšilová, Gabriela Schneider Rauber, Jitka Frébortová

“…Cathelicidins are a group of cationic, amphipathic peptides that play a vital role in the innate immune response of many vertebrates, including humans. …”
Get full text

Evasion of Early Antiviral Responses by Herpes Simplex Viruses by Paula A. Suazo, Francisco J. Ibañez, Angello R. Retamal-Díaz, Marysol V. Paz-Fiblas, Susan M. Bueno, Alexis M. Kalergis, Pablo A. González

“…To gain access to these cells, herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) must replicate and block immediate host antiviral responses elicited by epithelial cells and innate immune components early after infection. During these processes, infected and noninfected neighboring cells, as well as tissue-resident and patrolling immune cells, will sense viral components and cell-associated danger signals and secrete soluble mediators. …”
Get full text

Mannose-Binding Lectin Promoter Polymorphisms and Gene Variants in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients from Cantabria (Northern Spain) by J.-Gonzalo Ocejo-Vinyals, Lucía Lavín-Alconero, Pablo Sánchez-Velasco, M.-Ángeles Guerrero-Alonso, Fernando Ausín, M.-Carmen Fariñas, Francisco Leyva-Cobián

“…Mannose-binding lectin is a central molecule of the innate immune system. Mannose-binding lectin 2 promoter polymorphisms and structural variants have been associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis. …”
Get full text

Antimicrobial Peptides: A Promising Alternative to Conventional Antimicrobials for Combating Polymicrobial Biofilms by Cesar Augusto Roque‐Borda, Laura Maria Duran Gleriani Primo, Kaila Petronila Medina‐Alarcón, Isabella C. Campos, Camila de Fátima Nascimento, Mauro M. S. Saraiva, Angelo Berchieri Junior, Ana Marisa Fusco‐Almeida, Maria José Soares Mendes‐Giannini, João Perdigão, Fernando Rogério Pavan, Fernando Albericio

“…AMPs, which can be produced as part of the innate immune response or synthesized therapeutically, have broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity, often disrupting microbial cell membranes and causing cell death. …”
Get full text

Ex Vivo Restimulation of Human PBMC Expands a CD3+CD4-CD8-γδ+ T Cell Population That Can Confound the Evaluation of CD4 and CD8 T Cell Responses to Vaccination by B. J. Sedgmen, L. Papalia, L. Wang, A. R. Dyson, H. A. McCallum, C. M. Simson, M. J. Pearse, E. Maraskovsky, D. Hung, P. P. Eomois, G. Hartel, M. J. Barnden, S. P. Rockman

“…T cells play a pivotal role both in coordinating the adaptive and innate immune responses and as effectors. During the assessment of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in subjects participating in a large-scale influenza vaccine trial, we identified the expansion of an IFN-γ-producing CD3+CD4-CD8-γδ+ T cell population in the peripheral blood of 90/610 (15%) healthy subjects. …”
Get full text