LFA-1: A potential key player in microglia-mediated neuroprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation in vitro. by Robin Jansen, Marc Pawlitzki, Michael Gliem, Sven G Meuth, Stefanie Schreiber, Michael-W Görtler, Jens Neumann

“…For the last 38 years, all neuroprotective agents for patients with ischemic stroke have failed in clinical trials. The innate immune system, particularly microglia, is a much-discussed target for neuroprotective agents. …”
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Inflammation and Immune Response in COPD: Where Do We Stand? by Nikoletta Rovina, Antonia Koutsoukou, Nikolaos G. Koulouris

“…Cigarette smoke activates innate immune cells by triggering pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to release “danger signal”. …”
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The Role and the Regulation of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Narrative Review by Arezina Kasti, Konstantinos Katsas, Maroulla D. Nikolaki, Konstantinos Triantafyllou

“…NLRP3 inflammasome is part of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) family, a crucial component of the innate immune system. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that inhibiting NLRP3 reduces visceral sensitivity and IBS symptoms, like abdominal pain, and diarrhea, suggesting that targeting the NLRP3 might represent a novel therapeutic approach for IBS. …”
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NLRP3 Inflammasome: Activation and Regulation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration by Jiangyuan Gao, Ruozhou Tom Liu, Sijia Cao, Jing Z. Cui, Aikun Wang, Eleanor To, Joanne A. Matsubara

“…Little is known about the interactions among these mechanisms that drive the transition from early to late stages of AMD, such as geographic atrophy (GA) or choroidal neovascularization (CNV). As part of the innate immune system, inflammasome activation has been identified in RPE cells and proposed to be a causal factor for RPE dysfunction and degeneration. …”
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Moss-pathogen interactions: a review of the current status and future opportunities by Huan Zhang, Huan Zhang, Qilin Yang, Qilin Yang, Leyi Wang, Leyi Wang, Huawei Liu, Huawei Liu, Daoyuan Zhang, Daoyuan Zhang, Cheng-Guo Duan, Xiaoshuang Li, Xiaoshuang Li

“…While sharing the fundamental innate immune systems common to all land plants, mosses have evolved distinct chemical and physical defense mechanisms. …”
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The Role of TOX in the Development of Innate Lymphoid Cells by Corey R. Seehus, Jonathan Kaye

“…Recently, we have identified a broader role for TOX in the innate immune system, demonstrating that this nuclear protein is required for generation of bone marrow progenitors that have potential to give rise to all innate lymphoid cells. …”
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Host-microbe multiomic profiling identifies distinct COVID-19 immune dysregulation in solid organ transplant recipients by Harry Pickering, Joanna Schaenman, Hoang Van Phan, Cole Maguire, Alexandra Tsitsiklis, Nadine Rouphael, Nelson Iván Agudelo Higuita, Mark A. Atkinson, Scott Brakenridge, Monica Fung, William Messer, IMPACC Network, Ramin Salehi-rad, Matthew C. Altman, Patrice M. Becker, Steven E. Bosinger, Walter Eckalbar, Annmarie Hoch, Naresh Doni Jayavelu, Seunghee Kim-Schulze, Meagan Jenkins, Steven H. Kleinstein, Florian Krammer, Holden T. Maecker, Al Ozonoff, Joann Diray-Arce, Albert Shaw, Lindsey Baden, Ofer Levy, Elaine F. Reed, Charles R. Langelier

“…Blood and nasal transcriptional profiling demonstrate unexpected upregulation of innate immune signaling pathways and increased levels of several proinflammatory serum chemokines. …”
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Gut microbiota: a novel target for exercise-mediated regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by Jun Chen, Shaohui Jia, Xinxuan Xue, Chenggeng Guo, Kunwei Dong

“…The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) is a key pattern recognition receptor in the innate immune system. Its overactivation leads to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-18, which contribute to the development and progression of various diseases. …”
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Interferon-gamma rescues dendritic cell calcineurin-dependent responses to Aspergillus fumigatus via Stat3 to Stat1 switching by Amit Adlakha, Thomas J. Williams, Xinxin Shou, Anna K. Reed, Boris Lenhard, Darius Armstrong-James

“…We previously identified a role for the calcineurin pathway in innate immune responses to A. fumigatus and have used exogenous interferon-gamma successfully to treat aspergillosis in this setting. …”
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BCG-Induced Trained Immunity in Healthy Individuals: The Effect of Plasma Muramyl Dipeptide Concentrations by Vera P. Mourits, Valerie A. C. M. Koeken, L. Charlotte J. de Bree, Simone J. C. F. M. Moorlag, Wern Cui Chu, Xiaoli Xu, Helga Dijkstra, Heidi Lemmers, Leo A. B. Joosten, Yue Wang, Reinout van Crevel, Mihai G. Netea

“…BCG-induced nonspecific protection is, at least partially, mediated by innate immune reprogramming (trained immunity), which can be induced by the muramyl dipeptide (MDP) component of peptidoglycans. …”
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What’s in a name? Memory NK cells for cancer immunotherapy by William J Murphy, Robert J Canter, Sean J Judge, Megan C Purl

“…The discovery that natural killer (NK) cells can retain features of “memory” from previous stimulation and pathogen exposure was a landmark advance highlighting one of many ways in which NK cells of the innate immune system resemble T cells of the adaptive immune system. …”
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Dysregulated Functions of Lung Macrophage Populations in COPD by Theodore S. Kapellos, Kevin Bassler, Anna C. Aschenbrenner, Wataru Fujii, Joachim L. Schultze

“…Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a diverse respiratory disease characterised by bronchiolitis, small airway obstruction, and emphysema. Innate immune cells play a pivotal role in the disease’s progression, and in particular, lung macrophages exploit their prevalence and strategic localisation to orchestrate immune responses. …”
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Evolution of Omicron lineage towards increased fitness in the upper respiratory tract in the absence of severe lung pathology by Arthur Wickenhagen, Meaghan Flagg, Julia R. Port, Claude Kwe Yinda, Kerry Goldin, Shane Gallogly, Jonathan E. Schulz, Tessa Lutterman, Brandi N. Williamson, Franziska Kaiser, Reshma K. Mukesh, Sarah van Tol, Brian Smith, Neeltje van Doremalen, Colin A. Russell, Emmie de Wit, Vincent J. Munster

“…We compare in vivo infection in Syrian hamsters with infection in primary human nasal and lung epithelium cells and assess differences in transmissibility, antigenicity, and innate immune activation. Omicron variants replicate efficiently in the URT but display limited pathology in the lungs compared to previous variants and fail to replicate in human lung organoids. …”
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Within-host evolution of a transcriptional regulator contributes to the establishment of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection by Ning Zhou, Jingchen Yu, Xujiao Liu, Chengxi Li, Huang Tang, Lin Lyu, Chengwei Wu, Yana Chen, Jian Zhang, Jinjing Ni, Danni Wang, Jing Tao, Wenjuan Wu, Yu Zhang, Yun Feng, Yanjie Chao, Jie Lu, Ping He, Yu-Feng Yao

“…Overall, the mutation in gavR attenuates P. aeruginosa virulence and enhances innate immune evasion by reprogramming pyruvate metabolism and the glyoxylate cycle. …”
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Serum Calprotectin: An Antimicrobial Peptide as a New Marker For the Diagnosis of Sepsis in Very Low Birth Weight Newborns by Gianluca Terrin, Annalisa Passariello, Francesco Manguso, Gennaro Salvia, Luciano Rapacciuolo, Francesco Messina, Francesco Raimondi, Roberto Berni Canani

“…To determine the diagnostic utility of serum calprotectin, a mediator of innate immune response against infections, we performed a multicenter study involving newborns with a birth weight <1500 g and a postnatal age >72 hours of life. …”
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Role of Mast Cells and Type 2 Innate Lymphoid (ILC2) Cells in Lung Transplantation by Esmaeil Mortaz, Saeede Amani, Sharon Mumby, Ian M. Adcock, Mehrnaz Movassaghi, Jelle Folkerts, Johan Garssen, Gert Folkerts

“…ILC2 cells are a unique population of hematopoietic cells that coordinate the innate immune response against a variety of threats including infection, tissue damage, and homeostatic disruption. …”
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In-Depth Global Analysis of Transcript Abundance Levels in Porcine Alveolar Macrophages Following Infection with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus by Laura C. Miller, John D. Neill, Gregory P. Harhay, Kelly M. Lager, William W. Laegreid, Marcus E. Kehrli

“…The transcriptome data indicated changes in transcript abundance occurring in PRRSV-infected PAMs over time after infection with more than 590 unique tags with significantly altered transcript abundance levels identified (P<.01). Strikingly, innate immune genes (whose transcript abundances are typically altered in response to other pathogens or insults including IL-8, CCL4, and IL-1β) showed no or very little change at any time point following infection.…”
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Loss of Notch dimerization perturbs intestinal homeostasis by a mechanism involving HDAC activity. by Quanhui Dai, Kristina Preusse, Danni Yu, Rhett A Kovall, Konrad Thorner, Xinhua Lin, Raphael Kopan

“…Transcriptomic analysis of colonic spheroids uncovered no evidence of dimer-dependent target gene miss-regulation, confirmed impaired stem cell maintenance in-vitro, and discovered an elevated signature of epithelial innate immune response to symbionts, a likely underlying cause for heightened sensitivity in NDD mice. …”
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A rapid change in virulence gene expression during the transition from the intestinal lumen into tissue promotes systemic dissemination of Salmonella. by Sebastian E Winter, Maria G Winter, Ivan Godinez, Hee-Jeong Yang, Holger Rüssmann, Helene L Andrews-Polymenis, Andreas J Bäumler

“…Collectively, our data point to PAMP repression as a novel pathogenic mechanism to overcome the mucosal barrier through innate immune evasion.…”
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How Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Become Visible by Nicole de Buhr, Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede

“…Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been identified as a fundamental innate immune defense mechanism against different pathogens. …”
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