Rhinovirus-Induced Exacerbations of Asthma and COPD by Marc B. Hershenson

“…Exacerbations due to rhinovirus, which infects relatively few cells in the airway and does not cause the cytotoxicity of other viruses such as influenza or respiratory syncytial virus, are particularly poorly understood. While the innate immune response likely plays a role in rhinovirus-induced exacerbations, its precise role, either adaptive or maladaptive, is debated. …”
Get full text

Single-Cell Transcriptome Analysis Profile of Meniscal Tissue Macrophages in Human Osteoarthritis by Jingbin Zhou, Zhihong Zhao, Chen He, Feng Gao, Yu Guo, Feng Qu, Yujie Liu

“…Unlike rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases, inflammation in OA is chronic and, in relatively low grade, mainly mediated by the innate immune system, especially macrophages. However, due to its low abundance, there is a lack of systematic studies on macrophages in the OA condition. …”
Get full text

Targeting gut microbiota to regulate the adaptive immune response in atherosclerosis by Despina Giakomidi, Despina Giakomidi, Ayoola Ishola, Meritxell Nus, Meritxell Nus

“…Whilst existing research extensively explores the impact of the microbiome on the innate immune system, only a handful of studies have explored the regulatory capacity of the microbiome on the adaptive immune system to modulate atherogenesis. …”
Get full text

Stat92E Signaling Following Pre-exposure to Ethanol by Alexandria Wilson, Erica M Periandri, Mackenzie Sievers, Emily Petruccelli

“…Recent animal model research has implicated changes in the conserved JAK/STAT pathway, a signaling pathway classically associated with development and the innate immune system. How ethanol exposure impacts STAT signaling within neural cells is currently unclear. …”
Get full text

The Contribution of the Airway Epithelial Cell to Host Defense by Frauke Stanke

“…This review describes how the epithelial cell senses the presence of pathogens and inflammatory conditions, which, in turn, facilitates the activation of CFTR and thus directly promotes pathogens clearance and innate immune defense on the surface of the epithelial cell. …”
Get full text

Importance of Lipopolysaccharide and Cyclic β-1,2-Glucans in Brucella-Mammalian Infections by Andreas F. Haag, Kamila K. Myka, Markus F. F. Arnold, Paola Caro-Hernández, Gail P. Ferguson

“…Brucella lipopolysaccharide (LPS), unlike Escherichia coli LPS, does not trigger the host's innate immune system. Brucella produces cyclic β-1,2-glucans, which are important for targeting them to their replicative niche in the endoplasmic reticulum within the host cell. …”
Get full text

Heat Shock Proteins in Tendinopathy: Novel Molecular Regulators by Neal L. Millar, George A. C. Murrell

“…Heat shock proteins, also called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), are rapidly released following nonprogrammed cell death, are key effectors of the innate immune system, and critically restore homeostasis by promoting the reconstruction of the effected tissue. …”
Get full text

Terminal Complement Pathway Deficiency in an Adult Patient with Meningococcal Sepsis by F. Staels, W. Meersseman, P. Stordeur, K. Willekens, S. Van Loo, A. Corveleyn, I. Meyts, G. Meyfroidt, R. Schrijvers

“…The complement system is an essential part of our innate immune system. Three enzymatic activation pathways are described, all converging into a common terminal pathway which causes lysis of the target cell. …”
Get full text

Genetic Diversity of Toll-Like Receptors and Immunity to M. leprae Infection by Bryan E. Hart, Richard I. Tapping

“…Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have emerged as an essential family of innate immune pattern recognition receptors which play a pivotal role in host defense against microbes, including pathogenic strains of mycobacteria. …”
Get full text

Evidence for a Potential Role of Metallothioneins in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases by Anouk Waeytens, Martine De Vos, Debby Laukens

“…Recent studies underscore the importance of the damaged epithelial barrier and the dysregulated innate immune system in their pathogenesis. …”
Get full text

Ubiquitination of CD47 Regulates Innate Anti‐Tumor Immune Response by Qian Gou, Bingjun Yan, Yalan Duan, Yilei Guo, Jing Qian, Juanjuan Shi, Yongzhong Hou

“…Abstract In addition to adaptive immune checkpoint of PD‐1/PD‐L1, the innate immune checkpoint SIRPα/CD47 plays an important role in regulation of tumor immune escape. …”
Get full text

A guide to selecting high-performing antibodies for STING1 (Uniprot ID: Q86WV6) for use in western blot, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence [version 2; peer review: 2 appr... by Vera Ruíz Moleón, Carl Laflamme, Kathleen Southern, Riham Ayoubi, Charles Alende, Maryam Fotouhi

“…Stimulator of interferon genes protein (STING1) is an immune adaptor protein which promotes innate immune defense mechanisms against pathogens. To enhance our understanding of STING1-associated disease, it is essential to make high-performing antibodies accessible to the scientific community. …”
Get full text

Targeting Toll-Like Receptors for Treatment of SLE by Christopher G. Horton, Zi-jian Pan, A. Darise Farris

“…Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important innate immune receptors for the identification and clearance of invading pathogens. …”
Get full text

Does Hsp60 Provide a Link between Mitochondrial Stress and Inflammation in Diabetes Mellitus? by Joshua Juwono, Ryan D. Martinus

“…We will examine the links between Hsp60 and cellular anti- and proinflammatory processes and specifically address how Hsp60 appears to affect immune inflammation by at least two different mechanisms: as a ligand for innate immune receptors and as an antigen recognised by adaptive immune receptors. …”
Get full text

Is the Gut Microbiota a New Factor Contributing to Obesity and Its Metabolic Disorders? by Kristina Harris, Amira Kassis, Geneviève Major, Chieh J. Chou

“…The mechanisms by which the gut microbiota affects metabolic diseases are by two major routes: (1) the innate immune response to the structural components of bacteria (e.g., lipopolysaccharide) resulting in inflammation and (2) bacterial metabolites of dietary compounds (e.g., SCFA from fiber), which have biological activities that regulate host functions. …”
Get full text

Platelet signaling in immune landscape: comprehensive mechanism and clinical therapy by Mengyao Yan, Zhe Wang, Zhiwei Qiu, Yimin Cui, Qian Xiang

“…Platelets participate in both the innate immune system (neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs) and Natural Killer (NK) cells and the adaptive immune system (T and B cells). …”
Get full text

A review of gut microbiota as a therapeutic approach for Parkinson’s disease by Debosree Ghosh, Suvendu Ghosh, Madhurima Sharma, Sutapa Datta

“…This, in turn, activates the innate immune system, leading to systemic inflammation, whereas the adaptive immune system responds to bacterial proteins through cross-reactivity with human antigens. …”
Get full text

Host Cell Autophagy in Immune Response to Zoonotic Infections by Panagiotis Skendros, Ioannis Mitroulis

“…The induction of the autophagic machinery by innate immune receptors signaling, such as TLRs, NOD1/2, and p62/SQSTM1 in antigen-presenting cells results in inhibition of survival and elimination of invading pathogens. …”
Get full text

Mycobacterium ulcerans and Mycobacterium marinum: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment by Loh Teng-Hern Tan, Pendru Raghunath, Long Chiau Ming, Jodi Woan-Fei Law

“…Although having common ancestry and highly similar in genetic makeup, M. ulcerans and M. marinum have differential impacts on the host innate immune system. In term pathogenesis, prolonged cell exposure to exotoxin mycolactone produced by M. ulcerans could lead to Buruli ulcer. …”
Get full text

Alphaherpesvirus in Pets and Livestock by Shu-Hui Duan, Ze-Min Li, Xue-Jie Yu, Dan Li

“…During infection, herpesviruses not only stimulate innate immune responses in host cells but also interfere with signaling pathways through specific proteins to achieve immune evasion. …”
Get full text