Role of Mast Cells and Type 2 Innate Lymphoid (ILC2) Cells in Lung Transplantation by Esmaeil Mortaz, Saeede Amani, Sharon Mumby, Ian M. Adcock, Mehrnaz Movassaghi, Jelle Folkerts, Johan Garssen, Gert Folkerts

“…ILC2 cells are a unique population of hematopoietic cells that coordinate the innate immune response against a variety of threats including infection, tissue damage, and homeostatic disruption. …”
Get full text

How Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Become Visible by Nicole de Buhr, Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede

“…Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been identified as a fundamental innate immune defense mechanism against different pathogens. …”
Get full text

SOCS1, a Negative Regulator of Cytokine Signals and TLR Responses, in Human Liver Diseases by Minoru Fujimoto, Tetsuji Naka

“…Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways are strictly coordinated by several mechanisms to regulate adequate innate immune responses. Recent lines of evidence indicate that the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family proteins, originally identified as negative-feedback regulators in cytokine signaling, are involved in the regulation of TLR-mediated immune responses. …”
Get full text

Negative Effects of SIGIRR on TRAF6 Ubiquitination in Acute Lung Injury In Vitro by Feng Tian, Qiang Lu, Jie Lei, Yunfeng Ni, Nianlin Xie, Daixing Zhong, Guang Yang, Shaokui Si, Tao Jiang

“…The current study reveals the molecular mechanisms of the negative regulatory roles of SIGIRR on the innate immune response related to the LPS/TLR-4 signaling pathway and provides evidence for strategies to clinically treat inflammatory diseases.…”
Get full text

Malaria Vaccine Development: Are Bacterial Flagellin Fusion Proteins the Bridge between Mouse and Humans? by Daniel Y. Bargieri, Irene S. Soares, Fabio T. M. Costa, Catarina J. Braga, Luis C. S. Ferreira, Mauricio M. Rodrigues

“…Flagellins activate pathways in the innate immune system of both mice and humans. The recent report of the first Phase I clinical trial of a vaccine containing a Salmonella flagellin as carrier/adjuvant may fuel the use of these proteins in vaccine formulations. …”
Get full text

Biomolecules of the Horseshoe Crab’s Hemolymph: Components of an Ancient Defensive Mechanism and Its Impact on the Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Industry by Md. Ashrafuzzaman, Mamudul Hasan Razu, Nazmir-Nur Showva, Tohmina Afroze Bondhon, Md. Moniruzzaman, Sad Al Rezwan Rahman, Md. Raisul Islam Rabby, Fatema Akter, Mala Khan

“…Without adaptive immunity, invertebrates have evolved innate immune systems that react to antigens on the surfaces of pathogens. …”
Get full text

Macrophages in Tumor Microenvironments and the Progression of Tumors by Ning-Bo Hao, Mu-Han Lü, Ya-Han Fan, Ya-Ling Cao, Zhi-Ren Zhang, Shi-Ming Yang

“…Macrophages are widely distributed innate immune cells that play indispensable roles in the innate and adaptive immune response to pathogens and in-tissue homeostasis. …”
Get full text

PRRSV-2 nsp2 Ignites NLRP3 inflammasome through IKKβ-dependent dispersed trans-Golgi network translocation. by Lujie Zhang, Yanni Gao, Haoran Zhou, Xiao Liang, Xiaolin Jiang, Wenqin Gong, Yangyang Sun, Desheng Zhang, Xianwei Wang, Hans Nauwynck, Juan Bai, Ping Jiang

“…The NLRP3 inflammasome is a fundamental component of the innate immune system, yet its excessive activation is intricately associated with viral pathogenesis. …”
Get full text

Guidance Cue Netrin-1 and the Regulation of Inflammation in Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease by Punithavathi Ranganathan, Riyaz Mohamed, Calpurnia Jayakumar, Ganesan Ramesh

“…A large body of evidence strongly suggests that ischemia reperfusion injury is an inflammatory disease mediated by both adaptive and innate immune systems. Cell migration also plays an important role in embryonic development and inflammation, and this process is highly regulated to ensure tissue homeostasis. …”
Get full text

Regulatory Role of CD4+ T Cells in Myocarditis by Daria Vdovenko, Urs Eriksson

“…In the presence of tissue damage and innate immune activation, however, activated self-antigen-loaded dendritic cells promote CD4+ effector T cell expansion and myocarditis. …”
Get full text

Macrophage Polarisation in the Tumour Microenvironment: Recent Research Advances and Therapeutic Potential of Different Macrophage Reprogramming by Rongqi Guo PhD, Rui Wang PhD, Weisong Zhang PhD, Yangyang Li PhD, Yihao Wang PhD, Hao Wang PhD, Xia Li PhD, Jianxiang Song PhD

“…Background Macrophages are a critical component of the innate immune system, derived from monocytes, with significant roles in anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour activities. …”
Get full text

The Role of Glial Cells in the Pathophysiology of Epilepsy by Filiz Onat, My Andersson, Nihan Çarçak

“…They release gliotransmitters, cytokines, and chemokines that may exacerbate or mitigate seizures. Microglia, the innate immune cells of the CNS, contribute to neuroinflammation, glutamate excitotoxicity, and the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, underscoring their dual role in seizure promotion and protection. …”
Get full text

Viral mimicry evasion: a new role for oncogenic KRAS mutations by Raymond Chen, Aobo He, Daniel D. De Carvalho

“…“Viral mimicry” refers to the induction of an innate immune response and interferon signaling by endogenous stimuli such as double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA). …”
Get full text

Multiple Factors Determine the Oncolytic or Carcinogenic Effects of TLRs Activation in Cancer by Yingxiang Yang, Chengyue Jin, Anthony Yeo, Bo Jin

“…This triggers the innate immune response of the host. The consequent inflammatory cytokine response usually contributes to the elimination of the pathogen. …”
Get full text

Forward programming of hPSCs to neutrophils using chemically defined media by Hayley E. Hall, Xiaoping Bao, Cheng Dong, Xiaojun Lance Lian

“…Abstract Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), the most abundant leukocytes circulating in human blood, are pivotal players in the innate immune system. In recent years, PMNs have gained increasing recognition for their significant involvement in the pathogenesis of a wide array of human diseases, including sepsis, pulmonary conditions, autoimmune disorders, and various cancers. …”
Get full text

Ingested house dust mite favors sensitization to egg white in mice independently of its proteinase activity by Sara Benedé, Leticia Pérez-Rodríguez, David Menchén-Martínez, Elena Molina, Rosina López-Fandiño

“…BackgroundIt is well-documented that house dust mite (HDM) exposure can cause tissue damage and activate innate immune responses. However, its role in promoting gastrointestinal sensitization and allergenicity to food proteins has been relatively unexplored.MethodsThis study investigates the immunostimulatory effects of HDM in a murine model of oral sensitization to egg white (EW) in the absence of exogenous adjuvants. …”
Get full text

Effect of Negative Pressure Therapy on the Inflammatory Response of the Intestinal Microenvironment in a Porcine Septic Model by Kenneth C. Norbury, Mary Pat Moyer

“…We hypothesized that NPT modulates the intestinal microenvironment by mediating the innate immune system. Sepsis was induced in 12 anesthetized female pigs. …”
Get full text

The Role of the Immune System in Huntington’s Disease by Gisa Ellrichmann, Christiane Reick, Carsten Saft, Ralf A. Linker

“…Activation of microglia with expression of proinflammatory cytokines, impaired migration of macrophages, and deposition of complement factors in the striatum indicate an activation of the innate immune system. As part of the adaptive immune system, dendritic cells (DCs) prime T-cell responses secreting inflammatory mediators. …”
Get full text

A Case of Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis and Associated Conjunctivitis Following MMR Vaccine Administration by Hana I. Nazir, Aubrey A. Hess, Abha Soni, Kathryn A. Potter

“…With the COVID-19 pandemic, more adults are receiving the MMR vaccine, as it may enhance innate immune responses against COVID-19 infection. Here, we report a case of LCV and associated conjunctivitis arising in a patient secondary to immunization with the MMR vaccine. …”
Get full text

Nuclear Alarmin Cytokines in Inflammation by Lili Jiang, Yijia Shao, Yao Tian, Changsheng Ouyang, Xiaohua Wang

“…Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are some nonspecific and highly conserved molecular structures of exogenous specific microbial pathogens, whose products can be recognized by pattern recognition receptor (PRR) on innate immune cells and induce an inflammatory response. …”
Get full text