Effects of Microbes on Insect Host Physiology and Behavior Mediated by the Host Immune System by Shan Zhang, Zhengyan Wang, Qiong Luo, Lizhen Zhou, Xin Du, Yonglin Ren

“…Innate immunity is critical for insects to adjust to complicated environments. …”
Get full text

Alternative splicing expands the antiviral IFITM repertoire in Chinese rufous horseshoe bats. by Nelly S C Mak, Jingyan Liu, Dan Zhang, Jordan Taylor, Xiaomeng Li, Kazi Rahman, Feiyu Chen, Siddhartha A K Datta, Kin Kui Lai, Zhengli Shi, Nigel Temperton, Aaron T Irving, Alex A Compton, Richard D Sloan

“…Our study also highlights an example of convergent evolution where species-specific selection pressures led to expansion of the IFITM family through multiple means, underscoring the importance of IFITM diversity as a component of innate immunity.…”
Get full text

Dietary Riboflavin Requirement of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) by Kokila Sanjeewani, Kyeong-Jun Lee

“…This study was conducted to determine the dietary riboflavin requirement and its effects on growth performance, feed utilization, innate immunity, and diet digestibility of Litopenaeus vannamei. …”
Get full text

Identification of Differentially Expressed lncRNAs in a CpG ODN-Activated Macrophage by Ying Zheng, Xi Luo, Zailong Qin, Zhiguang Zhou

“…A macrophage is an important component of innate immunity which can be activated by infection. A series of inflammatory cytokines are produced and released to eliminate pathogens. …”
Get full text

How to Translate Basic Knowledge into Clinical Application of Biologic Therapy in Spondyloarthritis by Chung-Tei Chou

“…The increased Toll-like receptors (TCR) 2 and 4 in the serum, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, or synovial tissues of ankylosing spondyloarthritis (AS) or SpA patients suggest that SpA is highly associated with innate immunity. Any drug including anti-TNFα blocker which can downregulate the TCR, infiltrated neutrophils, or CD163+ macrophages in the synovial tissue is the rationale for the management of SpA. …”
Get full text

RIOK1/2 Negatively Regulates the Antiviral Response by Targeting TBK1 in Yellow Catfish (<i>Pelteobagrus fulvidraco</i>) by Kejun Liu, Jiayang Huang, Yuting Gui, Qian Li, Lei Zhang, Shuting Xiong

“…These results suggest that PfRIOK1 and PfRIOK2 act as negative regulators of the IFN response in yellow catfish, providing new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of fish innate immunity and offering target molecules for molecular design breeding in aquaculture.…”
Get full text

Psychological Stress and the Cutaneous Immune Response: Roles of the HPA Axis and the Sympathetic Nervous System in Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis by Jessica M. F. Hall, desAnges Cruser, Alan Podawiltz, Diana I. Mummert, Harlan Jones, Mark E. Mummert

“…For example, psychological stress has been shown to reduce recovery time of the stratum corneum barrier after its removal (innate immunity) and alters antigen presentation by epidermal Langerhans cells (adaptive immunity). …”
Get full text

Absolute counts of leukocyte subsets in peripheral blood in pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabour rupture of membranes by Ondrej Soucek, Marian Kacerovsky, Ivana Kacerovska Musilova, Jaroslav Stranik, Rudolf Kukla, Radka Bolehovska, Ctirad Andrys

“…However, the presence of IAI did not significantly affect the absolute counts of lymphocytes or their subpopulations.Conclusions The study found that IAI is associated with changes in the absolute counts of leukocytes from the innate immunity compartment in the peripheral blood of women with pregnancies complicated by PPROM. …”
Get full text

Modified vaccinia virus Ankara triggers type I IFN production in murine conventional dendritic cells via a cGAS/STING-mediated cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway. by Peihong Dai, Weiyi Wang, Hua Cao, Francesca Avogadri, Lianpan Dai, Ingo Drexler, Johanna A Joyce, Xiao-Dong Li, Zhijian Chen, Taha Merghoub, Stewart Shuman, Liang Deng

“…Our goal is to understand how MVA modulates innate immunity in dendritic cells (DCs), which can provide insights to vaccine design. …”
Get full text

Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor Is an Inducible Antimicrobial Peptide Expressed in Staphylococcus aureus Endophthalmitis by Victor E. Reviglio, Ruben H. Sambuelli, Alejandra Olmedo, Micaela Falco, Jose Echenique, Terrence P. O'Brien, Irene C. Kuo

“…To our knowledge, this report is the first to demonstrate the presence of SLPI in the inflamed cornea, vitreous, and retina tissues of rat eyes with S. aureus endophthalmitis, suggesting that SLPI has an active role in the innate immunity of the eye. Release of SLPI by inflammatory cells in the anterior and posterior segments may contribute to the host defense response against infectious endophthalmitis.…”
Get full text

AIM2 Mediates Inflammation-Associated Renal Damage in Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Glomerulonephritis by Regulating Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 by Junhui Zhen, Le Zhang, Jiachao Pan, Shumin Ma, Xiaojian Yu, Xiaobo Li, Shijun Chen, Wenjun Du

“…AIM2 plays an important role in innate immunity, but its role in regulating the immune response to hepatitis B virus (HBV) is unknown. …”
Get full text

Enhanced infectivity of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) in arginase-producing bovine monocyte-derived macrophages by Lucas José Barone, Nancy Patricia Cardoso, Florencia Celeste Mansilla, Mariángeles Castillo, Alejandra Victoria Capozzo

“…Macrophages are important cells of the innate immunity that play a major role in Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) pathogenesis. …”
Get full text

Low-Dose Oxygen Enhances Macrophage-Derived Bacterial Clearance following Cigarette Smoke Exposure by William G. Bain, Ashutosh Tripathi, Pooja Mandke, Jonathan H. Gans, Franco R. D’Alessio, Venkataramana K. Sidhaye, Neil R. Aggarwal

“…Patients with COPD frequently suffer disease exacerbations induced by bacterial respiratory infections, suggestive of impaired innate immunity. Low-dose oxygen is a mainstay of therapy during COPD exacerbations; yet we understand little about whether oxygen can modulate the effects of cigarette smoke on lung immunity. …”
Get full text

Resistance mechanisms involved in complex immunity of wheat against rust diseases by E. S. Skolotneva, E. A. Salina

“…The “zigzag” model is described in detail for discussing the molecular bases of plant immunity with key concepts: pathogen-associated molecular patterns triggering innate immunity, ambivalent effectors causing susceptibility, but when interacting with resistance genes, a hypersensitive reaction or alternative defense mechanisms. …”
Get full text

Hemorrhagic Shock Induces a Rapid Transcriptomic Shift of the Immune Balance in Leukocytes after Experimental Multiple Injury by Lisa Debler, Annette Palmer, Sonja Braumüller, Bettina Klohs, Tom Eirik Mollnes, Karlheinz Holzmann, Markus Huber-Lang, Rebecca Halbgebauer

“…After additional HS in PT mice, the gene expression of pathways related to the innate immunity, such as IL-6 production, neutrophil chemotaxis, cell adhesion, and toll-like receptor signaling was upregulated, whereas pathways of the adaptive immune system, such as B- and T-cell activation as well as the MHC class II protein complex, were downregulated. …”
Get full text

Immunological Evaluation for Personalized Interventions in Children with Tuberculosis: Should It Be Routinely Performed? by Laura E. Carreto-Binaghi, Esmeralda Juárez, Silvia Guzmán-Beltrán, María Teresa Herrera, Martha Torres, Alejandro Alejandre, José Arturo Martínez-Orozco, Eduardo Becerril-Vargas, Yolanda Gonzalez

“…We assessed the functionality of several innate immunity receptors, IL-12 receptor, and IFN-γ receptor, as well as the antioxidant levels (glutathione), which are essential mechanisms for fighting intracellular pathogens such as M. tuberculosis. …”
Get full text

Multiple Immunosuppressive Effects of CpG-c41 on Intracellular TLR-Mediated Inflammation by Wancheng Liu, Xuejiao Yang, Ning Wang, Shijun Fan, Yuanfeng Zhu, Xinchuan Zheng, Yan Li

“…Taken together, these results suggest that CpG-c41 disrupts various aspects of intracellular TLR activation and provides a deeper insight into the regulation of innate immunity.…”
Get full text

Interruption of mitochondrial symbiosis is associated with the development of osteoporosis by Haoling Zhang, Haoling Zhang, Haoling Zhang, Rui Zhao, Xuemei Wang, Yaqian Qi, Doblin Sandai, Wei Wang, Zhijing Song, Zhijing Song, Qiudong Liang

“…Nevertheless, the controlled release of mitochondrial components into the cytoplasm can initiate cell death, activate innate immunity, and provoke inflammation. This selective interruption of endosymbiosis as early as 2 billion years ago allowed mitochondria to become intracellular signaling hubs. …”
Get full text

The viral and cellular microRNA targetome in lymphoblastoid cell lines. by Rebecca L Skalsky, David L Corcoran, Eva Gottwein, Christopher L Frank, Dong Kang, Markus Hafner, Jeffrey D Nusbaum, Regina Feederle, Henri-Jacques Delecluse, Micah A Luftig, Thomas Tuschl, Uwe Ohler, Bryan R Cullen

“…Furthermore, targets of EBV miRNAs are involved in multiple cellular processes that are directly relevant to viral infection, including innate immunity, cell survival, and cell proliferation. …”
Get full text

Blood transcriptome resources of chinstrap () and gentoo () penguins from the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica by Bo-Mi Kim, Jihye Jeong, Euna Jo, Do-Hwan Ahn, Jeong-Hoon Kim, Jae-Sung Rhee, Hyun Park

“…In the blood transcriptomes, KEGG analyses detected many essential genes involved in the major innate immunity pathways, which are key metabolic pathways for maintaining homeostasis against exogenous infections or toxins. …”
Get full text