Submucosal esophageal abscess evolved from a peritonsillar abscess diagnosed using esophagogastroduodenoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography: A case report by Kazuhiro Yoshinaga, Tetsuo Watanabe, Kota Hiraoka, Takashi Hirano, Masashi Suzuki

“…Her abscess spontaneously drained, and blood tests showed improved inflammatory response, indicated by the white blood cell count and C-reactive protein concentration. …”
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Warm and humid environment induces gut microbiota dysbiosis and bacterial translocation leading to inflammatory state and promotes proliferation and biofilm formation of certain ba... by Yinrui Guo, Jianlang He, Shaojie Li, Shiqi Zou, Haiting Zhang, Xin Yang, Jian Wang

“…In the model group, fungal translocation was observed, potentially triggering an inflammatory response. Intraperitoneal injections of various bacterial strains in mice reproduced the sticky stool characteristics. …”
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Effect of Hemoadsorption for Cytokine Removal in Pneumococcal and Meningococcal Sepsis by Francesca Leonardis, Viviana De Angelis, Francesca Frisardi, Chiara Pietrafitta, Ivano Riva, Tino Martino Valetti, Valentina Broletti, Gianmariano Marchesi, Lorenza Menato, Roberto Nani, Franco Marson, Mirca Fabbris, Luca Cabrini, Sergio Colombo, Alberto Zangrillo, Carlo Coniglio, Giovanni Gordini, Lucia Stalteri, Giovanni Giuliani, Vittorio Dalmastri, Gaetano La Manna

“…Both conditions are characterized by an impressive inflammatory response, resulting rapidly in cerebral edema, infarction, hydrocephalus, and septic shock with multiple organ failure. …”
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Selected Mechanisms of Action of Bacteriophages in Bacterial Infections in Animals by Renata Urban-Chmiel, Ewelina Pyzik

“…They can therefore have a profound impact on the course of bacterial infections by stimulating and at the same time inhibiting the systemic pro-inflammatory response. This review article presents a characterization of the processes by which bacteriophages affect selected immune mechanisms in selected animal species. …”
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Delirium Accompanied by Cholinergic Deficiency and Organ Failure in a 73-Year-Old Critically Ill Patient: Physostigmine as a Therapeutic Option by Benedikt Zujalovic, Eberhard Barth

“…., heart and kidneys) and the inflammatory response too. This perception might explain that delirium is not an individual symptom, but rather a part of a symptom complex with various disorders of the whole organism. …”
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Type 2 Diabetes, PUFAs, and Vitamin D: Their Relation to Inflammation by Ana L. Guadarrama-López, Roxana Valdés-Ramos, Beatríz E. Martínez-Carrillo

“…In conclusion, certain fatty acids in the adequate proportion as well as 25-hydroxivitamin D can modulate the inflammatory response in diabetic people, modifying the evolution of this disease.…”
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Therapeutic Applicability of Anti-Inflammatory and Proresolving Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-Derived Lipid Mediators by Gerard L. Bannenberg

“…The enzymatic oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by lipoxygenases and cyclo-oxygenases is a resourceful mode of formation of specific autacoids that regulate the extent and pace of the inflammatory response. Arachidonate-derived eicosanoids, such as lipoxin A4, prostaglandin (PG)D2, PGF2α, PGE2, and PGD2-derived cyclopentenones exert specific roles in counter-regulating inflammation and turning on resolution. …”
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Mast Cell Activation Syndrome in COVID-19 and Female Reproductive Function: Theoretical Background vs. Accumulating Clinical Evidence by Dariusz Szukiewicz, Piotr Wojdasiewicz, Mateusz Watroba, Grzegorz Szewczyk

“…The multisystem inflammatory response in COVID-19 shows many analogies with mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS), and MCAS may be an important component in the course of COVID-19. …”
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The Pathophysiological Relationship Between Migraine and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Comprehensive Literature Review by Noor Elkurwi, Qabas Elkurwi

“…COVID-19 causes an increase in nod-like receptor protein 3, which causes the production of IL-1β and again induces an inflammatory response. This review article looks at the mechanisms of migraine and COVID-19, and tries to link a common pathophysiological pathway between the two. …”
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Identification of hub genes and pathogenesis in Kawasaki disease based on bioinformatics analysis by Min Cao, Zhenhu Zhang, Qian Liu, Yuda Zhang

“…Conclusions: These 13 key genes may mediate the occurrence and development of KD through various processes such as immune regulation, inflammatory response, glucose metabolism, autophagy, and apoptosis, which provide valuable references for the diagnosis and treatment of KD.…”
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Recent Advances in Pathogenesis and Anticoagulation Treatment of Sepsis-Induced Coagulopathy by Man C, An Y, Wang GX, Mao EQ, Ma L

“…Although immunothrombosis is necessary for infection control, excessive thrombus formation can trigger a systemic thrombo-inflammatory response. Immunothrombosis plays a core role in sepsis-induced coagulopathy, and research has revealed a complex interplay between inflammation and coagulation. …”
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Calotropis procera Latex-Induced Inflammatory Hyperalgesia—Effect of Antiinflammatory Drugs by Raman Sehgal, Vijay L. Kumar

“…In the present study we have evaluated the antiedematous and analgesic activity of antiinflammatory drugs against inflammatory response induced by dried latex (DL) of C procera in rat paw edema model. …”
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The Role of Pseudocereals in Celiac Disease: Reducing Nutritional Deficiencies to Improve Well-Being and Health by Carolina Caeiro, Caroline Pragosa, Marisa Carreira Cruz, Cidália Daniela Pereira, Sónia Gonçalves Pereira

“…Celiac disease or gluten-dependent enteropathy is a chronic autoimmune pathology triggered by dietary gluten in genetic predisposed individuals, mediated by transglutaminase 2 IgA autoantibodies and associated with a deteriorating immune and inflammatory response. This leads to intestinal villous atrophy, impairing the intestinal mucosa structure and function of secretion, digestion, and absorption. …”
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How Bacteria-Induced Apoptosis of Intestinal Epithelial Cells Contributes to Mucosal Inflammation by Martin Hausmann

“…Apoptotic deletion of epithelial cells from the intact intestinal mucosa is not accompanied by detectable inflammatory response or loss of barrier function. But increased permeability of the epithelial barrier and increased apoptotic rates of epithelial cells have been reported for patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease. …”
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Surveillance, Phagocytosis, and Inflammation: How Never-Resting Microglia Influence Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis by Amanda Sierra, Sol Beccari, Irune Diaz-Aparicio, Juan M. Encinas, Samuel Comeau, Marie-Ève Tremblay

“…Microglia cells are the major orchestrator of the brain inflammatory response. As such, they are traditionally studied in various contexts of trauma, injury, and disease, where they are well-known for regulating a wide range of physiological processes by their release of proinflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and trophic factors, among other crucial mediators. …”
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Roles of Cells from the Arterial Vessel Wall in Atherosclerosis by Di Wang, Zhiyan Wang, Lili Zhang, Yi Wang

“…Accumulating evidence indicates that different cells from the tunica intima, media, adventitia, and perivascular adipose tissue not only comprise the intact and normal arterial vessel wall but also participate all in the inflammatory response of atherosclerosis via multiple intricate pathways. …”
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Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in lung transplantation: a facilitator of rejection or regulator of tolerance? by Alexander N. Wein, Charles R. Liu, Daniel Kreisel, Daniel Kreisel

“…Early studies in a rat pulmonary transplant model suggested BALT may accelerate rejection of grafts by inducing a local and systemic inflammatory response. Such observations were corroborated in intrapulmonary tracheal transplant models in the rat. …”
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PPARγ in Bacterial Infections: A Friend or Foe? by Aravind T. Reddy, Sowmya P. Lakshmi, Raju C. Reddy

“…Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is now recognized as an important modulator of leukocyte inflammatory responses and function. Its immunoregulatory function has been studied in a variety of contexts, including bacterial infections of the lungs and central nervous system, sepsis, and conditions such as chronic granulomatous disease. …”
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Spontaneous Renal Artery Dissection in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Potential Danger of Cytokine Storm by Jitendra Parmar, Tapan Patel, Sandip Shah, Jay Kothari, Sameer Dani, Sagar Vyas

“…Hyperinflammation is a continuum of host’s exaggerated inflammatory response representing cytokine dysregulation/storm which produces coagulopathy and vascular endothelial dysfunction, apart from a prothrombotic state. …”
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Role of microglia in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and links to immunomodulatory therapy by P. Valiukevičius, R. Liutkevičienė, R. Balnytė

“…Many of the disease-modifying drugs used to treat multiple sclerosis also affect microglial cells and inhibit their inflammatory response. Currently, new drugs are being researched that could be used to treat multiple sclerosis promoting the transition of microglia to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. …”
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