Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Carriage is a Protective Factor of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Nasal Colonization in HIV-Infected Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study by Ying Li, Jialing Lin, Linghua Li, Weiping Cai, Jiaping Ye, Suiping He, Wencui Zhang, Ning Liu, Zijun Gong, Xiaohua Ye, Zhenjiang Yao

“…Results. Among the 1001 HIV-infected patients, a total of 119 (11.89%) participants were positive for MRSA, and 34.45% (41/119) of all MRSA carriers were positive for MRCoNS. …”
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Prevalence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Isolates, and Associated Factors of Urinary Tract Infections among HIV‐Positive Patients at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia by Dadi Marami, Senthilkumar Balakrishnan, Berhanu Seyoum

“…Urinary tract infection remains a major public health problem in developing countries, where there are limited health-care services. …”
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Leveraging the McGeer Criteria to Estimate the Frequency of Inappropriate Antibiotic Prescribing for Urinary and Respiratory Tract Infections Relative to the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic at a Skilled Nursing Facility by Paulina M. Colombo, Ferris A. Ramadan, Dilsharan Kaur, Darunee Armenta, Peter P. Patterson, Katherine D. Ellingson

“…This study aimed to (1) assess the appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions for urinary tract infections (UTIs) and respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and identify predictors of inappropriate use; (2) analyze changes in prescribing practices relative to the pandemic’s onset. …”
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The transcriptional analysis of pepper shed light on a proviral role of light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein 13 during infection of pepper mild mottle virus by Weihong Lin, Shugen Zhang, Hao Zhang, Xiaomei Deng, Tong Jiang, Xifeng Chen, Laihua Dong, Qin Yan, Lianyi Zang, Yongping Xing, Zhenquan Wang, Qin Zhang, Kaitong Du, Huolin Shen, Junmin Zhang, Tao Zhou

“…Despite its impact, the pathogenicity mechanisms of PMMoV and the pepper plant’s response to infection remain poorly understood. Here, we compared the transcriptomic changes in a susceptible pepper inbred line 21C241 with a resistant inbred line 21C385 seedlings, following systemic PMMoV infection using RNA sequencing. …”
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IL-17A and Th17 Cells in Lung Inflammation: An Update on the Role of Th17 Cell Differentiation and IL-17R Signaling in Host Defense against Infection by Hsing-Chuan Tsai, Sharlene Velichko, Li-Yin Hung, Reen Wu

“…The significance of Th17 cells and interleukin- (IL-)17A signaling in host defense and disease development has been demonstrated in various infection and autoimmune models. Numerous studies have indicated that Th17 cells and its signature cytokine IL-17A are critical to the airway’s immune response against various bacteria and fungal infection. …”
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Development of a differentiating of infected from vaccinated animal (DIVA) ELISA to detect antibodies against Senecavirus A in pigs using two expression systems of non-structural proteins by Parin Watcharavongtip, Patumporn Jermsutjarit, Angkana Tantituvanont, Dachrit Nilubol

“…A diagnostic ELISA based on a non-structural viral protein has been developed, capable of distinguishing infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). Different expression systems (eukaryotic and prokaryotic) were used to express recombinant proteins. …”
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Expression of Proinflammatory and Regulatory Cytokines via NF-κB and MAPK-Dependent and IFN Regulatory Factor-3-Independent Mechanisms in Human Primary Monocytes Infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Elena Giacomini, Maria Elena Remoli, Marta Scandurra, Valérie Gafa, Manuela Pardini, Lanfranco Fattorini, Eliana M. Coccia

“…To this aim, the regulation and the expression of regulatory and proinflammatory cytokines were investigated in human primary monocytes upon Mtb infection. We found that Mtb-infected monocytes preferentially express a proinflammatory cytokine profile, including IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. …”
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Rapid Quantification of Bacteria in Infected Root Canals Using Fluorescence Reagents and a Membrane Filter: A Pilot Study on Its Clinical Application to the Evaluation of the Outcomes of Endodontic Treatment by Takuichi Sato, Keiko Yamaki, Naoko Ishida, Megumi Shoji, Emika Sato, Yuki Abiko, Kazuhiro Hashimoto, Yasuhisa Takeuchi, Junko Matsuyama, Hidetoshi Shimauchi, Nobuhiro Takahashi

“…Methods. Six infected root canals with periapical lesions from 5 subjects were included. …”
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The impact of an integrated intervention program combining drug therapy with water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) education on reinfection with intestinal parasitic infections among the Karen hill tribe in northern Thailand by Woottichai Nachaiwieng, Sangob Sanit, Nattharinee Kongta, Jassada Saingamsook, Suwit Duangmano, Sakorn Pornprasert, Pradya Somboon, Jintana Yanola

Subjects: “…Intestinal parasitic infections…”
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Serological Diagnosis of <i>Brucella</i> Infection in Cetaceans by Rapid Serum Agglutination Test and Competitive ELISA with <i>Brucella abortus</i> and <i>Brucella ceti</i> as Antigens by Tiziana Di Febo, Gabriella Di Francesco, Carla Grattarola, Luigina Sonsini, Ludovica Di Renzo, Giuseppe Lucifora, Roberto Puleio, Cristina Esmeralda Di Francesco, Camilla Smoglica, Giovanni Di Guardo, Manuela Tittarelli

“…Results obtained from the two tests were compared in order to identify the most suitable antigen for the serological diagnosis of <i>Brucella</i> infection in cetaceans. The RBT performed with the “homologous” antigen showed the best results in comparison with the “heterologous” antigen: diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 80.0%, 44.1%, and 46.9% for the “homologous” antigen and 80.0%, 17.0%, and 21.9% for the “heterologous” antigen. …”
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Use of a Launderable Bed Barrier and Antibiotic Stewardship to Decrease Hospital Onset _Clostridioides difficile_ Infections in an Acute Care Hospital: A Retrospective Pre/Post Case Study by Edmond A. Hooker, Peter J. Mallow, Christine McKinney, Martin L. Gnoni, Francisco Fernandez Gonzales

“…**Background:** Hospital-onset _Clostridioides difficile_ infection (HO-CDI) is a major source of morbidity and mortality. …”
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Protective and immunomodulatory effects of the novel probiotic yeast Pichia kudriavzevii isolated from a home-made kefir during infection in human colon epithelial cells: An exploratory study by Angela Maione, Marianna Imparato, Annalisa Buonanno, Marilena Galdiero, Elisabetta de Alteriis, Marco Guida, Emilia Galdiero

“…In this study we aimed to explore the protective effects of a probiotic yeast Pichia kudriavzevii (Y1) and its cell-free supernatant (CFS-Y1) during infection simulated in vitro using Caco-2 cells. Results showed that both live P. kudriavzevii and CFS-Y1 effectively decreased Salmonella spp. adhesion and invasion, in competition, inhibition and displacement assays, displaying the most potent inhibitory effects when Caco-2 cells were preincubated with Y1/ CFS-Y1 at different concentrations and then bacteria were added for an additional time. …”
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Locking compression plate as a sequential external fixator following the distraction phase for the treatment of tibial bone defects caused by fracture-related infection: experiences from 22 cases by Xiriaili Kadier, Kai Liu, Aierbanjiang Shali, Yimurang Hamiti, Sulong Wang, Xin Yang, Alimu Keremu, Aihemaitijiang Yusufu

“…Complications were observed in 6 patients (27.2%), including joint stiffness (n = 3), pin-track infection (n = 3), and refracture (n = 1). All complications were successfully managed. …”
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Combination of Human Leukocyte Antigen and Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor Genetic Background Influences the Onset Age of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Male Patients with Hepatitis B Virus Infection by Ning Pan, Jie Qiu, Hang Sun, Fengqin Miao, Qian Shi, Jinhuan Xu, Wei Jiang, Hui Jin, Wei Xie, Youji He, Jianqiong Zhang

“…We conclude that KIR and HLA genetic background can influence the onset age of HCC in male patients with HBV infection. This study may be useful to improve the current HCC surveillance program in HBV-infected patients. …”
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Neospora caninum infection specifically suppresses the expression of a host lncRNA XR_001919077.1 to facilitate parasite propagation by modulating host cell mitochondrial function and autophagy by Shan-Shan Zhao, De-Liang Tao, Jin-Ming Chen, Ming-Yi Zhang, Xin Yang, Jun-Ke Song, Qun Liu, Guang-Hui Zhao

“…However, due to a poor understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of N. caninum infection, no effective drugs and vaccines are currently available. …”
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Rates of Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections in Hospitalized Non-Immunocompromised Pediatric Patients: A 9-Year Retrospective Study at a Lebanese Tertiary Medical Center by Zakhour R, Khafaja S, Korman R, Boutros CF, El Zein Z, Chmaisse A, Haj M, Haddara A, El-Houry Z, Jbahi M, Chamseddine S, Bou Karroum S, Al Oweini D, Youssef YS, Youssef N, Nasser M, Fayad D, Abi Farraj F, El Nakib C, Isaac I, Lteif M, Araj GF, Dbaibo GS

“…Infection and Drug Resistance…”
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The effectiveness of methanol extract and fractinations fromleaves of mangroveSonneratia albaand Bruguiera gymnorrhizafor the prevention of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon by Muliani, Muliani, Endang Susianingsih

“…ABSTRACT   The experiment aimed to determine the effectiveness of mangrove leaves (Sonneratia alba and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) extracts for prevention of WSSV infection in black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Mangrove leaves (S.alba and B. gymnorrhiza) were taken from Maros and Pangkep Regency, respectively. …”
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Correction: Kirkegaard-Biosca et al. Cefiderocol for the Treatment of Infections by VIM-Type-Producing Gram-Negative Bacteria.... by Cristina Kirkegaard-Biosca, Ester del Barrio-Tofiño, Miguel Villamarín, Nieves Larrosa, David Campany, Juan José González-López, Ricard Ferrer, Belén Viñado, Laura Doménech, Julia Sellarès-Nadal, Laura Escolà-Vergé, Nuria Fernández-Hidalgo, Ibai Los-Arcos

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Effects of Soil-Transmitted Helminths and Intestinal Protozoan Infections on Haemoglobin Levels among School-Aged Children in Belo and Bui, North West Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study by Frederick Nchang Cho, Humphrey Ngala Ngala, Ranibell Tung Bongazi, Rogers Sanga Kinsam, Beltha Tahnteng Tata, Desmond Aji, Paulette Ngum Fru, Patrick Kofon Jokwi

“…Soil-transmitted helminths, intestinal protozoan infections, and anaemia are prevalent in the study area. …”
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Enterocytozoon bieneusi Identification Using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism in HIV-Infected Humans from Kinshasa Province of the Democratic Republic of Congo by Roger Wumba, Menotti Jean, Longo-Mbenza Benjamin, Mandina Madone, Kintoki Fabien, Zanga Josué, Sala Jean, Kendjo Eric, Guillo-Olczyk AC, Thellier Marc

“…Detection of microsporidia including E. bieneusi and E. intestinalis was performed in 242 HIV-infected patients. Typing was based on DNA polymorphism of the ribosomal DNA ITS region of E. bieneusi. …”
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