Case report: Single infusion of combined anti-CD20 and anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies in pediatric refractory lupus nephritis by Decimo Silvio Chiarenza, Raul Mancini, Carolina Bigatti, Carolina Bigatti, Gianluca Caridi, Alessandro Consolaro, Alessandro Consolaro, Valentina Natoli, Valentina Natoli, Gabriele Mortari, Xhuliana Kajana, Francesca Lugani, Marco Gattorno, Marco Gattorno, Gian Marco Ghiggeri, Edoardo La Porta, Gabriele Gaggero, Enrico E. Verrina, Andrea Angeletti

“…Lupus nephritis (LN), present in 30%–50% of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, often necessitates standard immunosuppressive therapy (glucocorticoids, MMF, CYC) as suggested by the European League Against Rheumatism/European Renal Association–European Dialysis and Transplant Association (EULAR/ERA-EDTA) and Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines. …”
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Cytokine-armed pyroptosis induces antitumor immunity against diverse types of tumors by Sara Orehek, Taja Železnik Ramuta, Duško Lainšček, Špela Malenšek, Martin Šala, Mojca Benčina, Roman Jerala, Iva Hafner-Bratkovič

“…Careful selection of immunostimulatory molecules is, however, imperative as a combination of IL-1β and IL-18 antagonized the protective effect of pyroptosis by IFNγ-mediated upregulation of several immunosuppressive pathways. Additionally, we show that the intratumoral introduction of armed pyroptosis provides protection against distant tumors and proves effective across various tumor types without inducing systemic inflammation. …”
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Roles for Exosomes in the Pathogenesis, Drug Delivery and Therapy of Psoriasis by Yuchao Chen, Huazhen Liu, Yuming He, Bin Yang, Weihui Lu, Zhenhua Dai

“…Although conventional immunosuppressants can ameliorate psoriatic symptoms, it tends to relapse over time. …”
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Protective Effects of Celastrol on Diabetic Liver Injury via TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Type 2 Diabetic Rats by Li-ping Han, Chun-jun Li, Bei Sun, Yun Xie, Yue Guan, Ze-jun Ma, Li-ming Chen

“…Celastrol is a potent immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory agent. So far, there is no evidence regarding the mechanism of innate immune alterations of celastrol on diabetic liver injury in type 2 diabetic animal models. …”
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Chronic Benign CD8+ Proliferation: A Rare Affection that Can Mimic a Lymphoma Relapse by Marcela Osovská, Andrea Janíková, Leoš Křen, Andrea Marečková

“…It generally occurs in patients with innate or acquired immunodeficiency (HIV+) or in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy. It has been found repeatedly in patients who developed severe hypogammaglobulinemia after treatment with rituximab. …”
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Central nervous system B-cell lymphoma in a patient diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids: A case report by Evangelos Koumasopoulos, Evangelia-Anna Spiteri, Aigli G Vakrakou, Panagiotis Toulas, Georgios Velonakis, George Stranjalis, Leonidas Stefanis, Maria-Eleptheria Evangelopoulos, Maria Anagnostouli

“…This is a case presentation of a primary central nervous system B-cell lymphoma in a 69-year-old woman with chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids and chronic immunosuppressive treatment. The patient had been diagnosed as having probable chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids, according to international criteria. …”
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European Guideline on IgG4-related Digestive Disease — UEG and SGF Evidence-based Recommendations by J.-M. Lohr, U. Beuers, M. Vujasinovic, D. Alvaro, J. B. Frøkjær, F. Buttgereit, G. Capurso, E. L. Culver, E. de-Madaria, E. Della-Torre, S. Detlefsen, E. Dominguez-Munoz, P. Czubkowski, N. Ewald, L. Frulloni, N. Gubergrits, D. G. Duman, Th. Hackert, J. Iglesias-Garcia, N. Kartalis, A. Laghi, F. Lammert, F. Lindgren, A. Okhlobystin, G. Oracz, A. Parniczky, R. M. P. Mucelli, V. Rebours, J. Rosendahl, N. Schleinitz, A. Schneider, E. FH van Bommel, C. S. Verbeke, M. P. Vullierme, H. Witt, the UEG guideline working group

“…If the disease relapsed during the 3 months of treatment, immunosuppressive drugs should be added.…”
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Absence of mTOR Inhibitor Effect on Hepatic Cyst Growth: A Case Report of a Kidney Transplant Recipient with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease by L. Friedrich, F. Barbey, M. Pascual, J.-P. Venetz

“…The interest of our case resides in the followup by MRI imaging during the mTOR inhibitor treatment and 15 months after the restart of the initial immunosuppressive therapy. This observation indicates that mTOR inhibitors did not have significant effect on cyst-associated hepatic growth in our patient, which is consistent with some results of recent large clinical studies.…”
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Benzylthiouracil-Induced Glomerulonephritis by Sihem Trimeche Ajmi, Rim Braham, Sarra Toumi, Molka Chadli Chaieb, Amel Maaroufi, Koussay Ach, Larbi Chaieb

“…The drug was therefore discontinued and the patient was treated with steroids and immunosuppressive treatment during 3 months. Renal failure, proteinuria and haematuria significantly improved within 2 months. …”
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Long-Term Safety of Transplanting Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells into the Extravascular Spaces of the Choroid of Rabbits by Adi Tzameret, Sapir E. Kalish, Ifat Sher, Lea Twito, Amilia Meir, Itay Levy, Shlomo Margel, Iris Moroz, Mordechai Rosner, Avraham J. Treves, Arnon Nagler, Michael Belkin, Ygal Rotenstreich

“…Here, we transplanted hBMSCs into the EVSC compartment of New Zealand White rabbits. No immunosuppressants were used. Transplanted cells were spread across the EVSC covering over 80 percent of the subretinal surface. …”
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Multifunctional biosynthesized magnetosome for multimodal imaging and combined therapy of tumor by Xiaoqing Han, Xingbo Wang, Jiao Yan, Panpan Song, Yanjing Wang, Yaqing Kang, Abdur Rauf, Haiyuan Zhang

“…This study provides a new approach for reversing the activity of tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment and strengthening the efficiency of tumor photoimmunotherapy.…”
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CD133+PD-L1+ cancer cells confer resistance to adoptively transferred engineered macrophage-based therapy in melanoma by Jiaojiao Xu, Zhe Li, Qinli Tong, Sihang Zhang, Jianchen Fang, Aihua Wu, Guoguang Wei, Chen Zhang, Sheng Yu, Binbin Zheng, Hongzheng Lin, Xueling Liao, Zeyu Xiao, Wei Lu

“…Compared to the CD133-PD-L1- cancer cells, the CD133+PD-L1+ cancer cells express higher transforming growth factor-β signaling molecules to foster a resistant tumor niche, that restricts the trafficking of the transferred macrophages by stiffened extracellular matrix, and inhibits their cell-killing capability by immunosuppressive factors. The CD133+PD-L1+ cancer cells exhibit tumorigenic potential. …”
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Intravenous Administration of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induces a Switch from Classical to Atypical Symptoms in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Mónica Kurte, Javiera Bravo-Alegría, Alexander Torres, Vania Carrasco, Cristina Ibáñez, Ana María Vega-Letter, Catalina Fernández-O’Ryan, Carlos E. Irarrázabal, Fernando E. Figueroa, Rodrigo A. Fuentealba, Claudia Riedel, Flavio Carrión

“…Potent immunosuppressive and regenerative properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) position them as a novel therapy for autoimmune diseases. …”
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Therapy-induced senescent cancer cells contribute to cancer progression by promoting ribophorin 1-dependent PD-L1 upregulation by Hyun Jung Hwang, Donghee Kang, Jisoo Shin, Jonghun Jung, Soyeon Ko, Kyung Hee Jung, Soon-Sun Hong, Ji Eun Park, Myung Jin Oh, Hyun Joo An, Wen-Hao Yang, Young-Gyu Ko, Jong-Ho Cha, Jae-Seon Lee

“…Abstract Conventional chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced cancer senescence, which is characterized by poor proliferation, drug resistance, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype, has gained attention as contributing to cancer relapse and the development of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. However, the association between cancer senescence and anti-tumor immunity is not fully understood. …”
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Mechanistic insights into the role of traditional Chinese medicine in treating gastric cancer by Ziqiang Chen, Ting Yu, Yunhe Wang, Jiaxin Li, Bo Zhang, Liya Zhou

“…Furthermore, TCM modulates the immune microenvironment by enhancing the activity of effector immune cells such as CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells while reducing immunosuppressive cells like regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). …”
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A Comprehensive Review of the Diversity of Fungal Secondary Metabolites and Their Emerging Applications in Healthcare and Environment by Khushbu Wadhwa, Neha Kapoor, Hardeep Kaur, Eman A. Abu-Seer, Mohd. Tariq, Sazada Siddiqui, Virendra Kumar Yadav, Parwiz Niazi, Pankaj Kumar, Saad Alghamdi

“…In healthcare, it is being used as an antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive drug. The usage of modern tools of biotechnology can achieve an increase in demand for these SMs and large-scale production. …”
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Sintilimab for treating progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy caused by human polyomavirus 2 virus infection following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: a case re... by Xuelian Jin, Xushu Zhong, Qinyu Liu, Xinchuan Chen

“…Therapeutic strategies involve restoring immune function and/or discontinuing immunosuppressive treatment. Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as those targeting programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) can alleviate PML by restoring T cell function. …”
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Effects of Storage Temperature and Time on Stability of Serum Tacrolimus and Cyclosporine A Levels in Whole Blood by LC-MS/MS by İbrahim Kaplan, Hatice Yüksel, Osman Evliyaoğlu, M. Kemal Basarali, Gülten Toprak, Leyla Çolpan, Velat Şen

“…Tacrolimus and cyclosporine A are immunosuppressant drugs with narrow therapeutic windows. …”
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Engineered macrophage nanoparticles enhance microwave ablation efficacy in osteosarcoma via targeting the CD47-SIRPα Axis: A novel Biomimetic immunotherapeutic approach by Xiongfa Ji, Xin Qian, Guowen Luo, Wenjie Yang, Wenhan Huang, Zehua Lei, Jiaqi Zhou, Guoqing Zhong, Jielong Zhou, Nan Liu, Limin Ma, Mei Li, Xiangmei Liu, Shuilin Wu, Yu Zhang

“…It is of critical importance to note that the enhancement of SIRPα on the nanoparticle surface actively targets and binds CD47 of tumor cells, thereby disrupting the ''don't-eat-me'' signal and effectively countering the immunosuppressive tumor environment. This action restores macrophage phagocytosis with M1 polarization, triggering potent immune responses. …”
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Perspectives and Limitations of Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Based Therapy for Corneal Injuries and Retinal Diseases by Barbora Hermankova, Eliska Javorkova, Katerina Palacka, Vladimir Holan

“…This protection is ensured by the production of a variety of immunosuppressive molecules, which create the immune privilege of the eye. …”
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