The liver’s dilemma: sensing real danger in a sea of PAMPs: the (arterial) sinusoidal segment theory by Andrea Henriques-Pons, Natália Vacani-Martins, Carina de Lima Pereira dos Santos, Marcelo Meuser-Batista

“…Then, in the portal triad, where the hepatic artery ramificates into the stroma and carries arterial blood with no gut-derived PAMPs, there is no evolutive or environmental pressure for immunosuppressive pathways, and conventional immunological danger recognition could occur. …”
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Improving dexamethasone drug loading and efficacy in treating rheumatoid arthritis via liposome: Focusing on inflammation and molecular mechanisms by Mohammad Yasin Zamanian, Hamidreza Zafari, Maria K. Osminina, Alla A. Skakodub, Raed Fanoukh Aboqader Al‐Aouadi, Maryam Golmohammadi, Nikta Nikbakht, Iman Fatemi

“…Dexamethasone (DEX) is a potent glucocorticoid used to treat RA due to its anti‐inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Liposomal delivery of DEX, particularly when liposomes are surface‐modified with targeting ligands like peptides or sialic acid, can improve drug efficacy by enhancing its distribution to inflamed joints and minimizing toxicity. …”
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Efficacy and safety of avacopan in antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated vasculitis: a retrospective cohort study in Japan by Genri Tagami, Makoto Yamaguchi, Hirokazu Sugiyama, Hiroshi Kinashi, Kentaro Imai, Keisuke Kamiya, Takayuki Katsuno, Takahiro Imaizumi, Shogo Banno, Yasuhiko Ito, Takuji Ishimoto

“…The median time from initiation of immunosuppressive therapy to the start of avacopan was 12 days (interquartile range, 5–26). …”
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VCP downstream metabolite glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) inhibits CD8+T cells function in the HCC microenvironment by Cheng Cheng, Qingrui Zha, Linmao Sun, Tianming Cui, Xinyu Guo, Changjian Xing, Zhengxiang Chen, Changyong Ji, Shuhang Liang, Shengwei Tao, Junhui Chu, Chenghui Wu, Qi Chu, Xuetian Gu, Ning Zhang, Yumin Fu, Shumin Deng, Yitong Zhu, Jiabei Wang, Yao Liu, Lianxin Liu

“…Our findings reveal that VCP suppresses the activation, expansion, and cytotoxic capacity of CD8+T cells both in vitro and in vivo, significantly contributing to the immunosuppressive nature of the TME. Mechanistically, VCP stabilizes the expression of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1-like protein (GPD1L), leading to the accumulation of glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P), a downstream metabolite of GPD1L. …”
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Prognostic Role of Monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Relation to Different Hematologic Indices by Asmaa M. Zahran, Helal F. Hetta, Zeinab Albadry M. Zahran, Alaa Rashad, Amal Rayan, Dalia O. Mohamed, Zeinab Ahmed Abd Elhameed, Salah M. Khallaf, Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Yasir Waheed, Khalid Muhammad, Hanaa Nafady-Hego

“…Mo-MDSCs represent one of the key mechanisms in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) to play major roles not only in the carcinogenesis of lung cancer but also in disease progression and prognosis and, in addition, predict the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors; our results provided some support to target Mo-MDSCs and needed to be augmented by further studies.…”
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GNA15 predicts poor outcomes as a novel biomarker related to M2 macrophage infiltration in ovarian cancer by Qin Liu, Qin Liu, Yabing Sun, Yabing Sun, Tao Zhang, Wanrun Lin, Jing Zhang, Huijuan Zhang, Huijuan Zhang, Wenxin Zheng, Hong Xu, Hong Xu, Feng Zhou, Feng Zhou

“…Moreover, GNA15 expression correlated positively with CD163 expression, suggesting its role in macrophage polarization.ConclusionGNA15 plays an immunosuppressive role in OC progression linked to M2-like TAMs polarization and stands as a potential prognostic marker in OC.…”
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Presenting as Anorexia Nervosa in a Middle‐Aged Woman: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review by Maen Nizam Baroudi, Anwar I. Joudeh, Mohammed Kays Alattiya, Abdo Qaid Ahmed Lutf, Hassan Abuzaid, Salah Mahdi

“…Conclusions The concurrence of anorexia nervosa with SLE and the complete resolution of anorexia nervosa symptoms with immunosuppressive therapy suggest common autoinflammatory pathogenesis for both conditions. …”
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Rituximab (monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody) induced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES): A case report and literature review by Praveen K. Sharma, MD, Sanjaykanth Balachandar, MBBS, Michael Antony Vikram, MBBS, Pujitha Duvooru Sukumar, MD

“…Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for PRES in patients receiving monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody therapies, immunosuppressants, and corticosteroids, facilitating timely diagnosis and intervention to prevent potentially life-threatening complications. …”
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Effectiveness and Safety of Dupilumab and Tralokinumab for Treating Atopic Dermatitis and Pruritic Skin Disorders in Oncological Patients: A Narrative Review by Lauletta G, Potestio L, Patruno C, De Lucia M, Napolitano M

“…The management of these conditions in patients with a history or with concomitant cancer presents unique challenges, as traditional systemic therapies may pose risks due to their immunosuppressive effects. In recent years, biologic agents such as dupilumab and tralokinumab have emerged as promising treatments for AD, offering targeted modulation of the immune response with potentially fewer systemic side effects. …”
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Azathioprine Hypersensitivity Syndrome during Treatment of Severe Interstitial Lung Disease with Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis by Eri Nakano, Tomohiko Asakawa, Mea Asou, Eri Nohara, Tomoyuki Seki, Makoto Araki

“…The diagnosis of azathioprine hypersensitivity is often delayed because of the difficulty in identifying the relationship between immunosuppressive agents and hypersensitivity and in distinguishing this from infection or relapse of the primary disease. …”
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Synergic Renoprotective Effects of Combined ASC Therapy with RAAS Blockade in Experimental Advanced CKD by Marina P. C. Maires, Krislley R. Pereira, Everidiene K. V. B. Silva, Victor H. R. Souza, Flavio Teles, Paulyana F. Barbosa, Margoth R. Garnica, Felipe M. Ornellas, Irene L. Noronha, Camilla Fanelli

“…The treatments currently employed to control CKD progression are limited and mainly based on the pharmacological inhibition of RAAS, associated with diuretics and immunosuppressive drugs. However, this conservative management promotes only partial deceleration of CKD evolution and does not completely avoid the progression of the disease and the loss of renal function, which motivates the medical and scientific community to investigate new therapeutic approaches to detain renal inflammation/fibrosis and CKD progression. …”
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A literature review of recent advances in gastric cancer treatment: exploring the cross-talk between targeted therapies by Reza Panahizadeh, Padideh Panahi, Vahid Asghariazar, Shima Makaremi, Ghasem Noorkhajavi, Elham Safarzadeh

“…Challenges include resistance mechanisms, immunosuppressive tumor environments, and inconsistent results from combination therapies. …”
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Chronic hepatitis B and risk of kidney involvement by M. V. Mayevskaya, I. N. Tikhonov, V. T. Ivashkin

“…Antiviral therapy is indicated to the most of these patients which potential, at the same time, is limited by initially decreased renal function, nephrotoxicity of some drugs or simultaneous prescription of immunosuppressants after organ transplantation. At development of liver cirrhosis (LC) and its decompensation one more aspect of renal disease at CHB arises i.e. risk of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) of the 1st or 2nd type that is a poor prognostic marker and requires individual therapeutic approach.Conclusion. …”
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A Comprehensive Comparison of Clinical Presentation and Outcomes of Kidney Transplant Recipients with COVID-19 during Wave 1 versus Wave 2 at a Tertiary Care Center, India by Sanjiv Jasuja, Gaurav Sagar, Anupam Bahl, Neharita Jasuja, Rajesh Chawla, Avdhesh Bansal, Manjit. S. Kanwar, Sudha Kansal, Nikhil Modi, Athar P. Ansari, Viny Kantroo, Purnima Dhar, Chitra Chatterjee, Nitin Ghonge, Samir Tawakley, Shalini Verma

“…Strategies to modify immunosuppressants such as discontinuation of antinucleoside drugs with or without change in calcineurin inhibitors and the use of steroids were similar during both waves. …”
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Perspectives on AI-based recommendations for mask-wearing and COVID-19 vaccination for transplant recipients in the post-COVID-19 era by Oscar A. Garcia Valencia, Charat Thongprayoon, Jing Miao, Jackrapong Bruminhent, Iasmina M. Craici, Wisit Cheungpasitporn

“…In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, the ongoing necessity for preventive measures such as mask-wearing and vaccination remains particularly critical for organ transplant recipients, a group highly susceptible to infections due to immunosuppressive therapy. Given that many individuals nowadays increasingly utilize Artificial Intelligence (AI), understanding AI perspectives is important. …”
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Inflammatory Choroidal Neovascular Membranes: Clinical Profile, Treatment Effectiveness, and Visual Prognosis by Gonçalo Carrola, Mário Lima-Fontes, Fernando Falcão-Reis, Luís Figueira, Ângela Carneiro

“…Neovascularization was treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF injections (bevacizumab, aflibercept, and ranibizumab), and inflammation with anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive therapy (oral, intravenous, and/or intravitreal corticosteroids; oral cyclosporine or methotrexate). …”
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Amelioration of liver fibrosis with autologous macrophages induced by IL-34-based condition by Yuichi Igarashi, Haruka Wada, Masato Muto, Ryohei Sone, Yoshinori Hasegawa, Ken-ichiro Seino

“…As a mechanism analysis, we have examined liver inflammation and damage, the status of stellate cells, and the immunosuppressive capacity of the macrophages. Human macrophages were differentiated from CD14+ monocytes and analyzed. …”
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Application of efgartigimod in Chinese patients with myasthenia gravis: a single-center real-world prospective study by Geke Zhu, Han Zhou, Wanying Wang, Yongbo Ma, Xiangtao Nie, Wenjing Qi, Lei Hao, Xiuming Guo

“…During the treatment, the corticosteroids dosage could be adjusted as appropriate or the non-steroidal immunosuppressive therapies (NSISTs) added. Prior to each infusion, patients’ MG-ADL scores, IgG levels, and routine laboratory tests were evaluated, while also recording the prednisone tapering and any adverse events occurring during the treatment. …”
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Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Isavuconazole Versus Amphotericin B for Patients with Invasive Mucormycosis by Jiayuan Qin, Hongxia Bi, Guangmin Tang, Xinyao Liu, Junyan Qu, Xiaoju Lv, Yanbin Liu

“…The two cohorts had similar baseline characteristics, including a history of malignancy, use of immunosuppressants, infection sites, and pathogens. The amphotericin B group demonstrated a significantly greater incidence of renal disorders (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and hypokalemia (<i>p</i> < 0.001) than the isavuconazole group. …”
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Multi-pathway oxidative stress amplification via controllably targeted nanomaterials for photoimmunotherapy of tumors by Song Li, Yunheng Liu, Xiaokang Zhang, Yurong Liu, Longqing Si, Shaojing Jiang, Aoya Wang, Xukai Che, Jing Chen, Jinghui Hu

“…In summary, this multi-pathway oxidative stress-amplified targeted nanosystem effectively inhibits tumors, reverses the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and provides new insights into tumor immunotherapy combined with phototherapy.…”
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