SDZ MRL 953, A Novel Synthetic Lipid a Analogue, Induces Tolerance to the Lethal Effects of Endotoxin and Enhances Nonspecific Immunity by Charles Lam, Eberhard Schütze, Emmanuel Quakyi, Ekke Liehl, Peter Stütz

“…Despite the availability of potent antimicrobials, shock due to Gram-negative rod sepsis remains an important clinical concern in immunosuppressed patients. Current strategies for treating septic shock by removal of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharides [LPS]) or putative mediators have only been partially effective. …”
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Prevalence of chlamydophila psittaci infection in pigeons and paraquets by a real time polymerase chain reaction by Nevin Tuzcu, Hasan Huseyin Hadimli, Aysegul Ilban

“…Although C. psittaci does not always cause serious disease in poultry, it can cause serious disease especially in immunosuppressive humans. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of C. psittaci, in stool samples of pigeons and paraquets, in Konya province.…”
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Cell-Type-Specific Differentiation and Molecular Profiles in Skin Transplantation: Implication of Medical Approach for Genetic Skin Diseases by Noritaka Oyama, Fumio Kaneko

“…These local events are more unlikely to be regulated by the host immunity, because human skin transplantation has accomplished the donor skin engraftment onto the immunocompromised or immunosuppressive animals. Recent studies have emerged the importance of α-smooth muscle actin- (SMA-) positive myofibroblasts, via stage- and cell-specific contribution of TGFβ, PDGF, ET-1, CCN-2 signalling pathways, and mastocyte-derived mediators (e.g., histamine and tryptase), for the functional reorganisation of the grafted skin. …”
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Immunotherapy Responsive Autoimmune Subacute Encephalitis: A Report of Two Cases by Manoj Mittal, Nancy Hammond, Sharon G. Lynch

“…It is important to screen patients with subacute encephalitis for anti-TPO antibody and VGKCAb, particularly in the presence of seizures. Immunosuppressive therapy appears to be effective in treating this entity.…”
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Rhodotorula mucilaginosa Fungemia, a Rare Opportunistic Infection without Central Venous Catheter Implantation, Successfully Treated by Liposomal Amphotericin B by Ryuichi Hirano, Tatsuro Mitsuhashi, Katsuyoshi Osanai

“…Although the obvious entry point was unclear, long-term immunosuppressive therapy for RA may have damaged the gastrointestinal tract, which leading to the bacterial translocation of R. mucilaginosa. …”
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Recognizing Immunoglobulin G4-Related Overlap Syndromes in Patients with Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Diseases by Aldo J Montano-Loza, Eoin Lalor, Andrew L Mason

“…In the first instance, patients generally have a dramatic response to immunosuppressive therapy, whereas patients with other forms of cholangitis and pancreatitis do not. …”
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Wilson’s Disease and Autoimmune Hepatitis Coexistence: A Cause of Diagnostic Delay by Mohammed G Mudawi, Salma Barakat MD, Elhadi M Awooda

“…A chelating agent, D penicillamine, was added to her immunosuppressive treatment. Nine months later she showed slow improvement in her neurological symptoms and was referred for assessment for liver transplantation. …”
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Update on Babesiosis by Edouard Vannier, Peter J. Krause

“…People over the age of 50 years and immunocompromised individuals are at the highest risk of severe disease, including those with malignancy, HIV, lacking a spleen, or receiving immunosuppressive drugs. Asymptomatic carriers present a blood safety risk when they donate blood. …”
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Late Relapse of Previous Pulmonary Cryptococcosis With Symptoms Resembling Cerebral Infarction: A Case Report by Anatoli Pinchuk, Gernot Geginat, Volker Rickerts, Belal Neyazi, Klaus Peter Stein, Christian Mawrin, I. Erol Sandalcioglu, Ali Rashidi

“…The disease can also occur in individuals with various immunosuppressive conditions, frequently involving the brain or lungs. …”
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An Overview on Dry Eye Treatment: Approaches for Cyclosporin A Delivery by Burçin Yavuz, Sibel Bozdağ Pehlivan, Nurşen Ünlü

“…For the treatment of severe dry eye disease, cyclosporin A (CsA), the first one of the new generation immunomodulatory drugs, which has an anti-inflammatory effect, is frequently used. CsA has immunosuppressive effects following systemic application. …”
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The Molecular Imaging of Natural Killer Cells by Mariya Shapovalova, Sean R. Pyper MD, PhD, Branden S. Moriarity PhD, Aaron M. LeBeau PhD

“…The development of NK cell-based therapies for solid tumors is complicated by the presence of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that can potentially disarm NK cells rendering them inactive. …”
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Targeting the B-Cell Pathway in Lupus Nephritis: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives by Panagiotis Pateinakis, Athina Pyrpasopoulou

“…Thus, despite the short and long-term side effects associated with immunosuppressive treatment alternative emerging treatments are still regarded “rescue” regimens in refractory patients. …”
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Exploring novel pharmacological trends: Natural compounds in dry eye disease management by Rák Tibor, Csutak Adrienne

“…Other therapeutic steps include auto-logous serum tears, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive eyedrops, or oral tablets. Management also targets Meibomian gland dysfunction and the ocular surface micro-biome. …”
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Phylodynamic reconstruction of major chicken infectious anemia virus clades epidemiology, dispersal, and evolution by Giovanni Franzo, Matteo Legnardi, Francesca Poletto, Riccardo Baston, Giulia Faustini, Mattia Cecchinato, Claudia Maria Tucciarone

“…IntroductionImmunosuppressive diseases, such as chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV), pose a major threat to livestock farming due to reduced disease resistance, poor vaccine response, and overall poor productivity. …”
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Necrotizing Fasciitis Complicating Pregnancy: A Case Report and Literature Review by Marinos Nikolaou, Petros Zampakis, Vasiliki Vervita, Konstantinos Almaloglou, Georgios Adonakis, Markos Marangos, Georgios Decavalas

“…Our case emphasized the potential immunosuppressive role of pregnancy state in conjunction with diabetes mellitus in the development of severe necrotizing soft tissue infections.…”
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Comparative In Vitro Immune Stimulation Analysis of Primary Human B Cells and B Cell Lines by Kristien Van Belle, Jean Herman, Louis Boon, Mark Waer, Ben Sprangers, Thierry Louat

“…For this purpose we investigated which human B lymphocyte stimulation assays may be ideally suited to investigate new B lymphocyte immunosuppressants. Primary polyclonal human B cells underwent in vitro stimulation and their proliferation, production of immunoglobulins (Igs) and of cytokines, and expression of cell surface molecules were analysed using various stimuli. …”
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Implications for the diagnosis of aspiration and aspergillosis in critically ill patients with detection of galactomannan in broncho-alveolar lavage fluids by Simon Dubler, Michael Etringer, Christoph Lichtenstern, Thorsten Brenner, Stefan Zimmermann, Paul Schnitzler, Bettina Budeus, Fabian Rengier, Paulina Kalinowska, Yuan Lih Hoo, Markus A. Weigand

“…Diagnosing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in non-immunosuppressed patients is difficult, as Aspergillus antigen (galactomannan [GM]) may have other causes. …”
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Coexistent Pseudogout and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Septic Arthritis in a Patient with HIV and ESRD by Wais Afzal, Omer M. Wali, Kelly L. Cervellione, Bhupinder B. Singh, Farshad Bagheri

“…Septic arthritis due to Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) is a rare entity that can affect immunocompromised patients such as those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or those who are on immunosuppressive drugs. Here, we describe a 51-year-old female who presented with fever, right knee pain, swelling, warmth, and decreased range of motion for several days. …”
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Remodeling of tumor microenvironments by EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer by Soomin Kim, Jaemoon Koh, Tae Min Kim, Songji Oh, Soyeon Kim, Jeonghwan Youk, Miso Kim, Bhumsuk Keam, Yoon Kyung Jeon, Dong-Wan Kim, Dae Seog Heo

“…Summary: Patients with EGFR mutations exhibit immunosuppressive microenvironments, limiting responsiveness to immunotherapy. …”
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All-Trans Retinoic Acid Improves the Effects of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis: An In Vitro Study by Deng Li, Peng Wang, Yuxi Li, Zhongyu Xie, Le Wang, Hongjun Su, Wen Deng, Yanfeng Wu, Huiyong Shen

“…Previous studies have demonstrated the immunosuppressive effects of both all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). …”
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