An Overview on Dry Eye Treatment: Approaches for Cyclosporin A Delivery by Burçin Yavuz, Sibel Bozdağ Pehlivan, Nurşen Ünlü

“…For the treatment of severe dry eye disease, cyclosporin A (CsA), the first one of the new generation immunomodulatory drugs, which has an anti-inflammatory effect, is frequently used. CsA has immunosuppressive effects following systemic application. …”
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Targeting the B-Cell Pathway in Lupus Nephritis: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives by Panagiotis Pateinakis, Athina Pyrpasopoulou

“…Thus, despite the short and long-term side effects associated with immunosuppressive treatment alternative emerging treatments are still regarded “rescue” regimens in refractory patients. …”
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Exploring novel pharmacological trends: Natural compounds in dry eye disease management by Rák Tibor, Csutak Adrienne

“…Other therapeutic steps include auto-logous serum tears, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive eyedrops, or oral tablets. Management also targets Meibomian gland dysfunction and the ocular surface micro-biome. …”
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Necrotizing Fasciitis Complicating Pregnancy: A Case Report and Literature Review by Marinos Nikolaou, Petros Zampakis, Vasiliki Vervita, Konstantinos Almaloglou, Georgios Adonakis, Markos Marangos, Georgios Decavalas

“…Our case emphasized the potential immunosuppressive role of pregnancy state in conjunction with diabetes mellitus in the development of severe necrotizing soft tissue infections.…”
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Comparative In Vitro Immune Stimulation Analysis of Primary Human B Cells and B Cell Lines by Kristien Van Belle, Jean Herman, Louis Boon, Mark Waer, Ben Sprangers, Thierry Louat

“…For this purpose we investigated which human B lymphocyte stimulation assays may be ideally suited to investigate new B lymphocyte immunosuppressants. Primary polyclonal human B cells underwent in vitro stimulation and their proliferation, production of immunoglobulins (Igs) and of cytokines, and expression of cell surface molecules were analysed using various stimuli. …”
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Implications for the diagnosis of aspiration and aspergillosis in critically ill patients with detection of galactomannan in broncho-alveolar lavage fluids by Simon Dubler, Michael Etringer, Christoph Lichtenstern, Thorsten Brenner, Stefan Zimmermann, Paul Schnitzler, Bettina Budeus, Fabian Rengier, Paulina Kalinowska, Yuan Lih Hoo, Markus A. Weigand

“…Diagnosing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in non-immunosuppressed patients is difficult, as Aspergillus antigen (galactomannan [GM]) may have other causes. …”
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Coexistent Pseudogout and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Septic Arthritis in a Patient with HIV and ESRD by Wais Afzal, Omer M. Wali, Kelly L. Cervellione, Bhupinder B. Singh, Farshad Bagheri

“…Septic arthritis due to Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) is a rare entity that can affect immunocompromised patients such as those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or those who are on immunosuppressive drugs. Here, we describe a 51-year-old female who presented with fever, right knee pain, swelling, warmth, and decreased range of motion for several days. …”
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Remodeling of tumor microenvironments by EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer by Soomin Kim, Jaemoon Koh, Tae Min Kim, Songji Oh, Soyeon Kim, Jeonghwan Youk, Miso Kim, Bhumsuk Keam, Yoon Kyung Jeon, Dong-Wan Kim, Dae Seog Heo

“…Summary: Patients with EGFR mutations exhibit immunosuppressive microenvironments, limiting responsiveness to immunotherapy. …”
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All-Trans Retinoic Acid Improves the Effects of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis: An In Vitro Study by Deng Li, Peng Wang, Yuxi Li, Zhongyu Xie, Le Wang, Hongjun Su, Wen Deng, Yanfeng Wu, Huiyong Shen

“…Previous studies have demonstrated the immunosuppressive effects of both all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). …”
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Colonization of a Central Venous Catheter by the Hyaline Fungus Fusarium solani Species Complex: A Case Report and SEM Imaging by Alberto Colombo, Giuseppe Maccari, Terenzio Congiu, Petra Basso, Andreina Baj, Antonio Toniolo

“…The incidence of opportunistic infections by filamentous fungi is increasing partly due to the widespread use of central venous catheters (CVC), indwelling medical devices, and antineoplastic/immunosuppressive drugs. The case of a 13-year-old boy under treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia is presented. …”
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Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis: Two Cases with Amaurosis as Presentation, Medical Surgical Management and Follow-Up by Carmen Navarro-Perea, Ignacio Cañas-Zamarra, Enrique Mencía-Gutiérrez, Enrique Revilla-Sánchez, María-Dolores Lago-Llinás, Silvia Pérez-Trigo, Álvaro Bengoa-González

“…Purpose: Mucormycosis is an infection caused by fungi to the class Zygomycetes that usually appears in immunosuppressed patients. Diagnostic confirmation is often delayed, with fatal prognosis in cases in which treatment is not rapidly established. …”
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The Fate of the Tumor in the Hands of Microenvironment: Role of TAMs and mTOR Pathway by Danilo Figueiredo Soave, Marina Pacheco Miguel, Fernanda Dias Tomé, Liliana Borges de Menezes, Patrícia Resende Alo Nagib, Mara Rúbia Nunes Celes

“…Currently, it is believed that macrophages related to tumoral microenvironment present an “M2-like” feature promoting an immunosuppressive microenvironment enhancing tumoral angiogenesis, growth, and metastasis. …”
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Polymeric immunogel prevents tumor recurrence and metastasis by dual activation of innate and adaptive immunity by Guanyu Jin, Hao Liu, Zi Mei, Qionghua Jin, Sheng Ma, Lanqing Wang, Yuanzhen Su, Letian Lv, Zijuan Wang, Huicong Zhou, Mingqiang Li, Zehuan Huang, Xuesi Chen, Shixian Lv

“…Tumor recurrence and metastasis after surgery are important factors affecting patient survival. The immunosuppressed tumor microenvironment after surgery reduces the ability of the immune system to clear residual tumor cells, thus increasing the risk of recurrence and metastasis. …”
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Orbital Metastasis of Breast Cancer Mimicking Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis by Mayara Tabai, Igor Moreira Hazboun, Emerson Taro Inoue Sakuma, Marcelo Hamilton Sampaio, Eulalia Sakano

“…She was using prednisone in immunosuppressive doses for a year and had breast cancer treated three years earlier. …”
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Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Report of Response to Rituximab by Uroosa Ibrahim, Sara Parylo, Shiksha Kedia, Shafinaz Hussein, Jean Paul Atallah

“…Large granular lymphocytic (LGL) leukemia is a rare form of low grade leukemia characterized by large cytotoxic T cells or natural killer cells on morphological examination. Immunosuppressive therapy is employed as first-line therapy. …”
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Cholesterol Targeted Catalytic Hydrogel Fueled by Tumor Debris can Enhance Microwave Ablation Therapy and Anti‐Tumor Immune Response by Lin Shen, Zhijuan Yang, Yi Zhong, Yanran Bi, Junchao Yu, Qinwei Lu, Yanping Su, Xiaoxiao Chen, Zhongwei Zhao, Gaofeng Shu, Minjiang Chen, Liang Cheng, Liangzhu Feng, Chenying Lu, Zhuang Liu, Jiansong Ji

“…Abstract The immunosuppressive residual tumor microenvironment (IRTM) is a key factor in the high recurrence and metastasis rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after microwave ablation (MWA). …”
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Switching Stable Kidney Transplant Recipients to a Generic Tacrolimus Is Feasible and Safe, but It Must Be Monitored by Fernando González, René López, Elizabeth Arriagada, René Carrasco, Natalia Gallardo, Eduardo Lorca

“…Tacrolimus is the primary immunosuppressive drug used in kidney transplant patients. …”
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Strongyloides Colitis as a Harmful Mimicker of Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Julio Poveda, Farah El-Sharkawy, Leopoldo R. Arosemena, Monica T. Garcia-Buitrago, Claudia P. Rojas

“…Biopsies of the colon revealed increased lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate of the lamina propria with eosinophilic microabscesses and presence of larvae, consistent with Strongyloides stercoralis. Immunosuppressive medication was halted. The patient ultimately died a few days later. …”
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The Exposure to Osteoarthritic Synovial Fluid Enhances the Immunomodulatory Profile of Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome by Adriana Cifù, Rossana Domenis, Massimo Pozzi-Mucelli, Paolo Di Benedetto, Araldo Causero, Massimo Moretti, Marta Stevanato, Cinzia Pistis, Pier Camillo Parodi, Martina Fabris, Francesco Curcio

“…Our data show that the exposure of AMSCs to SF activates cells and promotes the release of immunosuppressive factors, which induce macrophage polarization of M0 into the M2-like phenotype and inhibit differentiation of monocytes into mature dendritic cells (mDCs). …”
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Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Basophilic Differentiation Transformed from Myelodysplastic Syndrome by Yasuhiro Tanaka, Atsushi Tanaka, Akiko Hashimoto, Kumiko Hayashi, Isaku Shinzato

“…An 81-year-old man was referred to our department for further examination of intermittent fever and normocytic anemia during immunosuppressive treatment. Chromosomal analysis showed additional abnormalities involving chromosome 7. …”
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