Life-Threatening Hypertriglyceridemia in a Patient on Ruxolitinib and Sirolimus for Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease by Allison P. Watson, Claudio G. Brunstein, Shernan G. Holtan

“…This case report highlights the importance of vigilance for severe side effects in novel immunosuppressive drug combinations.…”
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Dyarrheal Syndrome in a Patient Co-Infected with Leishmania infantum and Schistosoma mansoni by Gláucia Fernandes Cota, Luciana Inácia Gomes, Bruna Fernandes Pinto, Joanna R. Santos-Oliveira, Alda Maria Da-Cruz, Moisés Salgado Pedrosa, Wagner Luiz Tafuri, Ana Rabello

“…This case report describes an atypical clinical presentation of visceral leishmaniasis affecting the digestive tract and causing malabsorption syndrome in a patient without recognized immunosuppressive condition. After appropriate treatment for the classical visceral form of the disease, diarrhea persisted as the main symptom and massive infection by Leishmania was detected by histopathology analysis of the duodenal mucosa. …”
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Bullous Lupus: An Atypical Case of Refractory Disease in a Patient with Sulfa Allergy by Maria Salgado Guerrero, Oscar Mena Miranda, Ana B. Arevalo, Nevena Barjaktarovic, Barbara Mendez

“…This case highlights the importance of the prompt recognition of BSLE as the initial manifestations of SLE and illustrates the association of BSLE with severe disease and the benefit of concomitant use of dapsone with corticosteroids and other immunosuppressant drugs, even in patients with a history of sulfa allergy.…”
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Spectrum-effect relationship of immunologic activity of Ganoderma lucidum by UPLC-MS/MS and component knock-out method by Changqin Li, Yiping Cui, Jie Lu, Lijun Meng, Changyang Ma, Zhenhua Liu, Yan Zhang, Wenyi Kang

“…The results indicated that there are both enhanced immunity and immunosuppressive components in G. lucidum. BP neural network was trained with the common peak area and immune efficacy index of G. lucidum fingerprint as samples, and a combined evaluation system of G. lucidum fingerprint efficacy was established. …”
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Clostridium butyricum attenuates LPS-induced myocardial injury in septic mice by modulating CD4 + CD25 + FOXP3 + Treg by Jinglin Zhao, Liuli Wu, Rupan Zhang, Mei Yuan, Junchao Huang, Xiongfei Jia, Xiaoqin Mao

“…The bacterium's ability to prevent intestinal mucosal damage and alleviate the immunosuppressive state during the later stages of sepsis by regulating CD4 + CD25 + FOXP3 + Treg cells is particularly noteworthy. …”
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Antiproteinase 3 Positive Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis Presenting with Heart Failure and Intraventricular Thrombosis by Dan Zhu, Yiming Luo, Xiangyuan Liu, Lingyun Zu

“…We also hypothesize that the thrombogenic potential of eosinophils may play a central role in thrombogenesis in EGPA and aggressive immunosuppressive therapy remains the cornerstone of treatment, and the addition of anticoagulation therapy in the setting of thrombus formation and also very high risk of bleeding needs to be considered cautiously.…”
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An Unusual Occurrence of Hepatic Granulomas and Secondary Sitosterolemia in Turner Syndrome by JayaKrishna Chintanaboina, Pragnesh R. Shah, Thomas R. Riley

“…Of the three patients, first patient underwent liver transplantation; second patient remained stable on immunosuppressants; and third patient died from complications of decompensated liver cirrhosis as she declined liver transplantation due to multiple comorbidities. …”
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Lymphoma patients treated with anti-CD20 and chemotherapy display disconnected T and B cell responses to COVID-19 vaccine by Sylvain Lamure, Sylvain Lamure, Houria Hendel Chavez, Marie-Ghislaine de Goër de Herve, Luc-Matthieu Fornecker, Bernard Drenou, Caroline Jacquet, Fatiha Merabet, Milena Kohn, Florence Quélin, Angela Jackson, Sylvain Choquet, Rémy Duléry, Yassine Taoufik, Caroline Besson, Caroline Besson

“…Due to immunosuppressive treatment, COVID-19 vaccination is challenging in patients with B-cell lymphoma. …”
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Unusual Manifestations of Acute Cytomegalovirus Infection in Solid Organ Transplant Hosts: A Report of Two Cases by Alfredo Mena Lora, Justin Khine, Nadia Khosrodad, Vijay Yeldandi

“…Due to the varying presentations of acute CMV infection in immunosuppressed hosts, high suspicion and early tissue biopsy are vital for proper diagnosis and treatment when any suspicious cutaneous or mucosal manifestations are present.…”
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Impact of COVID-19 on rheumatic diseases in india: Determinants of mortality and adverse outcome: A retrospective, cross-sectional cohort study by Avinash Jain, Vineeta Shobha, S Chandrashekara, Padmanabha Shenoy, Sapan C Pandya, Prakash Chotalia, Sharath Kumar, Sourabh Malviya, Yogesh Preet Singh, Abhishek Patil, Vikas Gupta, Puja Srivastava, Vijaya Prasanna Parimi, Chanakya Kodishala, Ramya Janardana, Benzeeta Pinto, Sudhir Bhandari, Govind Rankawat, Praveen Pratap Jadhav, Damodaram Potugari, Vishnu Sharma, Alpana Parmar, Sunitha Kayidhi, Paul T Antony, Ashish Badika, Amit Sharma

“…The results indicate that patients with RD do not show increased mortality despite current use of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs/immunosuppressants.…”
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Medication-related hospitalisations in patients with SLE by Arielle Mendel, Évelyne Vinet, Sasha Bernatsky, Christian A Pineau, Fares Kalache, Louis-Pierre Grenier, Emily G McDonald, Michèle Stanciu, Joo-Young Esther Lee, Gregory Clark

“…Renal involvement, polypharmacy, prednisone and immunosuppressant use were associated with hospitalisation related to an ADE, highlighting a vulnerable group.…”
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Invasive fungal diseases in patients with autoimmune diseases: a case series from the French RESSIF network by Vincent Poindron, Benjamin Terrier, François Maillot, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Nassim Kamar, Valéry Salle, Lilia Hasseine, François Danion, Lilia Merabet, Guillaume Desoubeaux, Éric Bailly, Milène Sasso, Antoine Néel, Simon Galmiche, Benjamin Thoreau, Stéphane Bretagne, Alexandre Alanio, André Paugam, Valérie Letscher-Bru, Sophie Cassaing, Hélène Guegan, Loïc Favennec, Alida Minoza, Florent Morio, Julie Bonhomme, Odile Eloy, Laurence Millon, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Philippe Poirier, Maxime Moniot, Taieb Chouaki, Antoine Huguenin, Frédéric Dalle, Bernard Bouteille, Muriel Nicolas, Nicole Desbois-Nogard, Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux, Karine Boukris-Sitbon, Fanny Lanternier, Caroline Mahinc, Marc Pihet, Magalie Demar, Céline Damiani, Marie-Fleur Durieux, Elena Charpentier, Cécile Nourrisson, Benoit Suzon

“…At IFD diagnosis, 365 (66.5%) patients received glucocorticoids (GCs), 285 (51.9%) immunosuppressants, 42 (7.7%) tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α blockers, 75 (13.7%) other biologics. …”
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Nucleotide receptor P2X7/STAT6 pathway regulates macrophage M2 polarization and its application in CAR-T immunotherapy by Qin Si, Lu Yang, Jie Liu, Hui Liu, Ruifang Bu, Na Cui

“…Background: A key factor underlying the failure of Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cell (CAR-T) therapy in ovarian cancer (OC) is the presence of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, which is intricately linked to M2 polarization among tumor-infiltrating macrophages. …”
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Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Adult-Onset Still’s Disease: Rapid Response to Anakinra by Marc Campos, Elena Schiopu

“…After unsuccessful exposure to various immunosuppressive regimens, shortly following the initiation of anakinra, an interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist, her disease became quiescent and the PAH resolved. …”
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Significance of Urinary Proteome Pattern in Renal Allograft Recipients by Sufi M. Suhail

“…Substantial numbers of studies have shown that different renal allograft disease states, both acute and chronic, could portray unique urinary proteome pattern enabling early diagnosis of graft dysfunction and proper manipulation of immunosuppressive strategy that could impact graft prognosis. …”
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Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome: A Systematic Review by MingXu Lin, YuHua Chen, Jie Ning

“…For patients with severe symptoms, available treatments may include drugs that reduce pancreatic insulin secretion (such as somatostatin and diazoxide), immunosuppressants (glucocorticoids, zaprin, and rituximab), and even plasma exchange to remove autoantibodies from the body. …”
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Extensive Longitudinal Transverse Myelitis after Influenza A Virus Infection in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Suheiry Márquez, Luis M. Vilá

“…This case highlights the importance of early recognition and prompt treatment with immunosuppressive drugs in such cases.…”
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Desquamative interstitial pneumonia: If there is smoke there is fire by Amit Panjwani, Husain Kadhem, Saadeya Naji Abdulkarim, Umesh Nabar

“…We present a rare case of DIP in a nonsmoker, who was initially labeled as idiopathic ILD but eventually evolved into IPAF and exhibited a good response to immunosuppressive treatment.…”
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A Case of Superficial Mycoses in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Li Z, Lu J, Yang Z

“…The fungal infection was further aggravated by the patient’s 10-year history of SLE and long-term immunosuppressive drug therapy. Ultimately, Fungal microscopy and culture results were consistent with superficial mycosis. …”
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Dermatomyositis following resection of thyroid and breast cancer: a case report and literature review by Miaomiao Yang, Jiannan Liu

“…This patient subsequently received systemic immunosuppressant therapy and thus dermatomyositis gradually resolved.ConclusionsA combination of thyroid cancer and breast cancer is thought to be very rare, especially in patients who develop dermatomyositis after thyroidectomy and mastectomy. …”
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