Review on the Relationship between Human Polyomaviruses-Associated Tumors and Host Immune System by Serena Delbue, Manola Comar, Pasquale Ferrante

“…To date, at least nine members of the Polyomaviridae family have been identified, some of them playing an etiological role in malignancies in immunosuppressed patients. Here, we describe the biology of human polyomaviruses, their nonmalignant and malignant potentials ability, and their relationship with the host immune response.…”
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Iatrogenic T-Cell Lymphoma with Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocyotsis in a Patient with Long-Standing Rheumatoid Arthritis by X. A. Andrade, H. E. Fuentes, D. M. Oramas, H. Mann, P. Kovarik

“…Patients with rheumatoid arthritis are at increased risk of hematological malignancies, especially when exposed to immunosuppressive therapy. The mechanisms of lymphomagenesis remain poorly understood but factors implicated include high disease activity, exposure to antitumoral necrosis factor medications, and Epstein–Barr virus infection. …”
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Bullous pemphigoid as a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge with a wide spectrum of dermatological symptoms by Przemysław Borowy, Olga Wcisłek, Julia Płonczyńska, Mateusz Heba, Bogdan Batko

“…The treatment involves the use of topical or systemic glucocorticosteroids (GCS) and, in challenging cases, immunosuppressive drugs. In a 74-year-old patient with internistic and psychiatric burdens, and oral lesions present for the several past months. …”
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Updates in the management of connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease by Chengappa Kavadichanda, G S R S N K Naidu

“…Insights into the pathology of these diseases and the associated lung involvement have resulted in the emergence of several immunosuppressive, antifibrotic, and small molecules as alternatives in CTD-ILD. …”
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A Rare Case of Meningitis Caused by Alcaligenes faecalis in an Immunocompetent Patient by Kevin Cantillo García, Oscar Calderón Duran, Tomás Acosta Pérez, Ángel Vásquez Jiménez, Emerson Madrid Pérez, María Cristina Martínez-Ávila, Tomás Rodríguez Yánez, Amilkar Almanza-Hurtado

“…The first cases of infections caused by this microorganism, such as pneumonia, soft tissue infections, urinary tract infections, bacteremia, and meningitis, date back more than 40 years and are almost entirely in newborns and immunosuppressed hosts. Optimal antibiotic therapy for A. faecalis has not been well established in the literature. …”
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Tacrolimus Toxicity due to Biliary Obstruction in a Combined Kidney and Liver Transplant Recipient by Samuel Chan, Michael T. Burke, David W. Johnson, Ross S. Francis, David W. Mudge

“…The immunosuppressant tacrolimus has a narrow therapeutic window, necessitating therapeutic drug monitoring to maintain efficacy and minimise toxicity. …”
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with Multiple Autoimmune Disease Presented with Extensive Peripheral Gangrene by Tareq Z. Alzughayyar, Jihad Samer Zalloum, Mohammad N. Elqadi, Sadi A. Abukhalaf, Fawzy M. Abunejma, Mohammed M. Y. Alkhanafsa, Motasem H. M. Haif, Firas Alqarajeh, Mo’min R. Mesk, Rami A. Misk

“…Although SLE gangrene may respond to immunosuppressants, it has a high risk of complications that can end up with amputations.…”
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Management of Metachronous Bilateral Testis Cancer in a Patient with Pre-B Cell ALL by Kelly T. Harris, Shakil A. Shaikh, Mark W. Ball, Mohamad E. Allaf, Phillip M. Pierorazio

“…We discuss the management of bilateral testis masses in a young patient with a hematologic malignancy as well as the role of immunosuppressive chemotherapy in developing a second cancer. …”
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New Onset Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis Associated with COVID-19 by Moshe Y. Bressler, Naeha Pathak, Kelly Cervellione, Farshad Bagheri, Edward Epstein, Adnan Mir, Rebecca Tamez

“…Symptoms often overlap between the two diseases, and while there is no current cure for COVID-19, rapid immunosuppressive initiation can be lifesaving for patients with GPA. …”
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Therapeutic drug monitoring for triazoles: A needs assessment review and recommendations from a Canadian perspective by Michel Laverdiere, Eric J Bow, Coleman Rotstein, Julie Autmizguine, Raewyn Broady, Gary Garber, Shariq Haider, Trana Hussaini, Shahid Husain, Philippe Ovetchkine, Jack T Seki, Yves Théorêt

“…Invasive fungal infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in patients with concomitant underlying immunosuppressive diseases. The recent addition of new triazoles to the antifungal armamentarium has allowed for extended-spectrum activity and flexibility of administration. …”
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Cerebral Wegener’s Granuloma: Surgery Mandatory for Diagnosis and Treatment by Federico Nicolosi, Giovanni Nodari, Giannantonio Spena, Elena Roca, Karol Migliorati, Giacomo Esposito, Roberto Stefini, Marco Fontanella, Pier Paolo Panciani

“…The importance of a surgery in case of localized WG has been emphasized, in order to confirm the diagnosis and to avoid additional medicaments, like antiepileptic drugs, potentially harmful in immunosuppressed patients.…”
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Cotrimoxazole-Induced Hypoglycaemia in a Patient with Churg-Strauss Syndrome by Russell Senanayake, Mamoun Mukhtar

“…Cotrimoxazole is a commonly used antimicrobial agent which is traditionally indicated in the management of pneumocystis infection of which HIV and immunosuppressed individuals are at high risk. Furthermore, it can be used on the long term for prophylactic indications. …”
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Successful Use of Posaconazole to Treat Invasive Cutaneous Fungal Infection in a Liver Transplant Patient on Sirolimus by Randah Dahlan, Ameen Patel, Shariq Haider

“…The high morbidity and mortality associated with these infections necessitates urgent therapy with antifungal drugs; however, the interaction between these drugs and immunosuppressive therapies can be a major limitation because of drug toxicity. …”
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Sporadic inclusion body myositis in the rheumatology clinic by Fernando Henrique Carlos de Souza, Gustavo Luiz Behrens Pinto, Jean Marcos de Souza, Pablo Arturo Olivo Pallo, Leonardo Santos Hoff, Samuel Katsuyuki Shinjo

“…., glucocorticoid, and immunosuppressive/immunomodulatory/immunobiological drugs). …”
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Successful Treatment of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Associated with Lupus Nephritis by Using Mycophenolate Mofetil by Takashi Nawata, Makoto Kubo, Kosaku Shiragami, Yukinori Nakamura, Masafumi Yano

“…HLH associated with autoimmune diseases is often refractory to corticosteroid treatment; thus, additional immunosuppressive drugs, such as cyclosporine, cyclophosphamide, or tacrolimus, are required. …”
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Severe Respiratory Distress in a Child with Pulmonary Idiopathic Hemosiderosis Initially Presenting with Iron-Deficiency Anemia by A. Potalivo, L. Finessi, F. Facondini, A. Lupo, C. Andreoni, G. Giuliani, C. Cavicchi

“…The suspicion of IPH led to the use of immunosuppressive therapy with high dose of corticosteroids with rapid improvement in clinical condition and discharge from hospital.…”
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Harnessing amino acid pathways to influence myeloid cell function in tumor immunity by Jiongli Pan, Yi Lin, Xinyuan Liu, Xiaozhen Zhang, Tingbo Liang, Xueli Bai

“…Within the tumor microenvironment, amino acid metabolism plays a crucial role in mediating the immunosuppressive functions of myeloid cells, contributing to tumor progression. …”
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Improving CD3 bispecific antibody therapy in solid tumors using combination strategies by Katy Lloyd, Jim Middelburg, Vitalijs Ovcinnikovs, Nora Pencheva, Kristel Kemper, Thorbald van Hall

“…Despite these recent advances, the success of CD3 bsAbs in solid cancer has been hampered by hurdles like limited intratumoral T cell numbers, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments (TME), and poor memory T-cell induction. …”
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A Case of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Presenting as Guillain-Barré Syndrome by Helen Chioma Okoh, Sandeep Singh Lubana, Spencer Langevin, Susan Sanelli-Russo, Adriana Abrudescu

“…We are reporting a rare case of Miller-Fisher (MFS) variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) as the first manifestation of SLE in a 41-year-old female who progressed to flaccid paralysis with no neurological improvement with initial immunosuppressive therapy, plasmapheresis, and first cycle of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) but with remarkable and complete recovery after the second 5-day course of IVIG.…”
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Diagnosis and Management of Interstitial Lung Disease in Patients with Connective Tissue Diseases by Matthew Koslow, Mehrnaz Maleki-Fischbach, Rebecca C. Keith

“…In the absence of guidelines regarding how CTD-ILDs should be treated, clinicians face difficult decisions on when to use immunosuppressant and anti-fibrotic therapies. The importance of a multidisciplinary and individualized approach to the diagnosis and management of CTD-ILD is highlighted in the three case studies that we describe in this article.…”
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