Immunotherapy of osteosarcoma based on immune microenvironment modulation by Heping Lian, Heping Lian, Jiakui Zhang, Shuna Hou, Shuang Ma, Jiachen Yu, Wei Zhao, Duoyi Zhao, Zhiyu Zhang

“…As an emerging oncological treatment, immunotherapy has shown potential in the clinical management of many tumors but has a poor response rate in osteosarcoma. The immunosuppressive microenvironment in osteosarcoma is the main reason for the ineffectiveness of immunotherapy, in which the low immune response rate of immune effector cells and the high activation of immunosuppressive cells contribute to this outcome. …”
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Clinical Implications for the Timely Diagnosis of Mycobacterium marinum in the Age of Biologic Therapy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature by Chris J. Lata, Kelle Edgar, Stephen Vaughan

“…The natural history of this infection can be altered if the host is immunosuppressed, leading to disseminated presentations. …”
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Cyclosporin, Tacrolimus, Mycophenolic Acid, and Dexamethasone Suppress Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Proliferation and Inhibit Interferon-Gamma, IL-10 and IL-13 Production <em>... by Abdel-Rahman Youssef

“…Objective: The primary goals of immunosuppressive therapy are to prevent graft rejection and to improve graft and patient survival. …”
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Successful Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Systemic Sclerosis with Anticentriole Antibody by Yusho Ishii, Hiroshi Fujii, Koichiro Sugimura, Tsuyoshi Shirai, Yosuke Hoshi, Yoko Fujita, Yuko Shirota, Tomonori Ishii, Hiroaki Shimokawa, Hideo Harigae

“…In general, several vasodilators are used as therapeutic drugs for SSc-PAH, whereas immunosuppressive therapies are not. Here, we report the case of a 62-year-old female with anticentriole antibody-positive SSc-PAH treated with immunosuppressants and vasodilators. …”
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Myasthenia gravis and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome: treatment options and guidance for management during COVID-19 pandemic by A. Klimašauskienė, R. Bunevičiūtė

“…During the COVID-19 pandemic, MG/LEMS patients should continue ongoing treatment and are advised not to stop any immunosuppressive agents used. Altering or stopping an immunosuppressive agent may increase disease activity and/or MG exacerbation or crisis. …”
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Pneumonia by Listeria monocytogenes: A Common Infection by an Uncommon Pathogen by Theocharis Koufakis, Marianneta Chatzopoulou, Anastasios Margaritis, Maria Tsiakalou, Ioannis Gabranis

“…Infections by Listeria monocytogenes typically occur in infants, the elderly, pregnant women, and immunosuppressed subjects. Pulmonary infections in adults are extremely uncommon and only few reports can be found in the literature. …”
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Polymyositis-Dermatomyositis and Interstitial Lung Disease in Pregnant Woman Successfully Treated with Cyclosporine and Tapered Steroid Therapy by Saito Mayu, Sakiko Isojima, Yoko Miura, Shinichiro Nishimi, Mika Hatano, Takahiro Tokunaga, Ryo Takahashi, Keiko Koide, Yusuke Miwa

“…Polymyositis-dermatomyositis is extremely rare during pregnancy, and immunosuppressive therapy should be administered after carefully considering the effects on both the mother and fetus. …”
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Prospective Study of BK Virus Infection in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Virginia Flores, Belén Rodríguez-Sánchez, Ignacio Marín-Jiménez, Emilio Bouza, Luis Menchén, Patricia Muñoz

“…A clear impact of the immunosuppressive regimen on BKV infection could not be demonstrated.…”
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Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum due to Anti-Melanoma Differentiation-Associated Protein 5 Requiring a Bilateral Lung Transplant by Amrit Singh Jhajj, James Hok Shun Yeung, Fergus To

“…In medical literature, aggressive immunosuppressive therapy has been the mainstay of anti-MDA5-associated SPM management. …”
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Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced diabetes mellitus: clinical characteristics and risk factors by Mei Zhan, Mei Zhan, Qinran Long, Qinran Long, Jinhan He, Jinhan He, Jinhan He, Litao Huang, Bin Wu, Bin Wu, Haixia Xu, Li Mo, Ting Xu

“…By excluding patients influenced by glucocorticoids or immunosuppressants, ICI-DM was observed in 713 of 8,199 (8.70%) patients. …”
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Drug-Induced Hematological Cytopenia in Kidney Transplantation and the Challenges It Poses for Kidney Transplant Physicians by Muhammad Abdul Mabood Khalil, Muhammad Ashhad Ullah Khalil, Taqi F. Taufeeq Khan, Jackson Tan

“…On the contrary, reducing or stopping immunosuppressive medications in these events can provoke a rejection. …”
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Use of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy in a Pregnant Woman with Dermatomyositis-Related Interstitial Pneumonia by Tomohiro Shoji, Takeshi Umegaki, Kota Nishimoto, Natsuki Anada, Akiko Ando, Takeo Uba, Munenori Kusunoki, Kanako Oku, Takahiko Kamibayashi

“…In order to save the life of the patient, the use of combination therapy with immunosuppressants was necessary. The patient underwent emergency cesarean section and was immediately treated with immunosuppressants while continuing HFNC oxygen therapy. …”
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The changing landscape of treatment for acquired hemophilia A by Massimo Franchini, Daniele Focosi

“…Recent studies have renewed the interest towards the immunosuppressive agent rituximab for FVIII inhibitor eradication and have suggested a potential role for emicizumab for the prevention of bleeding in AHA patients. …”
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Dermatological Disorders following Liver Transplantation: An Update by Dipesh Kumar Yadav, Xue li Bai, Tingbo Liang

“…Patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) are at a high risk of dermatological complications compared to the general population as a result of long-term use of immunosuppressant. However, the risk is not as high as other solid organ transplantations (SOT), particularly for skin cancer. …”
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CD24 is expressed in HNSCC and is correlated with a dampened immune response by Deborah C. Schubert, Marvin Hürter, Dimo Dietrich, Sebastian Strieth, Peter Brossart, Peter Altevogt, Christine Sanders, Glen Kristiansen

“…Purpose:: Recently, CD24 on tumor cells was identified as a phagocytic inhibitor contributing to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment via binding to Siglec-10 on macrophages. …”
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Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome: Application of Lymphocyte Subset Analysis in Predicting Clinical Outcomes by Yang Liu, Ke Zheng, Yecheng Liu, Huadong Zhu

“…Purpose. With immunosuppressants being widely used, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) has been increasing and could be life-threatening among HIV-negative patients. …”
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Ehrlichiosis in a Recent Liver Transplant Recipient Leading to Multiorgan Failure by Fawwaz Almajali, Catherine Oleary, Taylor Hallcox, Justin Lok, Daniela Hermelin, Alexis Guenette, Mustafa Nazzal

“…While Ehrlichia often presents as a mild form of the disease in immunocompetent patients, immunosuppressed patients are at increased risk for a more virulent and potentially fatal infection. …”
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Effective Administration of Rituximab in Anti-MDA5 Antibody–Positive Dermatomyositis with Rapidly Progressive Interstitial Lung Disease and Refractory Cutaneous Involvement: A Case... by Yuka Ogawa, Dai Kishida, Yasuhiro Shimojima, Koichi Hayashi, Yoshiki Sekijima

“…Even after combination immunosuppressive therapy including a corticosteroid, cyclosporine A, and intravenous cyclophosphamide, his respiratory insufficiency and cutaneous involvement progressively worsened. …”
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Recent Advances in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Hair Loss Disease Alopecia Areata by Taisuke Ito

“…The HF is a unique “miniorgan” with its own immune and hormonal microenvironment. The immunosuppressive milieu of the anagen hair bulb modulated by immunosuppressive factors is known as “hair follicle immune privilege.” …”
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Case Report: Combined Autoimmune Pancreatitis, Ulcerative Colitis and Sclerosing Cholangitis in 28-y.o. Patient by A. R. Khurmatullina, A. V. Okhlobystin, L. N. Androsova, R. T. Rzayev, A. S. Tertychnyy, A. P. Kiryukhin, O. Z. Okhlobystina, M. S. Zharkova, O. S. Shifrin, V. T. Ivashkin

“…Colonic lesions that initially had low grade of inflammation were resistant to immunosuppressive therapy.Key points. A 28-year-old female patient was admitted to the clinic for jaundice associated with pruritis. …”
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