Human respiratory organoids sustained reproducible propagation of human rhinovirus C and elucidation of virus-host interaction by Cun Li, Yifei Yu, Zhixin Wan, Man Chun Chiu, Jingjing Huang, Shuxin Zhang, Xiaoxin Zhu, Qiaoshuai Lan, Yanlin Deng, Ying Zhou, Wei Xue, Ming Yue, Jian-Piao Cai, Cyril Chik-Yan Yip, Kenneth Kak-Yuen Wong, Xiaojuan Liu, Yang Yu, Lin Huang, Hin Chu, Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan, Hans Clevers, Kwok Yung Yuen, Jie Zhou

“…We demonstrate that airway organoids sustain serial virus passage with the aid of CYT387-mediated immunosuppression, whereas nasal organoids that more closely simulate the upper airway achieve this without any intervention. …”
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Investigating intra‐tumoural heterogeneity and microenvironment diversity in primary cardiac angiosarcoma through single‐cell RNA sequencing by Jingyuan Huo, Zhen Wang, Wenting Zhao, Miao Chen, Haoyang Li, Fengpu He, Xiao Tian, Yaqi Ma, Firyuza Husanova, Liang Ma, Yiming Ni, Hongda Ding, Weidong Li, Hongfei Xu

“…Characterization of the immune microenvironment revealed significant immunosuppression mediated by specific myeloid cell populations (SPP1+ and OLR1+ macrophages). …”
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Incidence and contributing factors of dementia among people living with HIV in British Columbia, Canada, from 2002 to 2016: a retrospective cohort study by Rolando Barrios, Julio S G Montaner, Silvia Guillemi, Ni Gusti Ayu Nanditha, Viviane D Lima, Thomas L Patterson, Fidel Vila-Rodriguez, William G Honer, Jason Trigg, Hasan Nathani, Sara Shayegi-Nik, Weijia Yin, Alejandra Fonseca, Bronhilda T Takeh

“…Initiating ART in 2005–2010 (versus<2000) produced an aCSH of 0.51 (95% CI: 0.30 to 0.89).Conclusions We demonstrated the negative role of immunosuppression and inflammation on the incidence of dementia among PLWH. …”
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COVID-19 and HIV: Clinical Outcomes and Inflammatory Markers in a Cohort from a Reference Hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil by Nathalia Beatriz Ramos de Sá, Karine Venegas Macieira, Mariana Rosa Inacio Coelho, Milena Neira Goulart, Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves, Leonardo Azevedo da Silva Rosadas, Kim Mattos Geraldo, Maria Pia Diniz Ribeiro, Sandra Wagner Cardoso, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Valdiléa G. Veloso, Andressa da Silva Cazote, Dalziza Victalina de Almeida, Carmem Beatriz Wagner Giacoia-Gripp, Fernanda Heloise Côrtes, Mariza Gonçalves Morgado

“…People living with HIV (PLWH) could face a higher risk of hospitalization and mortality from COVID-19, depending on their immunosuppression levels. This study describes inflammatory markers in COVID-19 clinical outcomes with and without HIV infection. …”
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GH inhibits ALV-J replication and restricts cell cycle by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by Junliang Xia, Ling Lin, Rongyang Ju, Chengxun Xu, Guodong Mo, Xiquan Zhang

“…Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is an exogenous tumorigenic retrovirus that primarily induces immunosuppression, growth retardation, decreased egg production, tumors formation, and even death in chickens. …”
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Control of BKPyV-DNAemia by a Tailored Viro-Immunologic Approach Does Not Lead to BKPyV-Nephropathy Progression and Development of Donor-Specific Antibodies in Pediatric Kidney Tra... by Michela Cioni, Stella Muscianisi, Marica De Cicco, Sabrina Basso, Hans H. Hirsch, Iris Fontana, Laura Catenacci, Jessica Bagnarino, Mariangela Siciliano, Oriana Montana Lampo, Gloria Acquafredda, Lou Tina Diana Boti, Jessica Rotella, Eleonora Bozza, Jennifer Zumelli, Kristiana Mebelli, Fausto Baldanti, Massimo Cardillo, Marco Zecca, Arcangelo Nocera, Mario Luppi, Enrico Verrina, Fabrizio Ginevri, Patrizia Comoli

“…In the absence of effective antiviral treatments, current therapeutic approaches rely on immunosuppression (IS) reduction, possibly at the risk of inducing alloimmunity. …”
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A Predictive Model for Pulmonary Aspergillosis in ICU Patients: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study by Li Y, Ren X, Wang Q, Shen S, Li Y, Qian X, Tang Y, Jia J, Zhang H, Ding J, Song Y, Zhang S, Wang S, Xu Y, Jiang Y, He X, Dai M, Zhong L, Xiong Y, Pan Y, Wang M, Shao H, Cai H, Huang L, Wang H

“…The risk prediction model for IPA, incorporating microbiological characteristics, identified six independent risk factors, namely age, immunosuppression, chronic kidney disease, connective tissue disease, liver failure, and cytomegalovirus positivity. …”
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Non-small cell lung cancer and the tumor microenvironment: making headway from targeted therapies to advanced immunotherapy by Anna De Lucia, Lucia Mazzotti, Lucia Mazzotti, Anna Gaimari, Anna Gaimari, Matteo Zurlo, Roberta Maltoni, Claudio Cerchione, Sara Bravaccini, Angelo Delmonte, Lucio Crinò, Patricia Borges de Souza, Luigi Pasini, Fabio Nicolini, Fabrizio Bianchi, Manel Juan, Hugo Calderon, Chiara Magnoni, Chiara Magnoni, Luca Gazzola, Luca Gazzola, Paola Ulivi, Massimiliano Mazza

“…To enhance treatment efficacy, specific efforts associated with CAR-T cell therapy in NSCLC, should definitely focus TME-related immunosuppression and antigen escape mechanisms, by combining CAR-T cells with immune checkpoint blockades.…”
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In vitro functional validation of anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells expressing lysine-specific demethylase 1 short hairpin RNA for the treatment of diffuse large B cell l... by Zhi Guo, Zhi Guo, Mingxin He, Ning Liu, Yiqing Yang, Rui Sun, Jianxun Wang, Qiang Wang

“…BackgroundChimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy is more effective in relapsed or refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) than other therapies, but a high proportion of patients relapse after CAR-T cell therapy owing to antigen escape, limited persistence of CAR-T cells, and immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. CAR-T cell exhaustion is a major cause of relapse. …”
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PD-L1/TLR7 dual-targeting nanobody-drug conjugate mediates potent tumor regression via elevating tumor immunogenicity in a host-expressed PD-L1 bias-dependent way by Wei Huang, Ji Zhou, Jia Li, Yakun Wan, Chao Hu, Meng Liu, Pan Xu, Feng Tang, Jianhua Sun, Xiaolu Yu, Yiru Long, Binfan Chen, Yongliang Tong, Mengwen Shan, Xiaomin Jia, Henglei Lu, Runqiu Chen, Jin Ren, Guangyi Jin, Likun Gong

“…The dynamics of the in vivo behaviors of NDCs were assessed based on multiorgan changes in PD-L1 levels.Results The screened PD-L1 nanobodies were characterized as tumor-targeting and alleviated T-cell immunosuppression. The TLR7 agonists induced broad innate immune responses and intratumoral PD-L1 expression on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and its antitumor effect was dependent on intratumoral delivery. …”
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NFE2-driven neutrophil polarization promotes pancreatic cancer liver metastasis progression by Wenchao Xu, Jianzhou Liu, Qiaofei Liu, Jia Xu, Li Zhou, Zhiyong Liang, Haoran Huang, Bowen Huang, Gary Guishan Xiao, Junchao Guo

“…Here, combined single-cell sequencing with spatial transcriptomics results revealed that liver metastases exhibit more aggressive transcriptional characteristics and higher levels of immunosuppression compared with the primary tumor. We identified neutrophils_S100A12 (S100 calcium binding protein A12) cells as the pivotal pro-metastatic cluster, specifically distributed at the invasive front of the metastatic lesions. …”
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Basic Molecular Biology, Metabolic and Immunological Mechanisms of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation by O. V. Goloshchapov, A. V. Beynarovich, A. B. Chukhlovin, R. V. Klementeva, A. A. Shcherbakov, E. A. Bakin, I. K. Golubovskaya, N. D. Ventslovayte, O. S. Yudintseva, M. V. Gorchakova, V. E. Karev, M. A. Kucher, M. A. Suvorova, E. V. Svetkina, G. G. Rodionov, V. V. Gostev, S. V. Sidorenko, I. S. Moiseev, A. D. Kulagin

“…This complication required resumption and subsequent intensification of immunosuppressive therapy with complete resolution of GVHD symptoms. …”
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A prospective observational cohort study of HIV infection in Indonesia: baseline characteristics and one-year mortality by Tuti P. Merati, Evy Yunihastuti, Rudi Wisaksana, Nia Kurniati, Dona Arlinda, Muhammad Karyana, Nugroho H. Susanto, Dewi Lokida, Herman Kosasih, Aly Diana, Lois E. Bang, Melinda Setiyaningrum, Desrinawati M. Amin, Eppy Eppy, Wiwit A. S. N. Cahyawati, Emon W. Danudirgo, I Made Gede Darmaja, Nur Farhanah, Carta A. Gunawan, Usman Hadi, Kurnia F. Jamil, Sudirman Katu, Tambar Kembaren, I Gede Rai Kosa, Danang L. Norosingomurti, Asep Purnama, Ida S. Laksanawati, Adria Rusli, I Ketut Agus Somia, Yanri W. Subronto, Ivan L. Toruan, Renee Ridzon, C. Jason Liang, Aaron T. Neal, Ray Y. Chen, INA-PROACTIVE Study Group

“…Conclusions Among predominantly treatment-experienced PLWH, detectable viremia and continued immunosuppression were significantly associated with one-year mortality. …”
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Comprehensive analysis of lncRNAs and mRNAs revealed potential participants in the process of avian reovirus infection by Shaqiu Zhang, Shaqiu Zhang, Shaqiu Zhang, Shaqiu Zhang, Jinkang Li, Mingshu Wang, Mingshu Wang, Mingshu Wang, Mingshu Wang, Renyong Jia, Renyong Jia, Renyong Jia, Renyong Jia, Shun Chen, Shun Chen, Shun Chen, Shun Chen, Mafeng Liu, Mafeng Liu, Mafeng Liu, Mafeng Liu, Dekang Zhu, Dekang Zhu, Dekang Zhu, Dekang Zhu, Xinxin Zhao, Xinxin Zhao, Xinxin Zhao, Xinxin Zhao, Ying Wu, Ying Wu, Ying Wu, Ying Wu, Qiao Yang, Qiao Yang, Qiao Yang, Qiao Yang, Juan Huang, Juan Huang, Juan Huang, Juan Huang, Xumin Ou, Xumin Ou, Xumin Ou, Xumin Ou, Di Sun, Di Sun, Di Sun, Di Sun, Bin Tian, Bin Tian, Bin Tian, Bin Tian, Yu He, Yu He, Yu He, Yu He, Zhen Wu, Zhen Wu, Zhen Wu, Zhen Wu, Anchun Cheng, Anchun Cheng, Anchun Cheng, Anchun Cheng

“…Avian reovirus (ARV), a double-stranded RNA virus, frequently induces immunosuppression in poultry, leading to symptoms such as irregular bleeding and spleen necrosis in infected ducks. …”
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Contextual Vulnerability Should Guide Fair Subject Selection in Xenotransplantation Clinical Trials by Gianna Strand

“…Multi-center research studies have found that moderate non-adherence to immunosuppression regimens is not directly associated with poor kidney transplant outcomes.…”
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Recombinant Marek’s disease virus expressing VP1 and VP2 proteins provides robust immune protection against chicken infectious anemia virus by Chengfei Ge, Hangqiong Lu, Jinze Han, Guorong Sun, Shihao Li, Xingge Lan, Yongzhen Liu, Mengmeng Yu, Xinyun Hu, Mingxue Hu, Xiaole Qi, Hongyu Cui, Yulu Duan, Suyan Wang, Yuntong Chen, Xiaomei Wang, Xiaomei Wang, Yanping Zhang, Yulong Gao, Changjun Liu

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Monoclonal antibody development and antigenic epitope identification of chicken pro-IL-1β by Mengmeng Xu, Mengmeng Huang, Guodong WANG, Jingzhe HAN, Xinxin NIU, Jinze HAN, Hangbo YU, Yulong ZHANG, Runhang LIU, Ziwen WU, Hongyu Cui, Yanping Zhang, Suyan Wang, Yongzhen Liu, Yuntong Chen, Yulu Duan, Liuan Li, Yulong Gao, Xiaole Qi

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Tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil in corticosteroid-resistant hepatitis secondary to tislelizumab: a case report by Chang Jiang, Shanxian Guo

“…Through this case, we hope to emphasize the importance of reasonably extending the use of immunosuppressants to avoid the recurrence of IRH and reduce the premature discontinuation of immunosuppressants. …”
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The Crosstalk between Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells and Immune Cells: To Establish Immune Tolerance in Transplantation by Chao Zhang, Shuo Wang, Cheng Yang, Ruiming Rong

“…Considering their strong immunosuppressive capability, MDSCs could become a prospective clinical regimen during transplantation tolerance induction, resulting in long-term graft survival with decreased or without immunosuppressive drugs. …”
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Use of Cyclosporine in Uterine Transplantation by Srdjan Saso, Karl Logan, Yazan Abdallah, Louay S. Louis, Sadaf Ghaem-Maghami, J. Richard Smith, Giuseppe Del Priore

“…Cyclosporine A (CsA) is an immunosuppressant widely used by transplant recipients. …”
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