Actinomyces Acute Rhinosinusitis Complicated by Subperiosteal Abscess in an Immunocompromised 12-Year-Old: Case Report and Literature Review by Sai V. Nimmagadda, Li-Xing Man, Margo K. McKenna, John J. Faria, Isaac L. Schmale

“…Our case is the first reported in a pediatric patient and the first taking immunosuppressive medication. Overall, only 3 cases of actinomyces rhinosinusitis in immunosuppressed individuals have been reported, each with uncontrolled diabetes and each also responded well to surgery and appropriate antibiotics. …”
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Role of T Regulatory Cells and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in COVID-19 by Alhasan Alsalman, Mohammad A. Al-Mterin, Eyad Elkord

“…In conclusion, further studies are required to investigate the role and function of immunosuppressive cells and their potentials as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in COVID-19 patients.…”
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Xylohypha bantiana Multiple Brain Abscesses in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Khalid F AlHabib, Elizabeth A Bryce

“…We report on a 72-year-old man who, while taking several immunosuppressive medications for systemic lupus erythematosus, presented with multiple bilateral cerebral abscesses caused by X bantiana. …”
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Polyoma BK Virus: An Oncogenic Virus? by Syed Hassan, Zaid Alirhayim, Syed Ahmed, Syed Amer

“…He subsequently developed BK virus nephropathy related to chronic immunosuppressant therapy. Three years later, misfortune struck again, and he developed adenocarcinoma of the bladder.…”
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Wernicke’s Encephalopathy: An Unusual Consequence of the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome—Case Report and Literature Review by Timothy R. Larsen, Dritan Dragu, Michael Williams

“…Wernicke’s has been described in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS); however, given these patients’ immunosuppressed state, the diagnosis of Wernicke’s encephalopathy is not apparent. …”
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A New Hope in Immunotherapy for Malignant Gliomas: Adoptive T Cell Transfer Therapy by Dong-Sup Chung, Hye-Jin Shin, Yong-Kil Hong

“…Moreover, enhanced biologic functions of T cells generated by genetic engineering and modified immunosuppressive microenvironment of host by homeostatic T cell expansion and/or elimination of immunosuppressive cells and molecules can induce more potent antitumor T cell responses and make this strategy hold promise in promoting a patient response for malignant glioma treatment. …”
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Acknowledging and addressing real-world challenges to treating immune-related adverse events by Bonnie L Bermas, Mitchell S von Itzstein, David E Gerber, Alexa Meara

“…Currently, irAE treatment remains suboptimal in many areas, as many expert guidelines remain vague on the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of steroids and the use of other immunosuppressive agents. This coupled with delays in diagnosis and difficulties for patients accessing effective irAE treatment results in barriers to effective irAE care. …”
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It’s about TIME – Gal-9 as a potential immunotherapeutic target in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by Christin Knickmeier, Gaetan Aime Noubissi Nzeteu, Bernhard F. Gibbs, Frederik J. H. Hoogwater, Maarten W. Nijkamp, Maximilian Bockhorn, N. Helge Meyer

“…Gal-9 significantly contributes to the immunosuppressive milieu of PDAC by interacting with various immune cells, such as T cells, macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). …”
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Immunomodulatory Effect of Bisphosphonate Risedronate Sodium on CD163+ Arginase 1+ M2 Macrophages: The Development of a Possible Supportive Therapy for Angiosarcoma by Taku Fujimura, Yumi Kambayashi, Sadanori Furudate, Aya Kakizaki, Setsuya Aiba

“…An imbalance of immunosuppressive cells and cytotoxic cells plays an important role in inhibiting the antitumor immune response of the tumor-bearing host. …”
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Leclercia adecarboxylata Musculoskeletal Infection in an Immune Competent Pediatric Patient: An Emerging Pathogen? by W. Jeffrey Grantham, Shawn S. Funk, Jonathan G. Schoenecker

“…Leclercia adecarboxylata has increasing reports in immunosuppressed and adult patients with musculoskeletal infection. …”
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Invasive Group B Streptococcal Disease in Two Pediatric Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Dongning Wu, Kenneth Bromberg, Roberto Jodorkovsky

“…We report two patients with SLE who were treated with steroids and immunosuppressive medication and then developed invasive Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infections. …”
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Anti-Factor H Antibodies in Egyptian Children with Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome by Shereen Shawky, Hesham Safouh, Mona Gamal, Mohammed M. Abbas, Azza Aboul-Enein, Toshihiro Sawai, Yosra Fahmy, Heba Selim

“…All patients who started immunosuppressives early together with plasmapheresis upon detection of their anti-FH had complete renal function recovery. …”
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Infections in systemic lupus erythematosus: A study of incidence and risk factors in 100 patients from western India by Ankan Jha, Tridip Das, Sunilkumar Rajmani Singh, Jyotsna Oak

“…Management of SLE needs vigilance for infection and judicious use of immunosuppressive drugs.…”
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Cost-Effectiveness of Extracorporeal Photopheresis in Patients With Chronic Graft-vs-Host Disease by Adrian Peacock, Frances C. Dehle, Oscar A. Mesa Zapata, Francesca Gennari, Maro R.I. Williams, Nada Hamad, Stephen Larsen, Simon J. Harrison, Colman Taylor

“…The analysis considered costs of second-line treatment and disease management including immunosuppressants, hospitalizations and subsequent therapy. …”
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Real-world treatment patterns and clinical characteristics in patients with moderate-to-severe systemic lupus erythematosus: an analysis of the SLE Prospective Observational Cohort... by Raj Tummala, Richard A Furie, Laurent Arnaud, Eric F Morand, Martin Aringer, Stephanie Chen, Barnabas Desta, Alberta Hoi, Bo Ding, Christine Peschken, Jonatan Hedberg, Tina Grünfeld Eén, Alessandro Sorrentino, Danuta Kielar

“…Disease activity (SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K)), average oral glucocorticoid dose and use of other treatments—specifically antimalarials, biologics and immunosuppressants—were measured over time. Subgroup analyses were stratified by baseline interferon gene signature (IFNGS) status and disease activity (SLEDAI-2K) status.Results Patient demographics and baseline characteristics were similar among subgroups; the majority of patients were on antimalarials (n=670; 81.1%), followed by glucocorticoids (n=537; 65.0%), immunosuppressants (n=453; 54.8%) and biologics (n=175; 21.2%). …”
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Vascular Endograft Infection with Listeria monocytogenes reated with Surgical Debridement but without Graft Removal by Beate Tanner-Steinmann, Katia Boggian

“…The awareness of Listeria monocytogenes as a pathogen in meningitis and bacteremia in immunosuppressed patients is high. We report a case of vascular graft infection due to Listeria monocytogenes as an example of a less well-known manifestation of listeriosis and focus on the possible treatment procedures emphasizing a management with surgical debridement but preservation of the endograft, in contrast to the gold standard treatment of vascular graft infections which consists of a removal of the graft.…”
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Inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies and patient management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Literature review by R. Bunevičiūtė, A. Klimašauskienė

“…They can cause a lot of difficulties in daily practice due to their clinical heterogeneity and long term immunosuppressive treatment. Environmental and epidemiological changes may increase the incidence of the demyelinating polyneuropathies. …”
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The Controversial Role of Microglia in Malignant Gliomas by Jun Wei, Konrad Gabrusiewicz, Amy Heimberger

“…Mounting evidence indicates that the glioma microenvironment converts the glioma-associated microglia/macrophages (GAMs) into glioma-supportive, immunosuppressive cells; however, GAMs can retain intrinsic anti-tumor properties. …”
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IL-10 and ARG-1 Concentrations in Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood of Metastatic Neuroblastoma Patients Do Not Associate with Clinical Outcome by Fabio Morandi, Michela Croce, Giuliana Cangemi, Sebastiano Barco, Valentina Rigo, Barbara Carlini, Loredana Amoroso, Vito Pistoia, Silvano Ferrini, Maria Valeria Corrias

“…The percentages of immunosuppressive Treg and type-1 regulatory (Tr1) cells were also determined. …”
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Management and Clinical Outcome of Penetrating Keratoplasty for Long-Term Corneal Changes in Sympathetic Ophthalmia by Saraswathi Ramamurthi, Ebube E. Obi, Gordon N. Dutton, Kanna Ramaesh

“…Our patients were immunosuppressed prior to the procedure to help prevent graft rejection. …”
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