Late Relapse of Previous Pulmonary Cryptococcosis With Symptoms Resembling Cerebral Infarction: A Case Report by Anatoli Pinchuk, Gernot Geginat, Volker Rickerts, Belal Neyazi, Klaus Peter Stein, Christian Mawrin, I. Erol Sandalcioglu, Ali Rashidi

“…The disease can also occur in individuals with various immunosuppressive conditions, frequently involving the brain or lungs. …”
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An Overview on Dry Eye Treatment: Approaches for Cyclosporin A Delivery by Burçin Yavuz, Sibel Bozdağ Pehlivan, Nurşen Ünlü

“…For the treatment of severe dry eye disease, cyclosporin A (CsA), the first one of the new generation immunomodulatory drugs, which has an anti-inflammatory effect, is frequently used. CsA has immunosuppressive effects following systemic application. …”
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Targeting the B-Cell Pathway in Lupus Nephritis: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives by Panagiotis Pateinakis, Athina Pyrpasopoulou

“…Thus, despite the short and long-term side effects associated with immunosuppressive treatment alternative emerging treatments are still regarded “rescue” regimens in refractory patients. …”
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Exploring novel pharmacological trends: Natural compounds in dry eye disease management by Rák Tibor, Csutak Adrienne

“…Other therapeutic steps include auto-logous serum tears, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive eyedrops, or oral tablets. Management also targets Meibomian gland dysfunction and the ocular surface micro-biome. …”
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Prognostic significance of ımmunhistochemical axl expression in pancreas ductal adenocarcinomas by Ozden Oz, Asuman Argon, Tulu Ayata Kebat, Ozlem Ozdemir, Savas Yakan

“…Tyrosine kinase receptors (TKRs) are responsible for cell plasticity, chemoresistance, immunosuppression and metastasis potential. Axl is a receptor of the TKR family, and it has come to the fore in cancer treatment in the last decade. …”
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Necrotizing Fasciitis Complicating Pregnancy: A Case Report and Literature Review by Marinos Nikolaou, Petros Zampakis, Vasiliki Vervita, Konstantinos Almaloglou, Georgios Adonakis, Markos Marangos, Georgios Decavalas

“…Our case emphasized the potential immunosuppressive role of pregnancy state in conjunction with diabetes mellitus in the development of severe necrotizing soft tissue infections.…”
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Successful Treatment of Fungal Dermatitis in a Bottlenose Dolphin (<i>Tursiops truncatus</i>) by Takashi Kamio, Honoka Nojo, Rui Kano, Mami Murakami, Yukako Odani, Koji Kanda, Tomoko Mori, Yuichiro Akune, Masanori Kurita, Ayaka Okada, Yasuo Inoshima

“…This study reports on the detection of filamentous fungi in the subcutaneous tissue and wound surface on the tail fin of a managed bottlenose dolphin (<i>Tursiops truncatus</i>) emaciated due to severe digestive problems. Immunosuppression by chronic diseases and starvation decreased resistance against opportunistic infections. …”
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Comparative In Vitro Immune Stimulation Analysis of Primary Human B Cells and B Cell Lines by Kristien Van Belle, Jean Herman, Louis Boon, Mark Waer, Ben Sprangers, Thierry Louat

“…For this purpose we investigated which human B lymphocyte stimulation assays may be ideally suited to investigate new B lymphocyte immunosuppressants. Primary polyclonal human B cells underwent in vitro stimulation and their proliferation, production of immunoglobulins (Igs) and of cytokines, and expression of cell surface molecules were analysed using various stimuli. …”
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Everolimus in Heart Transplantation: An Update by Stephan W. Hirt, Christoph Bara, Markus J. Barten, Tobias Deuse, Andreas O. Doesch, Ingo Kaczmarek, Uwe Schulz, Jörg Stypmann, Assad Haneya, Hans B. Lehmkuhl

“…Unless there are special considerations to take into account, all de novo heart transplant patients can be regarded as potential candidates for immunosuppression with everolimus and reduced-exposure calcineurin inhibitor therapy. …”
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Implications for the diagnosis of aspiration and aspergillosis in critically ill patients with detection of galactomannan in broncho-alveolar lavage fluids by Simon Dubler, Michael Etringer, Christoph Lichtenstern, Thorsten Brenner, Stefan Zimmermann, Paul Schnitzler, Bettina Budeus, Fabian Rengier, Paulina Kalinowska, Yuan Lih Hoo, Markus A. Weigand

“…Diagnosing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in non-immunosuppressed patients is difficult, as Aspergillus antigen (galactomannan [GM]) may have other causes. …”
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Coexistent Pseudogout and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Septic Arthritis in a Patient with HIV and ESRD by Wais Afzal, Omer M. Wali, Kelly L. Cervellione, Bhupinder B. Singh, Farshad Bagheri

“…Septic arthritis due to Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) is a rare entity that can affect immunocompromised patients such as those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or those who are on immunosuppressive drugs. Here, we describe a 51-year-old female who presented with fever, right knee pain, swelling, warmth, and decreased range of motion for several days. …”
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Effects of Low Concentration of Glyphosate-Based Herbicide on Genotoxic, Oxidative, Inflammatory, and Behavioral Meters in Danio rerio (Teleostei and Cyprinidae) by Eduardo Bortolon Ribas, Gustavo Colombo Dal-Pont, Ariana Centa, Marcos Otávio Bueno, Ricardo Cervini, Rosana Claudio Silva Ogoshi, Claudriana Locatelli

“…The results showed that acute exposure to GBH promoted an inflammatory event, which reduced the efficiency of antioxidants, thus producing a disturbance in tissues, mainly in the liver, causing immunosuppression and generating genotoxicity.…”
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Remodeling of tumor microenvironments by EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer by Soomin Kim, Jaemoon Koh, Tae Min Kim, Songji Oh, Soyeon Kim, Jeonghwan Youk, Miso Kim, Bhumsuk Keam, Yoon Kyung Jeon, Dong-Wan Kim, Dae Seog Heo

“…Summary: Patients with EGFR mutations exhibit immunosuppressive microenvironments, limiting responsiveness to immunotherapy. …”
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All-Trans Retinoic Acid Improves the Effects of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis: An In Vitro Study by Deng Li, Peng Wang, Yuxi Li, Zhongyu Xie, Le Wang, Hongjun Su, Wen Deng, Yanfeng Wu, Huiyong Shen

“…Previous studies have demonstrated the immunosuppressive effects of both all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). …”
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Colonization of a Central Venous Catheter by the Hyaline Fungus Fusarium solani Species Complex: A Case Report and SEM Imaging by Alberto Colombo, Giuseppe Maccari, Terenzio Congiu, Petra Basso, Andreina Baj, Antonio Toniolo

“…The incidence of opportunistic infections by filamentous fungi is increasing partly due to the widespread use of central venous catheters (CVC), indwelling medical devices, and antineoplastic/immunosuppressive drugs. The case of a 13-year-old boy under treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia is presented. …”
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Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis: Two Cases with Amaurosis as Presentation, Medical Surgical Management and Follow-Up by Carmen Navarro-Perea, Ignacio Cañas-Zamarra, Enrique Mencía-Gutiérrez, Enrique Revilla-Sánchez, María-Dolores Lago-Llinás, Silvia Pérez-Trigo, Álvaro Bengoa-González

“…Purpose: Mucormycosis is an infection caused by fungi to the class Zygomycetes that usually appears in immunosuppressed patients. Diagnostic confirmation is often delayed, with fatal prognosis in cases in which treatment is not rapidly established. …”
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The Fate of the Tumor in the Hands of Microenvironment: Role of TAMs and mTOR Pathway by Danilo Figueiredo Soave, Marina Pacheco Miguel, Fernanda Dias Tomé, Liliana Borges de Menezes, Patrícia Resende Alo Nagib, Mara Rúbia Nunes Celes

“…Currently, it is believed that macrophages related to tumoral microenvironment present an “M2-like” feature promoting an immunosuppressive microenvironment enhancing tumoral angiogenesis, growth, and metastasis. …”
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Polymeric immunogel prevents tumor recurrence and metastasis by dual activation of innate and adaptive immunity by Guanyu Jin, Hao Liu, Zi Mei, Qionghua Jin, Sheng Ma, Lanqing Wang, Yuanzhen Su, Letian Lv, Zijuan Wang, Huicong Zhou, Mingqiang Li, Zehuan Huang, Xuesi Chen, Shixian Lv

“…Tumor recurrence and metastasis after surgery are important factors affecting patient survival. The immunosuppressed tumor microenvironment after surgery reduces the ability of the immune system to clear residual tumor cells, thus increasing the risk of recurrence and metastasis. …”
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Use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Pneumocystis Pneumonia of an Infant with AIDS by Grégoire Cane, Arnaud De Boislambert, Charlotte Sgro, Pierre Lavedan, Hélène Foulgoc, Nadir Tafer, Alexandre Ouattara

“…Pneumocystis pneumonia is a common complication of cellular immunosuppression and may trigger severe pulmonary complications. …”
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Orbital Metastasis of Breast Cancer Mimicking Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis by Mayara Tabai, Igor Moreira Hazboun, Emerson Taro Inoue Sakuma, Marcelo Hamilton Sampaio, Eulalia Sakano

“…She was using prednisone in immunosuppressive doses for a year and had breast cancer treated three years earlier. …”
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