Role of T Regulatory Cells and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in COVID-19 by Alhasan Alsalman, Mohammad A. Al-Mterin, Eyad Elkord

“…In conclusion, further studies are required to investigate the role and function of immunosuppressive cells and their potentials as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in COVID-19 patients.…”
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Xylohypha bantiana Multiple Brain Abscesses in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Khalid F AlHabib, Elizabeth A Bryce

“…We report on a 72-year-old man who, while taking several immunosuppressive medications for systemic lupus erythematosus, presented with multiple bilateral cerebral abscesses caused by X bantiana. …”
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Spatial and single-cell transcriptomics reveal cellular heterogeneity and a novel cancer-promoting Treg cell subset in human clear-cell renal cell carcinoma by Lijuan Wang, Qian He, Weijun Qin, Xiyu Song, Yumeng Zhu, Wenwen Geng, Jianhua Jiao, Hongjiao Liu, Ruo Chen, Xiuxuan Sun, Jiejie Geng, Zhinan Chen

“…This group of Treg cells has stronger immunosuppressive function and was associated with a worse prognosis in ccRCC cohorts. …”
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A Case of Oral Histoplasmosis Concomitant with Pulmonary Tuberculosis by Silas Antonio Juvencio de Freitas Filho, Natália Galvão Garcia, Mário César de Souza, Denise Tostes Oliveira

“…The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection test was negative. The immunosuppression caused by tuberculosis in our patient probably had an important role in the development of intraoral lesions of histoplasmosis. …”
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Wernicke’s Encephalopathy: An Unusual Consequence of the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome—Case Report and Literature Review by Timothy R. Larsen, Dritan Dragu, Michael Williams

“…Wernicke’s has been described in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS); however, given these patients’ immunosuppressed state, the diagnosis of Wernicke’s encephalopathy is not apparent. …”
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PTLD Burkitt Lymphoma in a Patient with Remote Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis by A. Stravodimou, A. Cairoli, T. Rausch, R. Du Pasquier, P. Michel

“…With careful reduction of the immunosuppression after the first manifestation and with the use of chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy after the second manifestation, our patient showed complete disappearance of neurologic symptoms and she is clinically well with good kidney function. …”
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A New Hope in Immunotherapy for Malignant Gliomas: Adoptive T Cell Transfer Therapy by Dong-Sup Chung, Hye-Jin Shin, Yong-Kil Hong

“…Moreover, enhanced biologic functions of T cells generated by genetic engineering and modified immunosuppressive microenvironment of host by homeostatic T cell expansion and/or elimination of immunosuppressive cells and molecules can induce more potent antitumor T cell responses and make this strategy hold promise in promoting a patient response for malignant glioma treatment. …”
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Acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia after lung transplantation: A case report of treatment with infliximab and tocilizumab and literature review by Christophe Abellan, Foteini Ioakeim, Alessio Casutt, Benoit Lechartier, Zisis Balmpouzis, Samuel Rotman, Leslie Noirez, Isabelle Rochat, John-David Aubert, Angela Koutsokera

“…Treatment is empiric, based on immunosuppressive regimens and the mortality rate is very high. …”
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It’s about TIME – Gal-9 as a potential immunotherapeutic target in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by Christin Knickmeier, Gaetan Aime Noubissi Nzeteu, Bernhard F. Gibbs, Frederik J. H. Hoogwater, Maarten W. Nijkamp, Maximilian Bockhorn, N. Helge Meyer

“…Gal-9 significantly contributes to the immunosuppressive milieu of PDAC by interacting with various immune cells, such as T cells, macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). …”
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Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma from Transplanted Kidney with Complete Response to an Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor by Ryan S. Chiang, Ashton A. Connor, Brant A. Inman, Wen-Chi Foo, David N. Howell, John F. Madden, Matthew J. Ellis, Aparna S. Rege, Michael R. Harrison

“…She achieved sustained complete remission with transplant nephroureterectomy, retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy, immunosuppression withdrawal, and immunotherapy with pembrolizumab. …”
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Immunomodulatory Effect of Bisphosphonate Risedronate Sodium on CD163+ Arginase 1+ M2 Macrophages: The Development of a Possible Supportive Therapy for Angiosarcoma by Taku Fujimura, Yumi Kambayashi, Sadanori Furudate, Aya Kakizaki, Setsuya Aiba

“…An imbalance of immunosuppressive cells and cytotoxic cells plays an important role in inhibiting the antitumor immune response of the tumor-bearing host. …”
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Leiomyoma in a Renal Allograft by Yan Jun Li, Amila Rohan Siriwardana, James Lawrence Penn Symons, Gordon Francis O’Neill, Min Ru Qiu, Timothy John Furlong

“…The patient was converted to everolimus for posttransplant immunosuppression management and there was no sign of progression over a year.…”
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Leclercia adecarboxylata Musculoskeletal Infection in an Immune Competent Pediatric Patient: An Emerging Pathogen? by W. Jeffrey Grantham, Shawn S. Funk, Jonathan G. Schoenecker

“…Leclercia adecarboxylata has increasing reports in immunosuppressed and adult patients with musculoskeletal infection. …”
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Tuberculosis-Associated Immune Reconstruction Inflammatory Syndrome (TB-IRIS) in HIV-Infected Patients: Report of Two Cases and the Literature Overview by Klaudija Viskovic, Josip Begovac

“…TB-IRIS in HIV-infected subjects is an exacerbation of the symptoms, signs, or radiological manifestations of a pathogenic antigen, related to recovery of the immune system after immunosuppression. We focused on the radiological characteristics of TB-IRIS and the briefly literature review on this syndrome.…”
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Invasive Group B Streptococcal Disease in Two Pediatric Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Dongning Wu, Kenneth Bromberg, Roberto Jodorkovsky

“…We report two patients with SLE who were treated with steroids and immunosuppressive medication and then developed invasive Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infections. …”
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Anti-Factor H Antibodies in Egyptian Children with Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome by Shereen Shawky, Hesham Safouh, Mona Gamal, Mohammed M. Abbas, Azza Aboul-Enein, Toshihiro Sawai, Yosra Fahmy, Heba Selim

“…All patients who started immunosuppressives early together with plasmapheresis upon detection of their anti-FH had complete renal function recovery. …”
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Infections in systemic lupus erythematosus: A study of incidence and risk factors in 100 patients from western India by Ankan Jha, Tridip Das, Sunilkumar Rajmani Singh, Jyotsna Oak

“…Management of SLE needs vigilance for infection and judicious use of immunosuppressive drugs.…”
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Real-world treatment patterns and clinical characteristics in patients with moderate-to-severe systemic lupus erythematosus: an analysis of the SLE Prospective Observational Cohort... by Raj Tummala, Richard A Furie, Laurent Arnaud, Eric F Morand, Martin Aringer, Stephanie Chen, Barnabas Desta, Alberta Hoi, Bo Ding, Christine Peschken, Jonatan Hedberg, Tina Grünfeld Eén, Alessandro Sorrentino, Danuta Kielar

“…Disease activity (SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K)), average oral glucocorticoid dose and use of other treatments—specifically antimalarials, biologics and immunosuppressants—were measured over time. Subgroup analyses were stratified by baseline interferon gene signature (IFNGS) status and disease activity (SLEDAI-2K) status.Results Patient demographics and baseline characteristics were similar among subgroups; the majority of patients were on antimalarials (n=670; 81.1%), followed by glucocorticoids (n=537; 65.0%), immunosuppressants (n=453; 54.8%) and biologics (n=175; 21.2%). …”
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Cytokine profiles in early rejection following OKT3 treatment in liver transplant patients by Sasan Roayaie, Patricia A. Sheiner, Sukru Emre, Steven Guy, Myron E. Schwartz, Peter Boros, Charles M. Miller

“…OKT3, a murine monoclonal antibody specific to the human CD3 complex, induces immunosuppression by depletion of T cells. Administration of OKT3 results in significant release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα and IL1β. …”
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Vascular Endograft Infection with Listeria monocytogenes reated with Surgical Debridement but without Graft Removal by Beate Tanner-Steinmann, Katia Boggian

“…The awareness of Listeria monocytogenes as a pathogen in meningitis and bacteremia in immunosuppressed patients is high. We report a case of vascular graft infection due to Listeria monocytogenes as an example of a less well-known manifestation of listeriosis and focus on the possible treatment procedures emphasizing a management with surgical debridement but preservation of the endograft, in contrast to the gold standard treatment of vascular graft infections which consists of a removal of the graft.…”
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