Emerging Implications for Extracellular Matrix-Based Technologies in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation by Ricardo Londono, Vijay S. Gorantla, Stephen F. Badylak

“…Despite recent progress in vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA), limitations including complex, high dose immunosuppression regimens, lifelong risk of toxicity from immunosuppressants, acute and most critically chronic graft rejection, and suboptimal nerve regeneration remain particularly challenging obstacles restricting clinical progress. …”
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Recent Advances in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Hair Loss Disease Alopecia Areata by Taisuke Ito

“…The HF is a unique “miniorgan” with its own immune and hormonal microenvironment. The immunosuppressive milieu of the anagen hair bulb modulated by immunosuppressive factors is known as “hair follicle immune privilege.” …”
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Dendritic Cell-Based Approaches for Therapeutic Immune Regulation in Solid-Organ Transplantation by Giuseppe Vassalli

“…To avoid immune rejection, allograft recipients require drug-based immunosuppression, which has significant toxicity. An emerging approach is adoptive transfer of immunoregulatory cells. …”
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Case Report: Combined Autoimmune Pancreatitis, Ulcerative Colitis and Sclerosing Cholangitis in 28-y.o. Patient by A. R. Khurmatullina, A. V. Okhlobystin, L. N. Androsova, R. T. Rzayev, A. S. Tertychnyy, A. P. Kiryukhin, O. Z. Okhlobystina, M. S. Zharkova, O. S. Shifrin, V. T. Ivashkin

“…Colonic lesions that initially had low grade of inflammation were resistant to immunosuppressive therapy.Key points. A 28-year-old female patient was admitted to the clinic for jaundice associated with pruritis. …”
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Case report: Spontaneous renal hemorrhage in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis by Ruohan Yu, Lina Zhang, Ting Long, Hui Gao, Jing Xu, Tong Zhang, Shengguang Li

“…The patient developed SRH during immunosuppressive therapy but recovered following conservative treatment. …”
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Hypoxanthine Derivatives in Experimental Infections by Claudio De Simone, Edoardo Arrigoni Martelli, Pietro Foresta, Giuseppe Famularo, Roberto Giacomelli, Emilio Jirillo, Vito Ruggiero, Giorgio Tonietti

“…In vivo treatment with parenterally administered hypoxanthine derivatives, notably ST 789, was able to protect cyclophosphamide-immunosuppressed mice against experimental infections with both bacterial and fungal pathogens. …”
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Hydroxychloroquine Effects on TLR Signalling: Underexposed but Unneglectable in COVID-19 by Aliede E. in ‘t Veld, Manon A. A. Jansen, Luuk C. A. Ciere, Matthijs Moerland

“…We argue that the clinical effect of prophylactic or therapeutic HCQ treatment in COVID-19 depends on the balance between inhibition of viral replication, immunosuppression, and off-target side effects, and that the outcome is probably dependent on disease stage and disease severity. …”
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Approach to Management of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura at University of Cincinnati by N. Abdel Karim, S. Haider, C. Siegrist, N. Ahmad, A. Zarzour, J. Ying, Z. Yasin, R. Sacher

“…Our results showed that PE with immunosuppressive therapy resulted in decreased duration of PE, relapse rate, and increased duration of remission in patients with TTP.…”
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hUC-MSCs Attenuate Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease through Chi3l1 Repression of Th17 Differentiation by Weijiang Liu, Fulin Yuan, Haitao Bai, Yuanlin Liu, Xue Li, Yang Wang, Yi Zhang

“…Collectively, these results reveal a new immunosuppressive molecule, Chi3l1, in hUC-MSCs in the treatment of aGvHD that regulates Th17 differentiation and inhibits STAT3 activation. …”
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Modulation of Immunoregulatory Properties of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells by Toll-Like Receptors: Potential Applications on GVHD by Bruno Sangiorgi, Rodrigo Alexandre Panepucci

“…The present review addresses how Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPS) modulate the immunosuppressive phenotype of human MSCs by signaling through Toll-like receptors (TLRs). …”
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Microscopic Polyangiitis with Pulmonary Fibrosis: An Often-Recognized Manifestation of the Disease by Liam M. Clifford, Jamma Li, Christopher J. Renaud, Suran L. Fernando

“…Both patients responded well to immunosuppressive treatment; however, pulmonary fibrosis and COPD were refractory to immunosuppression. …”
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A Rare Sequela of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis by Vijay Kodadhala, Saravana Devulapalli, Mohankumar Kurukumbi, Annapurni Jayam-Trouth

“…Our case is unique, as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis occurred in a 34-year-old which was poorly responsive to immunosuppression resulting in severe disability.…”
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Anti-CD20 Treatment of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Refractory to Corticosteroids and Azathioprine: A Pediatric Case Report and Mini Review by Alexandros Makis, Zoi Kanta, Dimitrios Kalogeropoulos, Nikoloaos Chaliasos

“…Refractory cases are treated with immunosuppressive drugs, cytotoxic agents, androgens, or splenectomy, with various side effects and questionable efficacy. …”
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An unmet need: Pancreatic beta cell replacement by F Mohamed, C Adams, B Mansfield

“…In SA, only a few pancreas transplants have been performed, primarily because of surgical risks and the need for immunosuppression. Islet transplantation is an alternative but faces limitations due to donor scarcity and immunosuppression requirements. …”
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Immunomodulators in a Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation by Yur-Ren Kuo, Chien-Chang Chen, Shigeru Goto, Pao-Yuan Lin, Fu-Chan Wei, Chao-Long Chen

“…Vascularized composite allotransplantations (VCAs) are not routinely performed for tissue reconstruction because of the potentially harmful adverse effects associated with lifelong administration of immunosuppressive agents. Researchers have been eagerly seeking alternative methods that circumvent the long-term use of immunosuppressants. …”
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Potential Use of Bisphosphonates in Invasive Extramammary Paget’s Disease: An Immunohistochemical Investigation by Taku Fujimura, Sadanori Furudate, Yumi Kambayashi, Setsuya Aiba

“…In this study, we employed immunohistochemical staining for immunosuppressive macrophages and cytotoxic T cells in the lesional skin of patients with noninvasive EMPD and those with invasive EMPD.…”
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Immunization History of Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Ing Shian Soon, Jennifer CC deBruy, Iwona Wrobel

“…BACKGROUND: Protection against vaccine-preventable diseases is important in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) due to frequent immunosuppressive therapy use. The chronic relapsing nature and treatment regimen of IBD may necessitate modified timing of immunizations.…”
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An Analysis of an Inflammatory Bowel Disease Practise in an Urban Community Hospital by David Adam, Jonathan Adam, Howard Price

“…The aspects studied were distribution of disease, need for hospital admission, immunosuppressants, systemic steroids, and surgery and its indications. …”
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhance Pulmonary Antimicrobial Immunity and Prevent Following Bacterial Infection by Wenchao Li, Weiwei Chen, Saisai Huang, Xiaojun Tang, Genhong Yao, Lingyun Sun

“…Background. Immunosuppressants such as cyclophosphamide (CTX) have been employed to treat a wide array of autoimmune diseases. …”
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PD-L1 knockout or ZG16 overexpression inhibits PDAC progression and modulates TAM polarization by Hui Meng, Manman Nan, Yizhen Li, Yi Ding, Xiaokun Fang, Weiqian Ma, Mingzhi Zhang

“…CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing has the potential to delete PD-L1 both on the cell surface and inside the cell, thereby inhibiting tumor growth and migration and overcoming immunosuppression. ZG16, with its lectin structure, can reduce PD-L1 expression on the cell surface. …”
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