A Simplified Method for Evaluating Chitin-Binding Activity Applied to YKL-40 (HC-gp39, CHI3L1) and Chitotriosidase by Keita Suzuki, Hidetoshi Suzuki, Ami Tanaka, Miwa Tanaka, Kairi Takase, Hiromu Takei, Tomoki Kanaizumi, Kazuaki Okawa, Peter O. Bauer, Fumitaka Oyama

“…Comparative analysis with YKL-39, which does not contain a corresponding W69 residue, highlights the unique role of this residue in YKL-40’s chitin-binding activity that is potentially linked to immune and inflammatory responses. Our evaluation method clarifies YKL-40’s binding properties and provides a versatile approach applicable to other chitin-binding proteins.…”
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Autoimmune and Neoplastic Thyroid Diseases Associated with Hepatitis C Chronic Infection by Poupak Fallahi, Silvia Martina Ferrari, Ugo Politti, Dilia Giuggioli, Clodoveo Ferri, Alessandro Antonelli

“…These cytokines might induce a further CXCL10 secretion by thyrocytes, thus perpetuating the immune cascade, which may lead to the appearance of autoimmune thyroid disorders in genetically predisposed subjects. …”
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Insight into the codon usage patterns and adaptation of Tembusu Virus by Fucheng Guo, Huiming Tan, Jinjin Yang, Rumin Jia, Ruichen Wang, Lie Wu, Fengzhi Pan, Kai Kang, Weitian Xie, Youquan Li, Kewei Fan

“…Analysis of dinucleotide distribution reveals significant suppression of CpG and UpA dinucleotides in the TMUV genome, reflecting adaptive pressures to evade vertebrate immune responses. During transmission, TMUV shows increasing alignment with host CUPs and a continuous reduction in CpG dinucleotides, potentially enhancing its fitness within host microenvironments. …”
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Descriptive Investigation of Strongyloidiasis Infection and Characterization of Strongyloides stercoralis Using Morphological and Molecular-Based Methods by Nayana Gunathilaka, Nilmini Chandrasena, Tharaka Wijerathna, Yoshito Fuji, Deepa Gunasekara, Ruwan Prasanna Gunatilaka, Ranjan Premaratna

“…Diagnosis of this infection is important because of its potential to cause fatal hyperinfection syndrome or disseminated infections in those with defective cellular immunity. Parasitological methods based on faecal microscopy and culture often fail to detect low-intensity infections. …”
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Radio-protective effects of ultra-fine bubble hydrogen water and serum protein responses in whole-body radiation-exposed mice by Masaru Yamaguchi, Khin Thandar Htun, Youta Tatara, Yoshiaki Sato, Masato Hosoda, Suchart Kothan, Chikashi Kamimura, Osamu Inanami, Ikuo Kashiwakura

“…Twenty-six serum proteins involved in inflammatory and immune responses were significantly identified in UBHW-fed mice by proteomics, and UBHW may enhance and regulate these functions, resulting in reduced damage in mice exposed to WBI. …”
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Integrated multi-omics analysis reveals the underlying molecular mechanism for the neurotoxicity of triclosan in zebrafish by Shasha Zhao, Yuhang Ling, Baohua Zhang, Danting Wang, Limei Sun

“…Transcriptomics indicated that immune- and metabolism-related gene expression patterns were severely disturbed by TCS. …”
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Experimental opisthorchiasis: a study of blood cells, hematopoiesis and startle reflex in laboratory animals by D. F. Avgustinovich, I. A. Orlovskaya, L. B. Toporkova, G. B. Vishnivetskaya, A. V. Katokhin, M. N. Lvova, E. V. Kashina, N. P. Bondar, N. A. Feofanova, V. A. Mordvinov

“…It was found that the relative weight of the main organ of the peripheral immune system – spleen, is significantly larger in mice than in hamsters. …”
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Prostanoid Receptor Subtypes and Its Endogenous Ligands with Processing Enzymes within Various Types of Inflammatory Joint Diseases by Mohammed A. Al-Madol, Mohammed Shaqura, Thilo John, Rudolf Likar, Reham Said Ebied, Magdi M. Salih, Sascha Treskatsch, Michael Schäfer, Shaaban A. Mousa

“…Quantitative TaqMan®-PCR and double immunofluorescence confocal microscopy of synovial tissue determined the abundance and exact immune cell types expressing these target molecules. …”
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The Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and Interleukin-6 in Patients with Isolated Coronary Artery Ectasia by Mustafa Aydin, Ishak Ozel Tekin, Sait Mesut Dogan, Nesligul Yildirim, Mehmet Arasli, Muhammet Rasit Sayin, Ziyaettin Aktop

“…This study provides evidence for alterations in the proinflamatory cytokines which suggest the involvement of the immune system in the pathophysiology of CAE. Further placebo-controlled studies are needed to evaluate the clinical significance of this increase in TNF-𝛼 and IL-6 levels.…”
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Proportions of Proinflammatory Monocytes Are Important Predictors of Mortality Risk in Hemodialysis Patients by Yachung Jeng, Paik Seong Lim, Ming Ying Wu, Tien-Yu Tseng, Chang Hsu Chen, Hung Ping Chen, Tsai-Kun Wu

“…The findings shed some light for nephrologists on future prospects of early recognizing immune dysfunction and improving early intervention outcomes.…”
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Probiotic biofilm modified scaffolds for facilitating osteomyelitis treatment through sustained release of bacteriophage and regulated macrophage polarization by Junwei Su, Yifan Wu, Zheng Wang, Dong Zhang, Xianquan Yang, Yong Zhao, Aixi Yu

“…More importantly, the inactivated LR biofilm stimulates macrophages RAW264.7 to polarize towards an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, creating an immune microenvironment favorable for inducing osteogenic differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. …”
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A Novel Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method to Quantify Tryptophan and Its Major Metabolites in Serum to Support Biomarker Studies in Patients with Cancer Undergo... by Anna Siemiątkowska, Barbara Kuźnar-Kamińska, Katarzyna Kosicka-Noworzyń, Kamila Nowaczewska, Hanna Winiarska, Dominika Popiołek, Filip Kamiński, Franciszek K. Główka

“…Disturbances in TRP metabolism have been revealed in various diseases, many of which are closely related to the immune system. In recent years, we have focused on finding blood-based biomarkers of successful immunotherapy in cancer. …”
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Association between IFN-γ +874A/T and IFN-γR1 (-611A/G, +189T/G, and +95C/T) Gene Polymorphisms and Chronic Periodontitis in a Sample of Iranian Population by Zahra Heidari, Hamidreza Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb, Mohammad Hashemi, Somayeh Ansarimoghaddam, Bita Moudi, Nadia Sheibak

“…Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is an immune regulatory cytokine that acts through its receptor and plays important role in progression of inflammatory disease such as chronic periodontitis (CP). …”
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Sex differences in the association between metabolic disorder and inflammatory cytokines in Han Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia by Yinghan Tian, Yinghan Tian, Zhenkuo Li, Yun Zhang, Pei Tang, Yu Zhuang, Lewei Liu, Lewei Liu, Haojie Fan, Haojie Fan, Haojie Fan, Xianhu Yao, Wenzheng Li, Lei Xia, Lei Xia, Lei Xia, Huanzhong Liu, Huanzhong Liu, Huanzhong Liu

“…BackgroundPrevious evidence suggests that immune-inflammatory dysfunction plays an important role in metabolic disorder (MD) of patients with schizophrenia, yet studies on sex differences in the association between both are limited. …”
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The Pharmacodynamic Impact of Apremilast, an Oral Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor, on Circulating Levels of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis: Substudy Res... by Peter H. Schafer, Peng Chen, Lorraine Fang, Andrew Wang, Rajesh Chopra

“…Of 504 patients randomized in PALACE 1, 150 (placebo: n=51; apremilast 20 mg BID: n=51; apremilast 30 mg BID: n=48) provided peripheral blood plasma samples for analysis in a multiplexed cytometric bead array assay measuring 47 proteins associated with systemic inflammatory immune responses. Association between biomarker levels and achievement of 20% improvement from baseline in modified American College of Rheumatology (ACR20) response criteria was assessed by logistic regression. …”
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RNA-Seq Based Transcriptome Analysis of the Type I Interferon Host Response upon Vaccinia Virus Infection of Mouse Cells by Bruno Hernáez, Graciela Alonso, Juan Manuel Alonso-Lobo, Alberto Rastrojo, Cornelius Fischer, Sascha Sauer, Begoña Aguado, Antonio Alcamí

“…Addition of UV-inactivated virus particles to cell cultures altered the expression of a set of 53 cellular genes, including genes involved in innate immunity. Differential gene expression analyses of cells infected with replication competent VACV identified the activation of a broad range of host genes involved in multiple cellular pathways. …”
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Schwann Cell‐Specific Ablation of Beclin 1 Impairs Myelination and Leads to Motor and Sensory Neuropathy in Mice by Lisa Gambarotto, Loris Russo, Silvia Bresolin, Luca Persano, Rachele D'Amore, Giulia Ronchi, Federica Zen, Luisa Muratori, Alice Cani, Samuele Negro, Aram Megighian, Sonia Calabrò, Paola Braghetta, Dario Bizzotto, Matilde Cescon

“…Transcriptomic and histological analysis from sciatic nerves of 10‐day and 2‐month‐old mice revealed pro‐mitotic gene deregulation and increased SCs proliferation at both stages with axonal loss and increased immune infiltration in adults, well reflecting the progressive motor and sensory functional impairment that characterizes Becn1 cKO mice, compared to controls. …”
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Reducing off-target expression of mRNA therapeutics and vaccines in the liver with microRNA binding sites by Brian J. Parrett, Satoko Yamaoka, Michael A. Barry

“…Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are often liver tropic, presenting challenges for LNP-delivered mRNA therapeutics intended for other tissues, as off-target expression in the liver may increase side effects and modulate immune responses. To avoid off-target expression in the liver, miR-122 binding sites have been used by others in viral and non-viral therapeutics. …”
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Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Essential Oil: Extraction, Composition, Bioactivity and Uses for Food Preservation – a Review by Ewa Majewska, Mariola Kozłowska, Eliza Gruczyńska-Sękowska, Dorota Kowalska, Katarzyna Tarnowska

“…Lemongrass essential oil has been used since ancient times in folk medicine as a remedy to improve circulation, stabilise menstrual cycles, promote digestion or increase immunity. It is also used to produce perfumes, flavours, detergents, and pharmaceuticals. …”
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Nanocomplex hyaluronic acid/ganciclovir@ZIF-8 for ganciclovir efficient delivery and targeted anti-KSHV treatment by Fangling Li, Chengjing Liu, Wenyi Gu, Qianhe Xu, Dongmei Li, Dongdong Cao, Zhiyong Liu

“…Abstract Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection can cause a variety of tumors and is one of the leading causes of death in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. As a small molecule antiviral drug, ganciclovir (GCV) can be used for anti-KSHV treatment. …”
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