Synergistic impacts of propargite exposure and deformed wing virus infection on the health of western honey bees by Chia-Yang Lin, Yu-Chun Lin, Yun-Heng Lu, Shiang-Jiuun Chen, Yu-Hsien Lin, Yao-Kuang Tseng, Yu-Tzu Lin, Yueh-Lung Wu, Rong-Nan Huang

“…The administration of DWV alone boosted the expression of immune response genes, whereas acaricide alone did not significantly affect the expression of detoxification genes. …”
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N-Terminal Plasmodium vivax Merozoite Surface Protein-1, a Potential Subunit for Malaria Vivax Vaccine by Fernanda G. Versiani, Maria E. Almeida, Luis A. Mariuba, Patricia P. Orlandi, Paulo A. Nogueira

“…Studies have shown that MSP-1 possesses highly immunogenic fragments, capable of generating immune response and protection in natural infection in endemic regions. …”
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Immunological Evaluation for Personalized Interventions in Children with Tuberculosis: Should It Be Routinely Performed? by Laura E. Carreto-Binaghi, Esmeralda Juárez, Silvia Guzmán-Beltrán, María Teresa Herrera, Martha Torres, Alejandro Alejandre, José Arturo Martínez-Orozco, Eduardo Becerril-Vargas, Yolanda Gonzalez

“…Progression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to active disease depends on mycobacterial virulence, environmental diversity, and host susceptibility and immune response. In children, malnutrition and immaturity of the immune system contribute to an inadequate immune response. …”
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Role of Interferons in the Development of Diagnostics, Vaccines, and Therapy for Tuberculosis by Kai Ling Chin, Fadhilah Zulkipli Anis, Maria E. Sarmiento, Mohd Nor Norazmi, Armando Acosta

“…The latter that consists of IFN-γ has been associated with the promotion of Th1 immune response which is associated with protection against TB. …”
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Deciphering the Multifaceted Relationship between Oncolytic Viruses and Natural Killer Cells by Christopher A. Alvarez-Breckenridge, Jianhua Yu, Balveen Kaur, Michael A. Caligiuri, E. Antonio Chiocca

“…The challenge is determining whether the viral-elicited immune response is a hindrance or a tool for viral treatment. …”
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Tumor metabolic regulators: key drivers of metabolic reprogramming and the promising targets in cancer therapy by Kun Huang, Ying Han, Yihong Chen, Hong Shen, Shan Zeng, Changjing Cai

“…Research indicates that various metabolic regulators form a metabolic network in the TME and interact with immune cells, coordinating the tumor immune response. Metabolic dysregulation creates an immunosuppressive TME, impairing the antitumor immune response. …”
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Extracellular vesicles from fifth-stage larval Angiostrongylus cantonensis upregulate cholesterol biosynthesis and suppress NLRP2-associated inflammatory responses in mouse astrocy... by Chien-Ju Cheng, Lian-Chen Wang, Lichieh Julie Chu, Kuang-Yao Chen, Ching-Yun Huang, Kuo-Lun Lan, Kuo-Yang Huang

“…Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from helminthes have been implicated in regulating host survival and immune response. However, the roles of A. cantonensis EVs in modulating parasite pathogenesis and host immune response remain poorly understood. …”
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Stability Analysis for Viral Infection Model with Multitarget Cells, Beddington-DeAngelis Functional Response, and Humoral Immunity by Xinxin Tian, Jinliang Wang

“…If R1≤1<R0, the immune-free equilibrium P1 is globally asymptotically stable, and the infection becomes chronic but with no persistent antibody immune response. If R1>1, the endemic equilibrium P2 is globally asymptotically stable, and the infection is chronic with persistent antibody immune response.…”
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Possible Immunosuppressive Effects of Drug Exposure and Environmental and Nutritional Effects on Infection and Vaccination by H. P. Huemer

“…A variety of drugs which are not primarily considered to be immunosuppressive agents have been described to modulate the humoral and cellular immune response in humans or animals. Thereby they may have an influence on the effectiveness and possible side effects of vaccines. …”
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Jararaca GPIb-binding protein causes thrombocytopenia during Bothrops jararaca envenomation by Marcelo Larami Santoro, Ana Teresa Azevedo Sachetto, Jaqueline Gomes Rosa, Ricardo José Soares Torquato, Débora Andrade-Silva, Dilza Trevisan-Silva, Cynthia Zaccanini de Albuquerque, Solange M. T. Serrano, Vânia Gomes de Moura Mattaraia, Aparecida Sadae Tanaka, Maria Elisa Peichoto

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Evaluation of autophagic and apoptotic markers during infection with animal virus causing hemorrhagic fever in rabbits by Dominika Bębnowska, Dominika Bębnowska, Sylwia Rzeszotek, Agnieszka Kolasa, Karolina Wiśniewska, Karolina Wiśniewska, Magdalena Żabińska, Aneta Szulc, Zuzanna Cyske, Zuzanna Cyske, Karolina Pierzynowska, Karolina Pierzynowska, Aleksandra Wilk, Paulina Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej, Paulina Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej, Paulina Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej

“…This is particularly important because infection with different strains is associated with a different host immune response profile.MethodsIn this work, we analyzed the expression of selected genes and proteins involved in autophagic flux in the liver, spleen, kidney and peripheral blood, but also apoptotic cell death in the liver and peripheral blood of rabbits infected with the GI.2 strain.ResultsAs a result, we showed that autophagy is strongly activated in the liver, spleen and kidney of infected rabbits, and confirmed the activation of apoptosis in the liver.DiscussionThis study highlights the role of apoptosis and autophagy in the immune response in rabbits infected with Lagovirus europaeus/GI.2.…”
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Cytokine Secretion of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Hydnocarpus anthelminthicus Seeds by Surang Leelawat, Kawin Leelawat

“…The application of these extracts should depend on the immune response of the host, which determines the manifestation of the disease.…”
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PANoptosis in Bacterial Infections: A Double-Edged Sword Balancing Host Immunity and Pathogenesis by Xiaoe He, Xiangyan Jiang, Jiayin Guo, Hui Sun, Jing Yang

“…It plays a dual role in the host immune response to bacterial infections. On one hand, PANoptosis acts as a protective mechanism by inducing the death of infected cells to eliminate pathogens and releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines to amplify the immune response. …”
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Protection against SHIV-KB9 Infection by Combining rDNA and rFPV Vaccines Based on HIV Multiepitope and p24 Protein in Chinese Rhesus Macaques by Chang Li, Zhenwei Shen, Xiao Li, Jieying Bai, Lin Zeng, Mingyao Tian, Ying Jin Song, Ming Ye, Shouwen Du, Dayong Ren, Cunxia Liu, Na Zhu, Dandan Sun, Yi Li, Ningyi Jin

“…The current research suggests that rapid reaction speed, appropriate response strength, and long-lasting immune response time may be key protection factors for AIDS vaccine. …”
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Lymphatic vessel network injury reduces local tumor control despite preservation of the tumor-draining lymph node by Lauren N. Liebman, Yang Shen, Zachary S. Buchwald, Zhanna Nepiyushchikh, Zhiming Qi, Andrés J. García, J. Brandon Dixon

“…Our findings suggest that preservation of the functional tumor-draining lymphatic network may be essential in promoting a robust antitumor immune response.…”
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(Mesenchymal) Stem Cell-Based Therapy in Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Animal Model: Risk of Immunogenicity and Tumorigenicity by Ž. Večerić-Haler, A. Cerar, M. Perše

“…Although MSCs have potent immunosuppressive properties, animal studies also suggest that transplanted MSCs may elicit immune response. Interestingly, tumorigenicity of transplanted MSCs in animal studies has been rarely studied. …”
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Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) and Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs): Two Potential Targets for COVID-19 Treatment by Sebastiano Cicco, Gerolamo Cicco, Vito Racanelli, Angelo Vacca

“…The persistent excessive inflammatory response can build up a clinical picture that is very difficult to manage and potentially fatal. Modulating the immune response plays a key role in fighting the disease. …”
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Role of Mast Cells and Type 2 Innate Lymphoid (ILC2) Cells in Lung Transplantation by Esmaeil Mortaz, Saeede Amani, Sharon Mumby, Ian M. Adcock, Mehrnaz Movassaghi, Jelle Folkerts, Johan Garssen, Gert Folkerts

“…MCs modulate both the innate and the adaptive immune response in inflammatory disorders including transplantation. …”
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Role of Microbiota and Innate Immunity in Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection by Stefano Bibbò, Loris Riccardo Lopetuso, Gianluca Ianiro, Teresa Di Rienzo, Antonio Gasbarrini, Giovanni Cammarota

“…In this narrative review, we discuss how the intestinal microbiota modifications and the modulation of innate immune response can lead to and exacerbate Clostridium difficile infection.…”
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In vitro evaluation of the immunomodulatory and antibacterial activities of calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3) as a potential application for aerobic vaginitis treatment - prel... by Anna Tomusiak-Plebanek, Grażyna Więcek, Edyta Golińska, Magdalena Strus

“…It is known that calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, plays an important role in modulating the immune response in several inflammatory diseases. The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate in vitro the influence of calcitriol on the immune response of human vaginal epithelial cells to bacterial infection. …”
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