Serum Levels of Soluble ST2 and IL-10 Are Associated with Disease Severity in Patients with IgA Nephropathy by Zhihui Zhang, Haifeng Wang, Li Zhang, Rebecca Crew, Nan Zhang, Xiaolei Liu, Yanfang Jiang

“…The IL-33/ST2 axis is involved in humoral immune responses. Method. The concentrations of sera IL-33 and sST2 in 74 patients and 34 healthy controls (HC) were measured by ELISA. …”
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Recent advances in bacterial outer membrane vesicles: Effects on the immune system, mechanisms and their usage for tumor treatment by Shuo Xiang, Qiufang Yao, Arshad Khan, Dong Wang

“…These features allow OMVs to stimulate immune system activation, generate immune responses, and serve as efficient drug delivery vehicles. …”
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Innate Lymphoid Cells: Regulators of Gut Barrier Function and Immune Homeostasis by Hui Fan, Aiyun Wang, Yuan Wang, Ye Sun, Jing Han, Wenxing Chen, Shijun Wang, Yuanyuan Wu, Yin Lu

“…Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), identified in the early years of this century as a new class of leukocyte family unlike the B or T lymphocytes, play a unique role bridging the innate and adaptive immune responses in mucosal immunity. Their origin, differentiation, and activation process and functions have caught global interest. …”
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Klebsiella pneumoniae Biofilms and Their Role in Disease Pathogenesis by Maria Eduarda Souza Guerra, Giulia Destro, Brenda Vieira, Alice S. Lima, Lucio Fabio Caldas Ferraz, Anders P. Hakansson, Michelle Darrieux, Thiago Rojas Converso

“…Bacteria in the biofilm are shielded from immune responses and antibiotics. The present review discusses the characteristics of K. pneumoniae biofilms, factors affecting biofilm development, and their contribution to infections. …”
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An Update on Anti-COVID-19 Vaccines and the Challenges to Protect Against New SARS-CoV-2 Variants by Fábio Mambelli, Ana Carolina V. S. C. de Araujo, Jéssica P. Farias, Kivia Q. de Andrade, Luis C. S. Ferreira, Paola Minoprio, Luciana C. C. Leite, Sergio C. Oliveira

“…Given the impact of the pandemic, the continuous changes of the virus, and present vaccine technologies, this review analyzes how, so far, we have met the challenge posed by the emergence of new variants and discusses how next-generation pan-coronavirus vaccines, with enhanced longevity and breadth of immune responses, may be tackled with alternative administration routes and antigen delivery platforms. …”
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Glycyrrhizin attenuates renal inflammation in a mouse Con A-hepatitis model via the IL-25/M2 axis by Lingyun Li, Yuanyue Zhang, Zhongyan Wang, Xiangyu Chen, Min Fang

“…IL-25 regulates inflammation by modulating type 2 immune responses, but the mechanism by which IL-25 affects kidney disease remains unclear. …”
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Blood from septic patients with necrotising soft tissue infection treated with hyperbaric oxygen reveal different gene expression patterns compared to standard treatment by Julie Vinkel, Alfonso Buil, Ole Hyldegaard

“…Sepsis encompasses different endotypes that are associated with specific immune responses. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) treatment activates the cells oxygen sensing mechanisms that are interlinked with inflammatory pathways. …”
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The Impact of Zinc Supplementation on the Course of Infections by Justyna Woźniak, Ewelina Kopczyńska, Piotr Kulej, Wiktor Biesiada, Justyna Weronika Kmieć, Anna-Mariia Chernysh, Aleksandra Dusińska, Jakub Waszczyński, Kamila Fuczyło, Karolina Stankevič

“…Deficiency weakened immune responses, increasing infection risk. Zinc supplementation, especially with vitamins D and C, improved immune function, shortened infection duration, and alleviated symptoms. …”
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The role of SASP in ischemic stroke: a deep dive into cellular mechanisms by Dong Xie, Yang Liu, Fang-Biao Xu, Jin-Sheng Zhang

“…Enrichment analysis divulged a significant association of Ccl3 with the cell apoptosis pathway and Lcp1 with immune responses. The Ccl3 gene is pivotal in basophils and basophil-neutrophil crosstalk. …”
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HERVs Endophenotype in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Human Endogenous Retroviruses, Specific Immunoreactivity, and Disease Association in Different Family Members by Marco Bo, Alessandra Carta, Chiara Cipriani, Vanna Cavassa, Elena Rita Simula, Nguyen Thi Huyen, Giang Thi Hang Phan, Marta Noli, Claudia Matteucci, Stefano Sotgiu, Emanuela Balestrieri, Leonardo Antonio Sechi

“…Certain HERV families show unique expression patterns and immune responses in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients compared to healthy controls, suggesting their potential as biomarkers. …”
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Identification of hub genes, non-coding RNAs and pathways in Renal cell carcinoma (RCC): A comprehensive in silico study by Ahmad Golestanifar, Hengameh Khedri, Parisa Noorabadi, Mohammadreza Saberiyan

“…Results: Key findings include the identification of hub genes such as EGFR, FN1, IL6, and ITGAM, which were closely associated with immune responses, cell signaling, and metabolic dysregulation in KIRC. …”
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Integrating AI into Cancer Immunotherapy—A Narrative Review of Current Applications and Future Directions by David B. Olawade, Aanuoluwapo Clement David-Olawade, Temitope Adereni, Eghosasere Egbon, Jennifer Teke, Stergios Boussios

“…However, the complexity of immune responses and tumor heterogeneity challenges its effectiveness. …”
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The pathomechanism of bone marrow edema in the femoral head necrosis with pericollapse stage by Liang Mo, Zhangzheng Wang, Mengyu Jiang, Chi Zhou, Chao Ma, Yinuo Fan, Wei He, Zhenqiu Chen, Yuhao Liu

“…Meanwhile, data-independent Acquisition (DIA) proteomics technology was utilized to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) within bone tissue. 141, 299 and 852 DEPs were identified in femoral neck, necrotic and sclerotic regions, respectively. Immune responses, inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress were markedly altered in ONFH cases with BME. …”
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Effects of Traumeel (Tr14) on Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage Response in Healthy Subjects: A Double-Blind RCT by Kerstin Muders, Christian Pilat, Vanessa Deuster, Torsten Frech, Karsten Krüger, Jörn Pons-Kühnemann, Frank-Christoph Mooren

“…The results of the current study indicate that Tr14 seems to limit exercise-induced muscle damage most likely via attenuation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01912469).…”
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Human Herpesviruses, Bacteria, and Fungi in Gingivitis and Periodontitis Pediatric Subjects: A Systematic Review by Federica Di Spirito, Massimo Pisano, Mario Caggiano, Giuseppina De Benedetto, Maria Pia Di Palo, Gianluigi Franci, Massimo Amato

“…Viruses such as HSV-I (100%), CMV (17.8%), and EBV-I (22.09%) coexisted in a likely latent state, maintained by effective immune responses. In pediatric periodontitis, biofilms were more diverse and pathogenic, with increased prevalence of <i>A. actinomycetemcomitans</i> (56.09%), <i>P. gingivalis</i> (55.4%), and <i>T. forsythia</i> (35.9%). …”
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Protective Effect of CXCR3+CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Cao Jun, Li Qingshu, Wei Ke, Li Ping, Dong Jun, Luo Jie, Min Su

“…Regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress excessive immune responses and are potential therapeutic targets in autoimmune disease and organ transplantation rejection. …”
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Advancing the Fight Against Cervical Cancer: The Promise of Therapeutic HPV Vaccines by Qian Zheng, Misi He, Zejia Mao, Yue Huang, Xiuying Li, Ling Long, Mingfang Guo, Dongling Zou

“…Currently, there are no approved therapeutic HPV vaccines worldwide; however, active progress is being made in clinical research and development using multiple platforms such as peptides, proteins, DNA, RNA, bacterial vectors, viral vectors, and cell-based, each offering relative advantages and limitations for delivering HPV antigens and generating targeted immune responses. We outline preferred vaccine parameters, including indications, target populations, safety considerations, efficacy considerations, and immunization strategies. …”
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PMA Induces Vaccine Adjuvant Activity by the Modulation of TLR Signaling Pathway by Dool-Ri Oh, Hu Won Kang, Jong-Ro Kim, Sunoh Kim, In-Kyu Park, Joon Haeng Rhee, Won Keun Oh, Young Ran Kim

“…Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands are being developed for use as vaccine adjuvants and as immunomodulators because of their ability to stimulate innate and adaptive immune responses. Flagellin, a TLR5 ligand, was reported to show potent mucosal vaccine adjuvant activity. …”
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RBM47 is a novel immunotherapeutic target and prognostic biomarker in gliomas by Wei Wei, Yongfu Cao, Xin Lu, Long Wang, Jianbin Li, Guojun Deng, Donghai Li, Limin Xiao

“…Abstract The role of RBM47, an RNA-binding protein, in shaping the immune landscape of gliomas and tumor immune responses is yet to be fully studied. Therefore, a comprehensive investigation into the immunomodulatory roles of RBM47 in gliomas was conducted, leveraging gene expression data from multi-omic datasets. …”
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Radio-protective effects of ultra-fine bubble hydrogen water and serum protein responses in whole-body radiation-exposed mice by Masaru Yamaguchi, Khin Thandar Htun, Youta Tatara, Yoshiaki Sato, Masato Hosoda, Suchart Kothan, Chikashi Kamimura, Osamu Inanami, Ikuo Kashiwakura

“…Twenty-six serum proteins involved in inflammatory and immune responses were significantly identified in UBHW-fed mice by proteomics, and UBHW may enhance and regulate these functions, resulting in reduced damage in mice exposed to WBI. …”
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