Transcriptional induction of the IMD signaling pathway and associated antibacterial activity in the digestive tract of cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) by Katie Weber, Dhruva Karnik, Lisa D. Brown

“…Conclusions Our findings provide essential insights into the potential mechanisms by which cat fleas regulate immune responses in their digestive tract against different bacterial species. …”
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Dual Role of Bacteria in Carcinoma: Stimulation and Inhibition by Suad A Al-Hilu, Wisam H Al-Shujairi

“…In this review, we discuss links between the bacterial species and cancer, with focus on immune responses for the stimulation of tumor cells such as induction of inflammation. …”
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Cytokine-armed oncolytic herpes simplex viruses: a game-changer in cancer immunotherapy? by Howard L Kaufman, Hongbin Wang, Dipongkor Saha, Samuel D Rabkin, Mia Borlongan, Uyen Le, Hans J Nauwynck

“…Oncolytic viruses are agents that mediate antitumor activity by directly killing tumor cells and inducing immune responses. Talimogene laherparepvec is an oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (oHSV), approved for the treatment of recurrent melanoma, and the virus encodes the human cytokine, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). …”
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Impact of Combined Antiretroviral Treatment (cART) on Latent Cytomegalovirus Infection by Aura Temereanca, Luminita Ene, Gratiela Tardei, Camelia Grancea, Cristian L. Achim, Simona Ruta

“…A good immune response to treatment was significantly associated with CMV-specific cellular immunity: IFN-γ level was positively correlated with CD4 and CD8-T cell counts. …”
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Proteomic characterization of molecular mechanisms of paraquat-induced lung injury in a mouse model by Yu Qing Zhou, Jin Jin Peng, Li Ping Shan, Wei Liu

“…Conclusions PQ-induced ALI depends on over-activation of immune responses by damaged alveolar/endothelial cells, and the complement/coagulation cascade pathway plays a key role during this process. …”
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Regulation of fibronectin and collagens type I, III and VI by TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-13, and tofacitinib by Frederik S. Gillesberg, Martin Pehrsson, Anne-Christine Bay-Jensen, Peder Frederiksen, Morten Karsdal, Bent W. Deleuran, Tue W. Kragstrup, Satoshi Kubo, Yoshiya Tanaka, Joachim H. Mortensen

“…TNF-α and IL-13 are key cytokines in Th1 and Th2 immune responses, respectively, while TGF-β1 is the principal pro-fibrotic mediator. …”
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Natural Killer T (NKT) Cells and Periodontitis: Potential Regulatory Role of NKT10 Cells by Samanta Melgar-Rodríguez, Emilio A. Cafferata, Nicolás I. Díaz, Miguel A. Peña, Luis González-Osuna, Carolina Rojas, Alfredo Sierra-Cristancho, Angélica M. Cárdenas, Jaime Díaz-Zúñiga, Rolando Vernal

“…Functionally, NKT cells are capable of performing either effector or suppressor immune responses, depending on their production of proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines, respectively. …”
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Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1-Induced Protein 1 Is Highly Expressed in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Negatively Regulates Neutrophil Activities by Jian Lin, Gengfeng Li, Chunjin Xu, Huiying Lu, Cui Zhang, Zhi Pang, Zhanju Liu

“…Monocyte chemotactic protein 1-induced protein 1 (MCPIP-1) is highly expressed in activated immune cells and plays an important role in negatively regulating immune responses. However, its role in regulating neutrophil functions in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still unclear. …”
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Prognosis Analysis and Validation of Fatty Acid Metabolism-Related lncRNAs and Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Cervical Cancer by Xiaolin Lang, Changchang Huang, Hongyin Cui

“…The association between risk model and immune responses was analyzed. In this study, we screened 9 differently expressed lncRNAs associated with the clinical outcome of CC patients. …”
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Adenosine-Induced NLRP11 in B Lymphoblasts Suppresses Human CD4+ T Helper Cell Responses by Irem Ozel, Ilgin Akkaya, Ece Oylumlu, Goksu Uzel, Ceren Ciraci

“…The true stimulus of NLRP11 is still unclear to date, so the current study is built upon NLRP11 induction via adenosine stimulation and that activation can shape adaptive immune responses in a caspase-1-independent manner. We examined the regulation and mechanism of adenosine responsiveness via NLRP11 in human Daudi Burkitt’s B lymphoma cells and their effects on human peripheral CD4+ T lymphocytes from healthy individuals. …”
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Influence of physicochemical factors on the interaction of metallic nanoparticles with immune system cells by Sinai G. Gutiérrez-Cruz, Alejandro Muñoz-Diosdado, Ramón A. Gutiérrez-Calleja, Octavio Rodríguez-Cortés, Ana E. Ortiz-Reyez, Raúl Flores-Mejía

“…It modulates the intensity of immune responses, while exposure time determines whether the immune response manifests as acute or chronic. …”
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Loss of PKM2 dysregulates inflammatory signaling in the infarcted murine heart by Katie C. Y. Lee, Allison L. Williams, Akitoshi Hara, Vedbar S. Khadka, Jeffrey Hayashi, Ralph V. Shohet

“…However, PKM2−/− infarcted hearts had increased abundances of transcripts associated with oxidative stress and immune responses. Immunohistochemistry revealed greater abundance of macrophages in PKM2−/− hearts prior to MI, with a small increase in CD86+ macrophages in PKM2−/− infarcted hearts. …”
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An Open‐Label Phase II Trial of Pembrolizumab, an Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Alone or in Combination With Oral Azacitidine as Second‐Line Therapy for Advanced Head and Neck Squamo... by Vinod K. Ramani, Srimonta Gayen, Radheshyam Naik

“…ABSTRACT Background and Aims Sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy depends in part on the genetic and epigenetic makeup of cancer cells, and CD8 T‐lymphocytes that mediate immune responses. Epigenetics are heritable reversible changes in gene expression that occur without any changes in the nuclear DNA sequence or DNA copy number. …”
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Host-pathogen interaction in invasive Salmonellosis. by Hanna K de Jong, Chris M Parry, Tom van der Poll, W Joost Wiersinga

“…The gut microbiome may be an important modulator of this immune response. S. Typhimurium usually causes a local intestinal immune response, whereas S. …”
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Codon optimized influenza H1 HA sequence but not CTLA-4 targeting of HA antigen to enhance the efficacy of DNA vaccines in an animal model by Dito Anurogo, Chia-Yuan Chen, Chu-Chi Lin, Jeanne Adiwinata Pawitan, Daniel W. Qiu, J. Timothy Qiu

“…Contrarily, CTLA-4-fused DNA vaccines did not significantly amplify the immune response.…”
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An mRNA-Based Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine Elicits Strong Neutralizing Antibody Responses and Protects Rodents Without Vaccine-Associated Enhanced Respiratory Disease by Jianglong Li, Haiyan Long, Shaoyi Chen, Zhendong Zhang, Shuang Li, Qi Liu, Jun Liu, Jiaru Cai, Liping Luo, Yucai Peng

“…Results: LVRNA007 induced robust humoral and cellular immune responses in both mice and cotton rats, with neutralization antibody levels in the immunized animals maintained at high levels for over one year. …”
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Immune-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Stephan R Targan, Richard L Deem, Fergus Shanahan

“…Simultaneous release of these cytokines in the vicinity of epithelial cells during immune responses could play an important role in mucosal damage in IBD. …”
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Gut microbiota-derived metabolites and chronic inflammatory diseases by Alejandra Vargas, Benjamin L. Robinson, Kevin Houston, Ana Rosa Vilela Sangay, Michael Saadeh, Steve D’Souza, David A. Johnson

“…These metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, and tryptophan derivatives, are key in modulating immune responses and regulating metabolic functions. Dysbiosis disrupts the production and function of these metabolites, thereby contributing to immune dysregulation, chronic inflammation, and disease progression. …”
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Immune-Boosting and Antiviral Effects of Antioxidants in COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Therapeutic Perspective by Stefano Sanduzzi Zamparelli, Alessandro Sanduzzi Zamparelli, Marialuisa Bocchino

“…Antioxidants have garnered considerable attention for their potential role in managing COVID-19 pneumonia by mitigating oxidative stress and modulating immune responses. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the literature on the use of antioxidants in hospitalized patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. …”
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Flavins and Flavoproteins in the Neuroimmune Landscape of Stress Sensitization and Major Depressive Disorder by Schrier MS, Smirnova MI, Nemeth DP, Deth RC, Quan N

“…Flavins are also known for their importance in immune responses. This review offers a unique perspective that considers the redox-active cofactors, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), as vital substrates for linking MDD-related maladaptive processes together, by permitting stress-induced enhancement of microglial interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) signaling. …”
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