Unraveling the Molecular Mechanisms of Mosquito Salivary Proteins: New Frontiers in Disease Transmission and Control by Jiayin Guo, Xiaoe He, Jianli Tao, Hui Sun, Jing Yang

“…Specific mosquito salivary proteins (MSPs) can promote pathogen transmission through mechanisms that either regulate hosts’ anti-infective immune responses or directly enhance pathogens’ activity. …”
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TNF-α Promotes IFN-γ-Induced CD40 Expression and Antigen Process in Myb-Transformed Hematological Cells by Wenyi Gu, Jiezhong Chen, Lei Yang, Kong-Nan Zhao

“…Tumour necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ and interleukin-4 are critical cytokines in regulating the immune responses against infections and tumours. In this study, we investigated the effects of three cytokines on CD40 expression in Myb-transformed hematological cells and their regulatory roles in promoting these cells into dendritic cells. …”
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The Decreased Treg Cells Number Associated with Retinal Lesion Size in Ocular Toxoplasmosis by Ovi Sofia, Muna Amalia, Herryanto Thomassawa, Loeki Enggar Fitri, Seskoati Prayitnaningsih, Hani Susianti

“…The imbalance of the immune response is an important factor contributing to the incidence of ocular toxoplasmosis (OT). …”
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Transcytosis of T4 Bacteriophage Through Intestinal Cells Enhances Its Immune Activation by Amanda Carroll-Portillo, October Barnes, Cristina N. Coffman, Cody A. Braun, Sudha B. Singh, Henry C. Lin

“…Given that phages reside in the same body niches as bacteria, they share the propensity to stimulate or quench immune responses depending on the nature of their interactions with host immune cells. …”
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Virological Mechanisms in the Coinfection between HIV and HCV by Maria Carla Liberto, Emilia Zicca, Grazia Pavia, Angela Quirino, Nadia Marascio, Carlo Torti, Alfredo Focà

“…A specific cross-talk among HIV and HCV proteins in coinfected patients modulates the natural history, the immune responses, and the life cycle of both viruses. These effects are mediated by immune mechanisms and by a cross-talk between the two viruses which could interfere with host defense mechanisms. …”
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Trichostatin A Promotes the Generation and Suppressive Functions of Regulatory T Cells by Cristian Doñas, Macarena Fritz, Valeria Manríquez, Gabriela Tejón, María Rosa Bono, Alejandra Loyola, Mario Rosemblatt

“…Regulatory T cells are a specific subset of lymphocytes that suppress immune responses and play a crucial role in the maintenance of self-tolerance. …”
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Innovative immunotherapies and emerging treatments in type 1 diabetes management by Malek Zarei, Mohammad Abbas Sheikholeslami, Masoud Mozaffari, Yassar Mortada

“…., Anakinra and Etanercept), have shown potential in preserving beta cell function by modulating immune responses. Antigen-dependent strategies focus on inducing immune tolerance to specific beta cell antigens, with mixed results from clinical trials involving autoantigen vaccines like GAD65. …”
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Recent advances in nutritional metabolism studies on SARS-CoV-2 infection by Yufen Jiang, Linle Xu, Xuexing Zheng, Hongbo Shi

“…By monitoring metabolic changes, infection severity can be predicted early, and modulating these metabolic pathways may help reduce inflammatory responses, improve immune responses, and reduce the risk of thrombosis. Research on the relationship between metabolism and SARS-CoV-2 infection provides an important scientific basis for addressing the global challenge posed by COVID-19, however, further studies are needed to validate these findings and provide more effective strategies for disease control.…”
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Oral Tolerance: A New Tool for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Inflammatory Disorders and Liver-Directed Gene Therapy by Yaron Ilan

“…Thus, oral tolerance induces suppressor lymphocytes that mediate immune response downregulation by induction of a shift from a proinflammatory T helper cell type 1 to an anti-inflammatory T helper cell type 2 immune response.…”
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Development of Delivery Systems Enhances the Potency of Cell-Based HIV-1 Therapeutic Vaccine Candidates by Amin Hadi, Abbas Rastgoo, Maryam Eskandarian, Nooshin Haghighipour, Azam Bolhassani

“…The recent study assessed immune responses generated by MSCs and DCs, which were derived from mouse bone marrow and modified with Nef antigen using novel methods in mice. …”
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Necroptosis could serve as an indicator of therapeutic resistance in viral induced well-differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma? by Nitya Krishnasamy, Ramya Ramadoss, Suganya Panneer Selvam, Sandhya Sundar, K. Hemashree

“…Concurrently, alterations in pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines drive tumorigenesis in viral-induced squamous cell carcinoma, impairing anti-viral immune responses. Conclusion: Monitoring necroptosis levels in viral-induced OSCC offers insights into therapy resistance, as high levels may indicate reduced responsiveness to standard treatments. …”
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Serum alpha-1 acid glycoprotein and gallstone risk in US adult women: a cross-sectional analysis of the NHANES by Xiaocheng Li, Peiling He

“…BackgroundGallstone disease, a common biliary disorder, is linked to inflammation and immune responses. However, the association between serum alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP), a key inflammatory marker, and gallstone risk remains underexplored.MethodsData from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2020 and 2021–2023 cycles were analyzed. …”
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Sustainable Nutritional Strategies for Gut Health in Weaned Pigs: The Role of Reduced Dietary Crude Protein, Organic Acids and Butyrate Production by Kathryn Ruth Connolly, Torres Sweeney, John V. O’Doherty

“…Integrating these strategies can enhance gut integrity, microbial resilience, and immune responses in weaned piglets. Their combination offers a sustainable, antimicrobial-free approach to improving health and productivity in modern pig production systems.…”
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Immunotherapies to Nano-Immunotherapies: Advances in Immune Targeting in Bladder Cancer by Beatriz Ramos, Dakota Rogers

“…Recent advances include the use of gold nanoparticles, TLR agonist-loaded nanoparticles, and exosome-based delivery systems to boost immune responses. Additionally, nanovaccine strategies incorporating tumor-associated antigens and immune adjuvants show potential for personalized cancer immunotherapy. …”
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Elegant and Innovative Recoding Strategies for Advancing Vaccine Development by François Meurens, Fanny Renois, Uladzimir Karniychuk

“…Recoding enhances the frequency of CpG dinucleotides, which in turn activates immune responses and ensures a strong attenuation of the pathogens. …”
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Biochemistry of Bacterial Biofilm: Insights into Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms and Therapeutic Intervention by Kashish Azeem, Sadaf Fatima, Asghar Ali, Ayesha Ubaid, Fohad Mabood Husain, Mohammad Abid

“…Biofilms, composed of structured communities of bacteria embedded in a self-produced extracellular matrix, pose a significant challenge due to their heightened resistance to antibiotics and immune responses. This review highlights the mechanisms underpinning antibiotic resistance within bacterial biofilms, elucidating the adaptive strategies employed by microorganisms to withstand conventional antimicrobial agents. …”
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Scrub typhus association with autoimmune biomarkers and clinical implications. by Hwanseung You, Jeongeun Song, Seonglyeong Kim, Sang-Min Oh, Joo-Hee Hwang, Jeong-Hwan Hwang, Wan-Hee Yoo, Yunjung Choi, Chang-Seop Lee

“…The distribution of ANA titers revealed a progressive increase in mean ANA and double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid Immunoglobulin M (anti-dsDNA IgM) titers as the duration after symptom onset increased, indicating an augmented immune response over time. This trend was observed along with a systematic elevation in median anti-dsDNA IgM titers, highlighting the dynamic nature of immune responses in scrub typhus infection.…”
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Genetic advancements in breast cancer treatment: a review by Marzieh Shokoohi, Sadaf Sedaghatshoar, Homaira Arian, Milad Mokarami, Fatemeh Habibi, Fatemeh Bamarinejad

“…Simultaneously, OVT leverages genetically engineered viruses to selectively destroy cancer cells and stimulate robust antitumor immune responses. Despite their potential, gene therapies face challenges, including off-target effects, delivery issues, and ethical concerns. …”
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Physalis peruviana calyces extract ameliorate oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune loss in rats-exposed to hexaflumuron by Mona M. Hashem, Eman I. Hassanen, Neven H. Hassan, Marwa A. Ibrahim, Marwa Y. Issa, Mohamed A. Farag, Sherif A. Hamdy

“…Results HFM exposure suppressed immune responses and caused organ damage. Notably, the co-administration of PP extract with HFM reversed these effects, indicating its ability to reduce oxidative stress and protect the immune system. …”
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HIFU-CCL19/21 Axis Enhances Dendritic Cell Vaccine Efficacy in the Tumor Microenvironment by Bum-Seo Baek, Hyunmi Park, Ji-Woong Choi, Eun-Young Lee, Seung-Yong Seong

“…This study examines the potential of combining mechanical high-intensity focused ultrasound (M-HIFU) with dendritic cell (DC) vaccines to enhance immune responses against OLFM4-expressing tumors, a CSC marker linked to immune evasion and tumor growth. …”
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