Insights into the Roles of B Cells in Patients with Sepsis by Xijie Dong, Hao Tu, Shuang Qin, Xiangjun Bai, Fan Yang, Zhanfei Li

“…Sepsis-related deaths primarily occur during immunosuppression; the disease can hamper the numbers and function of B cells, which mediate innate and adaptive immune responses to maintain immune homeostasis. Dysfunction of B cells, along with aggravated immunosuppression, are closely related to poor prognosis. …”
Get full text

Neutrophil Reverse Migration Becomes Transparent with Zebrafish by Taylor W. Starnes, Anna Huttenlocher

“…Still, the mechanisms underlying neutrophil reverse migration and its effects on the resolution or priming of immune responses remain unclear. Here, we review the current knowledge of neutrophil reverse migration, its potential roles in host immunity, and the live imaging tools that make zebrafish a valuable model for increasing our knowledge of neutrophil behavior in vivo.…”
Get full text

Microbiota modifications in prehabilitation – the next step towards comprehensive preparation for surgery. The scoping review by Igor Łoniewski, Tomasz Banasiewicz, Jerzy Sieńko, Karolina Skonieczna-Zydecka, Ewa Stachowska

“…Evidence from systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomised controlled trials suggests that microbiota-targeted interventions can reduce SSIs, enhance immune responses, and promote quicker recovery. The review advocates for an individualised approach to prehabilitation, incorporating microbiota modifications based on patient-specific factors and surgery type. …”
Get full text

Dual role of pyroptosis in liver diseases: mechanisms, implications, and therapeutic perspectives by Siyuan Yang, Yunyi Zou, Chunhua Zhong, Zuoqiong Zhou, Xiyang Peng, Changfa Tang

“…It facilitates the clearance of damaged hepatocytes, preventing secondary injury, and triggers immune responses to eliminate pathogens and damaged cells. …”
Get full text

Tumor-induced metabolic immunosuppression: Mechanisms and therapeutic targets by Jean-Ehrland Ricci

“…Summary: Metabolic reprogramming in both immune and cancer cells plays a crucial role in the antitumor immune response. Recent studies indicate that cancer metabolism not only sustains carcinogenesis and survival via altered signaling but also modulates immune cell function. …”
Get full text

Pathogenicity, Host Responses and Implications for Management of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infection by Nathan K Ho, Aleah C Henry, Kathene Johnson-Henry, Philip M Sherman

“…The present review focuses on the history, epidemiology and evolution of the pathogen; provides a mechanistic overview of major virulence factors (including Shiga toxins, locus of enterocyte effacement pathogenicity island and pO157 plasmid); discusses host immune responses to infection; considers available animal models; and provides an overview of current and potential future management considerations.…”
Get full text

Platelet‐activating factor: a potential therapeutic target to improve cancer immunotherapy by Qi Yan, Hemn Mohammadpour

“…The tumor microenvironment (TME) fosters cancer progression by supporting the differentiation and proliferation of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which play a critical role in suppressing immune responses and facilitating tumor growth. Recent findings by Dahal et al. reveal that platelet‐activating factor (PAF), a lipid mediator elevated in the TME, contributes to the differentiation of neutrophils into immunosuppressive neutrophils. …”
Get full text

Medicinal products used for the treatment and prophylaxis of COVID-19 by A. Vaitkevičius

“…The article summarizes the known data on the efficacy and safety of antiviral agents and medicines used to control immune responses, precautions and possible adverse effects on the nervous system, which could be beneficial to the physicians in clinical practice. …”
Get full text

Regulation of Immune Cell Functions by Metabolic Reprogramming by Jaehong Kim

“…Recent findings show that the metabolic status of immune cells can determine immune responses. Metabolic reprogramming between aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, previously speculated as exclusively observable in cancer cells, exists in various types of immune and stromal cells in many different pathological conditions other than cancer. …”
Get full text

Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity and NK Cell-Driven Immune Escape in HIV Infection: Implications for HIV Vaccine Development by Gamze Isitman, Ivan Stratov, Stephen J. Kent

“…There is an opportunity to harness these immune responses in the design of more effective HIV vaccines.…”
Get full text

STAT1/STAT3 Gain of Function and Mechanisms of Immune Dysregulation by Ayça Kıykım

“…The Janus kinase (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways are essential for maintaining prompt immune responses to various cytokines. Both loss- and gain-of-function mutations in the JAK and STAT molecules result in different disease profiles in inborn errors of immunity. …”
Get full text

Coinhibitory Molecules in Autoimmune Diseases by Norihiko Watanabe, Hiroshi Nakajima

“…Coinhibitory molecules such as CTLA-4, PD-1 and BTLA negatively regulate immune responses. Multiple studies indicate that the deficiency or mutation of coinhibitory molecules leads to the development of autoimmune diseases in mice and humans, indicating that the negative signals from coinhibitory molecules are crucial for the prevention of autoimmunity. …”
Get full text

Dynamics of stochastic mutation to immunodominance by Yu Wu, Xiaopeng Zhao, Mingjun Zhang

“…Although a virus contains several epitopes that can be recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), the immune responses against different epitopes are not uniform. …”
Get full text

Pulmonary granuloma formation during latent Cryptococcus neoformans infection in C3HeB/FeJ mice involves progression through three immunological phases by Jovany J. Betancourt, Minna Ding, J. Marina Yoder, Issa Mutyaba, Hannah M. Atkins, Gabriela De la Cruz, David B. Meya, Kirsten Nielsen

“…Immunocompetent host immune responses, such as formation of pulmonary granulomas, control the infection and prevent disseminated disease. …”
Get full text

A novel platform for engineered AAV-based vaccines by Sabrina Babutzka, Miranda Gehrke, Anastasia Papadopoulou, Maria Diedrichs-Möhring, Maria Giannaki, Lena Hennis, Bastian Föhr, Cale Kooyman, Andreas Osterman, Evangelia Yannaki, Gerhild Wildner, Hermann Ammer, Stylianos Michalakis

“…Moreover, the AAV.RBDs were able to trigger RBD-specific cellular immune responses in peripheral human lymphocytes. In conclusion, this novel AAV-based next-generation vaccine platform allows for the presentation of large antigenic sequences to elicit strong and specific immune responses. …”
Get full text

Effectivity of prebiotic mannan oligosaccharides as the immunity enhancer and growth response on whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei against white spot disease by Linuwih Aluh Prastiti, Munti Yuhana, Widanarni, Widanarni

“…ABSTRACT   This study aimed to evaluate the immune response and growth performance of white shrimp administered with prebiotic mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) with dosages of (0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.8% in diet) and used in the feeding trial. …”
Get full text

Tracheal tuft cells release ATP and link innate to adaptive immunity in pneumonia by Noran Abdel Wadood, Monika I. Hollenhorst, Mohamed Ibrahem Elhawy, Na Zhao, Clara Englisch, Saskia B. Evers, Mahana Sabachvili, Stephan Maxeiner, Amanda Wyatt, Christian Herr, Ann-Kathrin Burkhart, Elmar Krause, Daniela Yildiz, Anja Beckmann, Soumya Kusumakshi, Dieter Riethmacher, Markus Bischoff, Sandra Iden, Sören L. Becker, Brendan J. Canning, Veit Flockerzi, Thomas Gudermann, Vladimir Chubanov, Robert Bals, Carola Meier, Ulrich Boehm, Gabriela Krasteva-Christ

“…Tuft cell stimulation also involves an adaptive immune response through recruitment of IL-17A secreting T helper cells. …”
Get full text

Safety and immunogenicity of Ad26.COV2.S in adolescents: Phase 2 randomized clinical trial by Jelena Tica, Veronica V. Rezelj, Benoit Baron, Vitalija van Paassen, Javier Zaidman, Lee Fairlie, Gert Scheper, Mathieu Le Gars, Frank Struyf, Macaya Douoguih, Javier Ruiz-Guiñazú

“…All 1- and 2-dose Ad26.COV2.S primary schedules elicited robust peak Spike-binding antibody responses and virus neutralizing titers against the reference strain, in participants with and without preexisting SARS-CoV-2 immunity. Immune responses were durable for at least 6 months. Spike-binding antibody responses were comparable to those elicited in young adults aged 18–25 years who received a standard dose of Ad26.COV2.S in Phase 3 efficacy studies Reduced doses/dose volume of Ad26.COV2.S had an acceptable safety profile and elicited robust humoral immune responses in adolescents aged 12–17 years. …”
Get full text

Characterizing immune biomarkers and effector CD8+ T-cell exhaustion in pancreatic adenocarcinoma via single-cell RNA sequencing profiling by Rawaa AlChalabi, Raghda Makia, Semaa A. Shaban, Ahmed AbdulJabbar Suleiman

“…Further clinical studies are necessary to validate the therapeutic potential of these anti-inflammatory drugs in enhancing immune responses in pancreatic cancer.…”
Get full text

Chemical cross‐linking facilitates antigen uptake and presentation and provides improved protection from Mpox with a dual‐antigen subunit vaccine by Long Chen, Chao Shang, Zihao Wang, Mengzhu Zheng, Cuiling Zhang, Dapeng Li, Zhanqun Yang, Yuchao Dong, Yuru Xu, Yunsheng Yuan, Shiyong Fan, Wu Zhong, Jian Lin, Xiao Li

“…Abstract Antigen uptake, processing, and presentation are crucial for the immune responses of protein‐based vaccines. Herein, we introduced a reversible chemical cross‐linking strategy to engineer protein antigens, which can be tracelessly removed upon antigen‐presenting cell (APC) uptake and cellular reduction. …”
Get full text