The Role of MicroRNAs in Regulatory T Cells by Chao Liu, Nannan Li, Guijian Liu

“…Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subpopulation of T cells that negatively regulate immune responses, which is essential to immune homeostasis. …”
Get full text

Additional nutritional considerations for preconditioning beef calves. by Philipe Moriel

“…Increasing the protein supply to stressed, preconditioning beef steers led to greater growth performance, and increased immune response to vaccination during a 42-day preconditioning period. …”
Get full text

Immunological Perspective: Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastritis by Hang Yang, Bing Hu

“…It can achieve persistent colonization by manipulating the host immune responses, which also causes mucosal damage and inflammation. …”
Get full text

Dendritic Cells under Hypoxia: How Oxygen Shortage Affects the Linkage between Innate and Adaptive Immunity by Sandra Winning, Joachim Fandrey

“…Dendritic cells (DCs) are considered as one of the main regulators of immune responses. They collect antigens, process them, and present typical antigenic structures to lymphocytes, thereby inducing an adaptive immune response. …”
Get full text

An overview of the human immune system and the role of interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) by Ashwinder Kaur, Chee-Mun Fang

“…To deploy effective immune responses, immune systems comprise various cells and molecules that communicate with each other via signaling pathways coordinated by gene regulatory networks. …”
Get full text

The Involvement of Microglial Cells in Japanese Encephalitis Infections by Thananya Thongtan, Chutima Thepparit, Duncan R. Smith

“…Microglia are brain-resident macrophages that play key roles in both the innate and adaptive immune responses in the CNS and are thus of importance in determining the pathology of encephalitis as a result of JEV infection.…”
Get full text

Immunity and Tolerance Induced by Intestinal Mucosal Dendritic Cells by Julio Aliberti

“…Under steady-state conditions, these cells have high tolerogenic potential, triggering differentiation of regulatory T cells to protect the host from unwanted proinflammatory immune responses to innocuous antigens or commensals. On the other hand, these cells must discriminate between commensal flora and invading pathogens and mount powerful immune response against pathogens. …”
Get full text

An Overview of Live Attenuated Recombinant Pseudorabies Viruses for Use as Novel Vaccines by Bo Dong, Dante S. Zarlenga, Xiaofeng Ren

“…Recombinant PRVs expressing both native and foreign antigens are able to stimulate immune responses. In this paper, we review the current status of live attenuated recombinant PRVs and live PRV-based vector vaccines with potential for controlling viral infections in animals.…”
Get full text

The development and maintenance of immunity against visceral leishmaniasis by Rahul Tiwari, Awnish Kumar, Vishal Kumar Singh, Rajneesh, Shashi Bhushan Chauhan, Shyam Sundar, Susanne Nylén, Christian Engwerda, Rajiv Kumar

“…Despite the advances in our understanding about the immune responses during leishmaniasis, the generation of long-lasting protective immunity via vaccination has yet to be achieved. …”
Get full text

Association between leukocyte telomere length and specific antibody levels after vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis by N. S. Yudin, V. A. Belyavskaya, V. N. Maksimov, D. E. Ivanoshchuk, P. S. Orlov, M. I. Voevoda

“…Hence, it necessitates the development of methods for predicting the magnitude of the immune response prior to vaccination. Telomere length can be considered as a promising prognostic parameter for assessing the immune response to vaccination. …”
Get full text

Comparison of Intranasal Outer Membrane Vesicles with Cholera Toxin and Injected MF59C.1 as Adjuvants for Malaria Transmission Blocking Antigens AnAPN1 and Pfs48/45 by Michael Pritsch, Najib Ben-Khaled, Michael Chaloupka, Sebastian Kobold, Nicole Berens-Riha, Annabell Peter, Gabriele Liegl, Sören Schubert, Michael Hoelscher, Thomas Löscher, Andreas Wieser

“…Purified protein vaccines often require adjuvants for efficient stimulation of immune responses. There is no licensed mucosal adjuvant on the market to adequately boost the immune response to purified antigens for intranasal applications in humans. …”
Get full text

Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics reveal SPP1-CD44 signaling drives primary resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in RCC by Junfeng Zhang, Qingyan Peng, Jin Fan, Fuzhong Liu, Hongbo Chen, Xing Bi, Shuai Yuan, Wei Jiang, Ting Pan, Kailing Li, Sihai Tan, Peng Chen

“…These interactions disrupted antigen presentation in immune effector cells and suppressed key chemokine and cytokine pathways, thereby impairing effective immune responses. In contrast, the sensitive group showed more active antigen presentation and cytokine signaling, which facilitated stronger immune responses. …”
Get full text

Truncated NS1 Influenza A Virus Induces a Robust Antigen-Specific Tissue-Resident T-Cell Response and Promotes Inducible Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Formation in Mice by Anna-Polina Shurygina, Marina Shuklina, Olga Ozhereleva, Ekaterina Romanovskaya-Romanko, Sofia Kovaleva, Andrej Egorov, Dmitry Lioznov, Marina Stukova

“….), are unable to antagonise the innate immune response. This creates a self-adjuvant effect enhancing heterologous protection by inducing a robust CD8+ T-cell response together with immunoregulatory mechanisms. …”
Get full text

MCT1 lactate transporter blockade re-invigorates anti-tumor immunity through metabolic rewiring of dendritic cells in melanoma by Camille Niveau, Mélanie Cettour-Cave, Stéphane Mouret, Eleonora Sosa Cuevas, Mylene Pezet, Benoît Roubinet, Hugo Gil, Florence De Fraipont, Ludovic Landemarre, Julie Charles, Philippe Saas, Caroline Aspord

“…Abstract Dendritic cells (DC) are key players in antitumor immune responses. Tumors exploit their plasticity to escape immune control; their aberrant surface carbohydrate patterns (e.g., glycans) shape immune responses through lectin binding, and manipulate the metabolism of immune cells, including DCs to alter their function and escape immune surveillance. …”
Get full text

BAFF and APRIL immunotherapy following Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination enhances protection against pulmonary tuberculosis in mice by Min Xie, Chen-Yu Tsai, Joshua Woo, Frank Nuritdinov, Melissa Cristaldo, Narineh M. Odjourian, Rosleine Antilus-Sainte, Maureen Dougher, Martin Gengenbacher, Martin Gengenbacher

“…Administered at birth, BCG induces broad immune responses against a large number of antigens shared with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), but protection wanes over time. …”
Get full text

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors diminish systemic proinflammatory responses to bacterial pathogens by Karthik Hullahalli, Katherine G. Dailey, Ryan Acbay, Masataka Suzuki, George I. Balazs, Matthew K. Waldor

“…ABSTRACT Bacterial infections can induce exuberant immune responses that can damage host tissues. Previously, we demonstrated that systemic Escherichia coli infection in mice causes tissue damage in the liver. …”
Get full text

Evaluation of the Expression of Infection-Related Long Noncoding RNAs among COVID-19 Patients: A Case-Control Study by Zahra Firoozi, Elham Mohammadisoleimani, Farzaneh Bagheri, Atefeh Taheri, Babak Pezeshki, Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh, Abdolreza Daraei, Jalal Karimi, Yousef Gholampour, Yaser Mansoori, Zahra Montaseri

“…Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a worldwide pandemic, activates signaling cascades and leads to innate immune responses and secretion of multiple chemokines and cytokines. …”
Get full text

Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of the Invaplex_AR-Detox <i>Shigella</i> Vaccine Co-Administered with the dmLT Adjuvant in Dutch and Zambian Adults: Study Protoc... by Geert V. T. Roozen, Nsofwa Sukwa, Masuzyo Chirwa, Jessica A. White, Marcus Estrada, Nicole Maier, Kevin R. Turbyfill, Renee M. Laird, Akamol E. Suvarnapunya, Aicha Sayeh, Flavia D’Alessio, Candice Marion, Laura Pattacini, Marie-Astrid Hoogerwerf, Rajagopal Murugan, Manuela Terrinoni, Jan R. Holmgren, Sodiomon B. Sirima, Sophie Houard, Michelo Simuyandi, Meta Roestenberg

“…The adjuvant dmLT has been shown to enhance Shigella immune responses in mice, has safely been administered intramuscularly, and was shown to enhance immune responses in healthy volunteers when given in combination with other antigens in phase I trials. …”
Get full text

An update on the ocular manifestations of dengue by Christina Wang, Arturo Castillo, Federico Cortes-Bejarano, Eduardo Lopez, Eduardo Cunha de Souza, Lihteh Wu

“…The precise pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in dengue infection involve a complex interplay between host immune responses, virus, and host genes. There is no specific treatment for ocular dengue. …”
Get full text

Immune Evasion Strategies of Pre-Erythrocytic Malaria Parasites by Hong Zheng, Zhangping Tan, Wenyue Xu

“…Although the robust host immune responses limit the development of the liver stage, malaria parasites have also evolved strategies to suppress host defenses at the pre-erythrocytic stage. …”
Get full text