The Role of Intracellular Organisms in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Arthritis by Animesh Singh, Sarah Karrar

“…Interest has, therefore, turned to host-pathogen interactions and whether aberrant immune responses to these could explain the development of arthritis. …”
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Cross-Talk between Apolipoprotein E and Cytokines by Hongliang Zhang, Li-Min Wu, Jiang Wu

“…Moreover, apoE modulates inflammatory and immune responses in an isoform-dependent manner. Correspondingly, inflammatory cytokines can either upregulate or downregulate the production of apoE in various tissue types. …”
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Functional Properties and Molecular Architecture of Leukotriene A4 Hydrolase, a Pivotal Catalyst of Chemotactic Leukotriene Formation by Jesper Z. Haeggström, Pär Nordlund, Marjolein M.G.M. Thunnissen

“…In addition, leukotriene B4 modulates immune responses, participates in the host defense against infections, and is a key mediator of PAF-induced lethal shock. …”
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The Role of Proteinase-Activated Receptors 1 and 2 in the Regulation of Periodontal Tissue Metabolism and Disease by E. S. Rovai, M. Holzhausen

“…The mechanisms through which PARs can respond to periodontal enzymes and result in appropriate immune responses have until recently been poorly understood. …”
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Influencing immunity: role of extracellular vesicles in tumor immune checkpoint dynamics by Ziyang Ye, Genpeng Li, Jianyong Lei

“…Abstract Immune checkpoint proteins (ICPs) serve as critical regulators of the immune system, ensuring protection against damage due to overly activated immune responses. However, within the tumor environment, excessive ICP activation weakens antitumor immunity. …”
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ULACNet-301, OPTIMO protocol: optimizing HPV vaccination regimen for cancer prevention in children and adolescents living with HIV by Delia Pinto-Santini, Emilia M. Jalil, Giovana Teixeira Fernandes, Genevieve Hilaire, Lenka Kolevic, Robinson Cabello, Beatriz Grinsztejn, William Pape, Marie Marcelle Deschamps, Margaret G. House, Emma Brofsky, Vikrant V. Sahasrabuddhe, Sayan Dasgupta, Siavash Pasalar, Margaret M. Madeleine, Joseph Carter, Priya R. Prabhu, Denise Galloway, Ann Duerr

“…Prior studies among individuals without HIV suggest that a single HPV vaccine dose induces humoral immune responses that, while lower than those induced by two or three doses, still confer protection against HPV infection. …”
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Advancements in noninvasive techniques for transplant rejection: from biomarker detection to molecular imaging by Yuan Song, Yihui Wang, Wenyuan Wang, Yuji Xie, Junmin Zhang, Jing Liu, Qiaofeng Jin, Wenqian Wu, He Li, Jing Wang, Li Zhang, Yali Yang, Tang Gao, Mingxing Xie

“…This review highlights noninvasive biomarkers that predict, diagnose, and assess transplant prognosis by reflecting graft injury, inflammation, and immune responses. For example, donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) is highly sensitive in detecting early graft injury, whereas gene expression profiling effectively excludes moderate-to-severe acute rejection (AR). …”
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Newcastle Disease Virus Displaying an Ectodomain of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein Elicited Robust Humoral and Cellular Immunity in Mice by Jaturawitt Prasopsiri, Kanjana Srisutthisamphan, Benjamas Liwnaree, Juggragarn Jengarn, Jarin Kramyu, Payuda Hansoongnern, Papon Muangsanit, Nathiphat Tanwattana, Challika Kaewborisuth, Suttipun Sungsuwan, Anan Jongkaewwattana, Nanchaya Wanasen

“…Conclusions: Engineering the MERS-CoV spike protein is crucial for its successful display on NDV particles. The strong immune responses elicited by the NDV-S_MERS vaccine in mice highlight that NDV is a promising, safe, and effective platform for MERS-CoV vaccination.…”
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Rap1 and mTOR signaling pathways drive opposing immunotoxic effects of structurally similar aryl-OPFRs, TPHP and TOCP by Bilin Zhao, Shuang Zheng, Gaoxiang Yang, Zhijun He, Jiewei Deng, Lijuan Luo, Xinyan Li, Tiangang Luan

“…Conversely, TOCP stimulated the mTOR signaling pathway, enhancing phosphorylation of downstream proteins S6K, RHOA, and PKC, consequently promoting immune responses. This study not only clarified the distinct immunotoxic mechanisms of TPHP and TOCP but also provided critical insights into how structural variations in aryl-OPFRs can lead to markedly different immune responses, thereby informing future risk assessments and regulatory strategies for these compounds.…”
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Clinical significance of plasma-free amino acids and tryptophan metabolites in patients with non-small cell lung cancer receiving PD-1 inhibitor: a pilot cohort study for developin... by Akihiko Kawahara, Tetsuro Sasada, Koichi Azuma, Hidenobu Ishii, Norikazu Matsuo, Takaaki Tokito, Tomoaki Hoshino, Yohei Miyagi, Huihui Xiang, Tomoyuki Tagami, Rika Kasajima, Yumiko Kato, Sachise Karakawa, Shinya Kikuchi, Akira Imaizumi, Kenta Murotani

“…From the transcriptome analysis in PBMCs, this multivariate model was significantly correlated with the gene signatures related to immune responses, such as CD8 T-cell activation/proliferation and proinflammatory immune responses, and 12 amino acid-related genes were differentially expressed between the high-risk and low-risk groups.Conclusions The multivariate model with PFAAs and metabolites in plasma might be useful for stratifying patients who will benefit from PD-1 inhibitors.…”
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Alphaherpesvirus in Pets and Livestock by Shu-Hui Duan, Ze-Min Li, Xue-Jie Yu, Dan Li

“…During infection, herpesviruses not only stimulate innate immune responses in host cells but also interfere with signaling pathways through specific proteins to achieve immune evasion. …”
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Chemokines in Cancer Development and Progression and Their Potential as Targeting Molecules for Cancer Treatment by Naofumi Mukaida, So-ichiro Sasaki, Tomohisa Baba

“…These features endow chemokines with crucial roles in immune responses. Furthermore, increasing evidence points to the vital effects of several chemokines on the proliferative and invasive properties of cancer cells. …”
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Folic Acid: Sources, Chemistry, Absorption, Metabolism, Beneficial Effects on Poultry Performance and Health by Herinda Pertiwi, Mohamad Yusril Nur Mahendra, Juriah Kamaludeen

“…At the same time, the effect on poultry health influences antioxidant activities, thyroid hormones, blood biochemicals, anti-inflammatory gene expressions, and immune responses. The present review deals with FA sources, chemistry, absorption, metabolism, effects on performance, and poultry health, which are based on valid basic information.…”
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A Rare Sequela of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis by Vijay Kodadhala, Saravana Devulapalli, Mohankumar Kurukumbi, Annapurni Jayam-Trouth

“…Primary and secondary immune responses contribute to inflammation and subsequent demyelination, but the exact pathogenesis is still unknown. …”
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Genetically Engineered Islets and Alternative Sources of Insulin-Producing Cells for Treating Autoimmune Diabetes: Quo Vadis? by Feng-Cheng Chou, Shing-Hwa Huang, Huey-Kang Sytwu

“…However, two major problems need to be overcome: (1) detrimental immune responses, including inflammation induced by the islet isolation/transplantation procedure, recurrence autoimmunity, and allorejection, can cause graft loss and (2) inadequate numbers of organ donors. …”
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Understanding Experimental LCMV Infection of Mice: The Role of Mathematical Models by Gennady Bocharov, Jordi Argilaguet, Andreas Meyerhans

“…Virus infections represent complex biological systems governed by multiple-level regulatory processes of virus replication and host immune responses. Understanding of the infection means an ability to predict the systems behaviour under various conditions. …”
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New T-lymphocyte subpopulations and their characteristics: Challenges to the classical division of lymphocyte function by Filip Lewandowski, Paulina Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej

“…Helper lymphocytes, including T fh1 , T fh2 , T fh17 , GC-T fh , and circulating T fh cells, exhibit distinct functions in immune responses and disease states. Additionally, newly identified cytotoxic T-cell subsets, such as CD8 + CD39 + and CD8 + CD28 + cells, demonstrate unique effector properties with potential therapeutic applications in cancer immunotherapy. …”
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Natural Compounds as Regulators of NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated IL-1β Production by József Tőzsér, Szilvia Benkő

“…IL-1β is one of the main proinflammatory cytokines that regulates a broad range of immune responses and also participates in several physiological processes. …”
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T and B cell epitope analysis for the immunogenicity evaluation and mitigation of antibody-based therapeutics by Ruoxuan Sun, Mark G. Qian, Xiaobin Zhang

“…However, the administration of exogenous biologics could potentially trigger unwanted immune responses such as generation of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs). …”
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CC-Chemokine CCL15 Expression and Possible Implications for the Pathogenesis of IgE-Related Severe Asthma by Yasuo Shimizu, Kunio Dobashi

“…Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody directed against immunoglobulin E, and its blocking of IgE signaling not only reduces inflammatory cell infiltration mediated by the Th2 immune response but also inhibits other immune responses. …”
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