Chemical cross‐linking facilitates antigen uptake and presentation and provides improved protection from Mpox with a dual‐antigen subunit vaccine by Long Chen, Chao Shang, Zihao Wang, Mengzhu Zheng, Cuiling Zhang, Dapeng Li, Zhanqun Yang, Yuchao Dong, Yuru Xu, Yunsheng Yuan, Shiyong Fan, Wu Zhong, Jian Lin, Xiao Li

“…Abstract Antigen uptake, processing, and presentation are crucial for the immune responses of protein‐based vaccines. Herein, we introduced a reversible chemical cross‐linking strategy to engineer protein antigens, which can be tracelessly removed upon antigen‐presenting cell (APC) uptake and cellular reduction. …”
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The Development of a Novel Broad-Spectrum Influenza Polypeptide Vaccine Based on Multi-Epitope Tandem Sequences by Song Zhao, Junhao Luo, Wenhui Guo, Li Li, Siyu Pu, Libo Dong, Wenfei Zhu, Rongbao Gao

“…Background: Polypeptide vaccines have the potential to improve immune responses by targeting conserved and weakly immunogenic regions in antigens. …”
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Adenoviral Vector-Based Vaccine Expressing Hemagglutinin Stem Region with Autophagy-Inducing Peptide Confers Cross-Protection Against Group 1 and 2 Influenza A Viruses by Wen-Chien Wang, Ekramy E. Sayedahmed, Marwa Alhashimi, Ahmed Elkashif, Vivek Gairola, Muralimanohara S. T. Murala, Suryaprakash Sambhara, Suresh K. Mittal

“…The goal was to identify the optimal combination for enhanced immune responses and cross-protection. Mice were immunized using a prime-boost strategy with heterologous adenoviral (Ad) vectors. …”
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Inhibition of programmed cell death by melanoma cell subpopulations reveals mechanisms of melanoma metastasis and potential therapeutic targets by Yuepeng An, Fu Zhao, Hongling Jia, Siyu Meng, Ziwei Zhang, Shuxiao Li, Jiusi Zhao

“…Meanwhile, the induction of ferroptosis and pyroptosis was thought to trigger immune responses that helped suppress melanoma dissemination. …”
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Immunogenicity in humans of a transdermal multipeptide melanoma vaccine administered with or without a TLR7 agonist by Craig L Slingluff, Gina R Petroni, Walter C Olson, Kimberly A Chianese-bullock, Donna Deacon, Mark Smolkin, William W Grosh, Max O Meneveau, Kevin T Lynch, Elise P Salerno, Elizabeth Woodson, James W Patterson

“…Overall, 61% of participants had CD4+ T cell immune responses to the tetanus peptide, with large, durable responses in groups 3 and 4. …”
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Acute Lung Injury by Rosanna Di Paola, Salvatore Cuzzocrea

“…Recently, PPARs and their respective ligands have been implicated as regulators of cellular inflammatory and immune responses. These molecules are thought to exert anti-inflammatory effects by negatively regulating the expression of proinflammatory genes. …”
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The Impact of the Myeloid Response to Radiation Therapy by Michael J. Gough, Kristina Young, Marka Crittenden

“…We discuss how radiation therapy similarly triggers inflammation followed by repair, the consequences to adaptive immune responses in the treatment site, and how the myeloid response to radiation may impact immunotherapies designed to improve control of residual cancer cells.…”
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Milk-derived extracellular vesicles and gut health by Barathan Muttiah, Jia Xian Law

“…Milk-derived EVs have been shown to influence gut microbiota, promote gut barrier integrity, support tissue repair and regeneration, modulate immune responses, and potentially aid in managing conditions like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer. …”
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NK-DC Crosstalk in Immunity to Microbial Infection by Rony Thomas, Xi Yang

“…We specifically aim to emphasize the ability of various microbial infections to differently influence NK-DC crosstalk thereby contributing to distinct adaptive immune response.…”
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Cyclooxygenase Inhibition in Sepsis: Is There Life after Death? by David M. Aronoff

“…In light of this, cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibiting pharmacological agents have been extensively studied for their capacity to ameliorate the aberrant physiological and immune responses during severe sepsis. Animal models of sepsis, using the systemic administration of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or live pathogens, have been used to examine the effectiveness of COX inhibition as a treatment for severe sepsis. …”
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Modulation of Toll-Like Receptor Activity by Leukocyte Ig-Like Receptors and Their Effects during Bacterial Infection by Louise E. Pilsbury, Rachel L. Allen, Martin Vordermeier

“…Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a potent trigger for inflammatory immune responses. Without tight regulation their activation could lead to pathology, so it is imperative to extend our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms that govern TLR expression and function. …”
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The Role of Mitochondrial Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Chronic Neuroinflammation by Ekta Bajwa, Caitlin B. Pointer, Andis Klegeris

“…Mitochondrial DAMPs have been shown to initiate proinflammatory immune responses from nonneuronal glial cells, including microglia and astrocytes; thereby, they have the potential to contribute to the chronic neuroinflammation present in these disorders accelerating the degeneration of neurons. …”
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Persistence of Diarrheal Pathogens Is Associated with Continued Recruitment of Plasmablasts in the Circulation by Anu Kantele

“…Investigating these gut-originating cells in blood provides a less invasive tool for studying intestinal immune responses, with the limitation that the cells disappear from the circulation in two weeks. …”
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Questions from the fourth son: A clinician reflects on immunomonitoring, surrogate markers and systems biology by Charles Wiseman, M.D.

“…Despite an extensive roster of in vitro assays that correlate immune responses to favorable clinical outcomes, no assay is sufficiently reliable to be usefully predictive for vaccine therapy. …”
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Limosilactobacillus reuteri - a probiotic gut commensal with contextual impact on immunity by Amanda H. Lee, Daphne Michelle Rodriguez Jimenez, Marlies Meisel

“…This review delves into the role of L. reuteri in modulating immune responses, with a focus on its impact on systemic diseases.…”
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T Cell Costimulatory Molecules in Anti-Viral Immunity: Potential Role in Immunotherapeutic Vaccines by Tania H Watts, Edward M Bertram, Jacob Bukczynski, Tao Wen

“…By providing antigens and costimulatory molecules together, investigators may be able to increase and broaden the immune response, resulting in better immunological control or even elimination of the infection. …”
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Erythropoietin supplementation induces dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and impacts mucosal immunity in a non-diseased mouse model by Guillaume Sarrabayrouse, Corentin Joulain, Stéphanie Bessoles, Andrada S. Chiron, Andrada S. Chiron, Amine M. Abina, Salima Hacein-Bey-Abina, Salima Hacein-Bey-Abina

“…Alterations in intestinal homeostasis are now well known to affect peripheral immune responses and favor the occurrence of a number of pathologies such as allergies and cancers. …”
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Expression and delivery of HA1-M2e antigen using an innovative attenuated Salmonella–mediated delivery system confers promising protection against H9N2 avian influenza challenge by Ram Prasad Aganja, In-Shik Kim, Hyun-Jin Tae, John Hwa Lee

“…Birds immunized with attenuated SG harboring pJHL270 (JOL3025) or pJHL305 (JOL3027) containing HA-M2e showed significant increases in serum IgY and mucosal IgA antibodies, indicating strong humoral and mucosal immune responses, comparable with inactivated commercial vaccine. …”
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Multiple Gene Deletion Mutants of Equine Herpesvirus 1 Exhibit Strong Protective Efficacy Against Wild Virus Challenge in a Murine Model by Stephanie S. Pradhan, Vekataramireddy Balena, Bidhan Chandra Bera, Taruna Anand, Rhushikesh Khetmalis, Aashwina Madhwal, Supriya Kandasamy, Selvaraj Pavulraj, Manju Bernela, Priya Mor, Bhupendra Nath Tripathi, Nitin Virmani

“…Both mutants induced an optimal level of EHV1-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, as determined by virus neutralization assay, ELISA, and immunophenotyping. …”
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RBD-displaying OMV nanovaccine boosts immunity against SARS-CoV-2 by Rang Feng, Ruo-Yi Xue, Chang Liu, Guo-Cheng Li, Yan Deng, Zhe Jin, Jing-Yi Liu, Shan-Shan Zhang, Hao Cheng, Man-Ying Guo, Quan-Ming Zou, Hai-Bo Li

“…Conclusions This vaccine platform offers an alternative strategy for developing recombinant subunit vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, potentially enhancing immune responses and improving vaccine efficacy. Graphical abstract…”
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