Editorial: Innate and adaptive immune responses to viral infection by Stefania Varchetta, Emanuela Marcenaro, Emanuela Marcenaro

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Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment by Xiaoxue Zhou, Yuchen Wu, Zhipeng Zhu, Chu Lu, Chunwu Zhang, Linghui Zeng, Feng Xie, Long Zhang, Fangfang Zhou

“…The review also addresses the challenges in developing mucosal vaccines, which aim to induce specific immune responses while maintaining tolerance to non-pathogenic microbes. …”
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Virus dynamics model with intracellular delays and immune response by Haitao Song, Weihua Jiang, Shengqiang Liu

“…In this paper, we incorporate an extra logistic growth term for uninfected CD4$^+$ T-cells into an HIV-1 infection model with bothintracellular delay and immune response delay which was studied by Pawelek et al. in [26]. …”
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Dendritic Cells: Immune Response in Infectious Diseases and Autoimmunity by Renata Sesti-Costa, Pedro Manoel Mendes de Moraes-Vieira, Luisa Cervantes-Barragan

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Host Cell Autophagy in Immune Response to Zoonotic Infections by Panagiotis Skendros, Ioannis Mitroulis

“…This paper focuses on the role of host cell autophagy in the regulation of immune response against intracellular pathogens, emphasizing on selected bacterial and protozoan zoonoses.…”
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Initial Immunopathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis: Innate Immune Response by Norma Y. Hernández-Pedro, Guillermo Espinosa-Ramirez, Verónica Pérez de la Cruz, Benjamín Pineda, Julio Sotelo

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The Immune Response to Tumors as a Tool toward Immunotherapy by F. Pandolfi, R. Cianci, D. Pagliari, F. Casciano, C. Bagalà, A. Astone, R. Landolfi, C. Barone

“…Immunotherapy of tumors has developed several techniques: immune cell transfer, vaccines, immunobiological molecules such as monoclonal antibodies that improve the immune responses to tumors. This can be achieved by blocking pathways limiting the immune response, such as CTLA-4 or Tregs. …”
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RNA N6-Methyladenosine Modifications and the Immune Response by Ya-Nan Wang, Chen-Yang Yu, Hong-Zhong Jin

“…This article reviews the biological significance of RNA m6A modifications in the innate immune response, adaptive immune response, and viral infection.…”
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The impact of innate immune response on the efficacy of oncolytic viruses by Kirill N. Trachuk, Nikolai B. Pestov, Yulia K. Biryukova, Nadezhda M. Kolyasnikova

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Realization of immune response features by dynamical system models by Mika Yoshida, Kinji Fuchikami, Tatsuya Uezu

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RETRACTED: Immune response in men patients infected with toxoplasmosis by Ali faieq Zahraa, Al-Hadraawy Saleem Khteer

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PPAR Alpha Regulation of the Immune Response and Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Michael K. Racke, Paul D. Drew, Amy Lovett-Racke, Yuhong Yang, Anne R. Gocke

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TLR Specific Immune Responses against Helminth Infections by Sivaprakasam Rajasekaran, Rajamanickam Anuradha, Ramalingam Bethunaickan

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Inflammation and Immune Response in COPD: Where Do We Stand? by Nikoletta Rovina, Antonia Koutsoukou, Nikolaos G. Koulouris

“…Increasing evidence indicates that chronic inflammatory and immune responses play key roles in the development and progression of COPD. …”
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Neonatal and Infantile Immune Responses to Encapsulated Bacteria and Conjugate Vaccines by Peter Klein Klouwenberg, Louis Bont

“…The lack of immune response may be overcome by conjugating the polysaccharides to a carrier protein. …”
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Sex hormones and allergies: exploring the gender differences in immune responses by Jesús Alberto Gutiérrez-Brito, José Álvaro Lomelí-Nieto, José Francisco Muñoz-Valle, Edith Oregon-Romero, Jazz Alan Corona-Angeles, Jorge Hernández-Bello

“…Moreover, studies have suggested that female sex hormones amplify memory immune responses, which may lead to an excessive immune response impacting the pathogenesis, airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation of airways, and mucus production of allergic diseases. …”
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T helper cell polarisation as a measure of the maturation of the immune response by Scott B. Cameron, Ellen H. Stolte, Anthony W. Chow, Huub F. J. Savelkoul

“…Background: T helper cell polarisation is important under chronic immune stimulatory conditions and drives the type of the evolving immune response. Mice treated with superantigens in vivo display strong effects on Th subset differentiation. …”
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Immune Response in H. pylori-Associated Gastritis and Gastric Cancer by Qingbin Niu, Jun Zhu, Xingquan Yu, Tao Feng, Hong Ji, Yuming Li, Weiwei Zhang, Baoguang Hu

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Determination of antioxidant and immune responses with bile acids supplementation in geese by Jianwen CAO, Lei YANG, Guangpei XU

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Impact of Temozolomide on Immune Response during Malignant Glioma Chemotherapy by Sadhak Sengupta, Jaclyn Marrinan, Caroline Frishman, Prakash Sampath

“…Although TMZ-induced lymphopenia has been attributed to facilitate antitumor vaccination studies by inducing passive immune response, in general lymphopenic conditions have been associated with poor immune surveillance leading to opportunistic infections in glioma patients, as well as disrupting active antiglioma immune response by depleting both T and NK cells. …”
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