Effects of Telbivudine Treatment on the Circulating CD4+ T-Cell Subpopulations in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients by Yanhua Zheng, Zemin Huang, Xianhua Chen, Yi Tian, Jun Tang, Yi Zhang, Xiaomin Zhang, Jijun Zhou, Qing Mao, Bing Ni, Qinghong Wang, Yuzhang Wu

“…CD4+ T cells serve as master regulators of the adaptive immune response to HBV. However, CD4+ T-cell subsets are heterogeneous, and it remains unknown how the antiviral agents affect the different CD4+ T cell subtypes. …”
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Harnessing nanotechnology for cancer treatment by Jiajun Zhu, Jiajun Zhu, HaeJu Lee, HaeJu Lee, Ruotong Huang, Ruotong Huang, Jianming Zhou, Jingjun Zhang, Xiaoyi Yang, Wenhan Zhou, Wangqing Jiang, Shuying Chen

“…Furthermore, nanotechnology-based therapeutic strategies, including photothermal therapy, gene therapy and immunotherapy are offering novel ways to combat cancer by selectively targeting tumor cells and enhancing the immune response. Nevertheless, despite these progressions, obstacles still persist, particularly in the clinical translation of these technologies. …”
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Endometritis and In Vitro PGE2 Challenge Modify Properties of Cattle Endometrial Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Transcriptomic Profile by Evelyn Lara, Alejandra Velásquez, Joel Cabezas, Nathaly Rivera, Paulina Pacha, Lleretny Rodríguez-Alvarez, Fernando Saravia, Fidel Ovidio Castro

“…The pathways affected the most by the PGE2 challenge were immune response, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation. …”
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Isolation and characterization of a highly pathogenic strain of Vibrio harveyi EFL-2201 from pearl gentian grouper by Biao Yuan, Zhixia Zhuang, Xiaoru Wang, Huabin Huang, Qingpi Yan

“…In conclusion, this study unveiled the pathogenic mechanisms of V. harveyi and immune response mechanisms of pearl gentian grouper spleens to infection, laying a theoretical foundation for the prevention and control of V. harveyi-induced disease.…”
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Widespread mutagenesis and chromosomal instability shape somatic genomes in systemic sclerosis by Sriram Vijayraghavan, Thomas Blouin, James McCollum, Latarsha Porcher, François Virard, Jiri Zavadil, Carol Feghali-Bostwick, Natalie Saini

“…We hypothesize that the inflammation and immune response associated with systemic sclerosis can trigger DNA damage, leading to elevated somatic mutagenesis, a hallmark of pre-cancerous tissues. …”
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Elevated Circulating IL-1β and TNF-Alpha, and Unaltered IL-6 in First-Trimester Pregnancies Complicated by Threatened Abortion With an Adverse Outcome by Nicolaos Vitoratos, Constantinos Papadias, Emmanuel Economou, Evangelos Makrakis, Constantinos Panoulis, George Creatsas

“…It is concluded that in first-trimester TACP with adverse outcome, a distinct immune response, as reflected by elevated maternal IL-1β, TNF-alpha, and unaltered IL-6 levels, is relevant to a negative obstetric outcome.…”
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Adipocytokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Hidden Link between Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Comorbidities by Piero Ruscitti, Paola Di Benedetto, Onorina Berardicurti, Vasiliki Liakouli, Francesco Carubbi, Paola Cipriani, Roberto Giacomelli

“…Adipocytokines modulate the function of different tissues and cells, and in addition to energy homeostasis and metabolism, amplify inflammation, immune response, and tissue damage. Adipocytokines may contribute to the proinflammatory state in RA patients and development of bone damage. …”
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Differential pathological changes in colon microenvironments in acute and chronic mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease by NaYeon Ham, Minji Park, Young-An Bae, Eui-Ju Yeo, YunJae Jung

“…Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, resulting from an abnormal immune response to normal stimuli, such as food and intestinal flora. …”
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Electrochemical sensors for the detection of immune checkpoint related proteins and their role in cancer companion diagnostics by Louise Barnaby, Andrew G. Watts, Pedro Estrela

“…Many immune checkpoint related proteins show potential as biomarkers for ICI success, such as the checkpoint proteins themselves, cytokines, interleukins and other immune response related proteins. The most investigated checkpoint inhibitor protein is Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1), which is used as a biomarker in clinical diagnostic tests but, with some limitations. …”
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Does Toxoplasma gondii Infection Affect the Levels of IgE and Cytokines (IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-alpha)? by Joanna Matowicka-Karna, Violetta Dymicka-Piekarska, Halina Kemona

“…The study objective was to assess the effect of T. gondii on chosen indices of the immune response. The study involved 52 women infected with T. gondii (aged 18–42 years) prior to antiparasitic treatment. …”
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The Burden of Smoking in the Health-Disease Process in People with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and AIDS by Yoenny Peña García, Luis Carlos Andraín Silva, Idalmis Sartorio Zayas, Dolys Suárez Padilla, Ana Julia Lozada Pérez

“…The effects of the habit on these patients influence morbidity and mortality and increase the risk of various diseases and affect the immune response to antiretroviral treatment. <br /><strong>Objective:</strong> to determine the burden of smoking on the disease health process in patients living with human immunodeficiency virus and AIDS. …”
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Development of Carnivac-Cov vaccine against coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in carnivores by T. S. Galkina, A. A. Nesterov, A. V. Borisov, I. A. Chvala, A. V. Kononov

“…Carnivac-Cov vaccine administered twice intramuscularly at the dose of 1.0 cm3 induces anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune response 14 days after the second administration that lasts for at least 6 months. …”
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Membrane-embedded CdaA is required for efficient synthesis of second messenger cyclic di-AMP by Alexander J. Foster, Haoyang Li, Panagiotis Drougkas, Gea. K. Schuurman-Wolters, Joeri ten Kate, Cristina Paulino, Bert Poolman

“…Cyclic di-AMP regulates bacterial cell volume and turgor via control of potassium and compatible solute transport but is also involved in many other processes, including the activation of the metazoan innate immune response to bacterial infections. We compare the activity of full-length membrane-embedded CdaA, the enzyme that synthesizes cyclic di-AMP, with the water-soluble catalytic domain CdaA-DAC. …”
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Influence of Febrile Neutropenia Period on Plasma Viscosity at Malignancy by Ibrahim Tek, Selami Kocak Toprak, Efe Hasdemir, Samed Rahatli, Aysegül Yesilkaya

“…Despite normal values of various parameters known to trigger plasma viscosity, particularly fibrinogen, it can be easily argued that the main mechanism may be the endothelial injury during infectious process and immune response mediated microcirculatory blood flow alterations.…”
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Molecular Mechanism of Macrophage Activation by Red Ginseng Acidic Polysaccharide from Korean Red Ginseng by Se Eun Byeon, Jaehwi Lee, Ji Hye Kim, Woo Seok Yang, Yi-Seong Kwak, Sun Young Kim, Eui Su Choung, Man Hee Rhee, Jae Youl Cho

“…Even though numerous studies have been reported, the mechanism as to how RGAP is able to stimulate the immune response is not clear. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanism of molecular activation of RGAP in macrophages. …”
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The Many Faces of Human Leukocyte Antigen-G: Relevance to the Fate of Pregnancy by Mette Dahl, Snezana Djurisic, Thomas Vauvert F. Hviid

“…Pregnancy is an immunological paradox, where fetal antigens encoded by polymorphic genes inherited from the father do not provoke a maternal immune response. The fetus is not rejected as it would be theorized according to principles of tissue transplantation. …”
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Punica granatum L. (Pomegranate) Extract: In Vivo Study of Antimicrobial Activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis in Galleria mellonella Model by Livia Aparecida Procópio Gomes, Lívia Mara Alves Figueiredo, Ana Luiza do Rosário Palma, Barbara Maria Corrêa Geraldo, Kelly Cristine Isler Castro, Luciana Ruano de Oliveira Fugisaki, Antônio Olavo Cardoso Jorge, Luciane Dias de Oliveira, Juliana Campos Junqueira

“…Punica granatum L. is an effective herbal extract with broad spectrum of action and bactericidal, antifungal, anthelmintic potential and being able to modulate the immune response. The aim was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of pomegranate glycolic extract (PGE) against the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis by using Galleria mellonella as in vivo model. …”
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Droplet-based high-throughput 3D genome structure mapping of single cells with simultaneous transcriptomics by Honggui Wu, Maoxu Wang, Yinghui Zheng, X. Sunney Xie

“…Our results show that genes with significant structural changes are enriched in pathways related to metabolic process and morphology change in neurons, and innate immune response in glial cells, highlighting the role of 3D genome organization in physiological brain aging. …”
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Role of autophagy defects and significance of adherent-invasive <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Crohn's disease development by I. V. Mayev, D. N. Andreev, D. V. Rakitina, Yu. P. Baykova

“…In patients with genetic predisposition AIEC replication in macrophages at reduced clearance of microorganisms due to alteration of autophagy process can induce the unsound immune response with development inflammatory changes characteristic for CD.Conclusion. …”
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Inhibition of Glutamate‐to‐Glutathione Flux Promotes Tumor Antigen Presentation in Colorectal Cancer Cells by Tao Yu, Kevin Van der Jeught, Haiqi Zhu, Zhuolong Zhou, Samantha Sharma, Sheng Liu, Haniyeh Eyvani, Ka Man So, Naresh Singh, Jia Wang, George E. Sandusky, Yunlong Liu, Mateusz Opyrchal, Sha Cao, Jun Wan, Chi Zhang, Xinna Zhang

“…Furthermore, the single‐cell flux estimation analysis (scFEA) of glutamine metabolism revealed that glutamate‐to‐glutathione (Glu‐GSH) flux, downstream of GLS, rather than Glu‐to‐2‐oxoglutarate flux plays a key role in regulating the immune response of CRC cells in the tumor. Mechanistically, inhibition of the Glu‐GSH flux activated reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐related signaling pathways in tumor cells, thereby increasing the tumor immunogenicity by promoting the activity of the immunoproteasome. …”
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