Non-small cell lung cancer and the tumor microenvironment: making headway from targeted therapies to advanced immunotherapy by Anna De Lucia, Lucia Mazzotti, Lucia Mazzotti, Anna Gaimari, Anna Gaimari, Matteo Zurlo, Roberta Maltoni, Claudio Cerchione, Sara Bravaccini, Angelo Delmonte, Lucio Crinò, Patricia Borges de Souza, Luigi Pasini, Fabio Nicolini, Fabrizio Bianchi, Manel Juan, Hugo Calderon, Chiara Magnoni, Chiara Magnoni, Luca Gazzola, Luca Gazzola, Paola Ulivi, Massimiliano Mazza

“…The TME sets major obstacles for CAR-T therapies, creating conditions that suppress the immune response, inducing T cell exhaustion. To enhance treatment efficacy, specific efforts associated with CAR-T cell therapy in NSCLC, should definitely focus TME-related immunosuppression and antigen escape mechanisms, by combining CAR-T cells with immune checkpoint blockades.…”
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CD21low B cells reveal a unique glycosylation pattern with hypersialylation and hyperfucosylation by Peter Tobias Felixberger, Peter Tobias Felixberger, Geoffroy Andrieux, Andrea Maul-Pavicic, Andrea Maul-Pavicic, Sigune Goldacker, Sigune Goldacker, Ina Harder, Ina Harder, Sylvia Gutenberger, Sylvia Gutenberger, Jonathan J. M. Landry, Vladimir Benes, Till Fabian Jakob, Melanie Boerries, Melanie Boerries, Lars Nitschke, Reinhard Edmund Voll, Reinhard Edmund Voll, Klaus Warnatz, Klaus Warnatz, Baerbel Keller, Baerbel Keller

“…These glycome changes appear to be driven by the prominent type I immune response in complicated CVID patients. A better understanding of how altered glycosylation influences immune cell function could lead to new therapeutic strategies.…”
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Research Progress on Stem Cell Therapies for Articular Cartilage Regeneration by Shuangpeng Jiang, Guangzhao Tian, Xu Li, Zhen Yang, Fuxin Wang, Zhuang Tian, Bo Huang, Fu Wei, Kangkang Zha, Zhiqiang Sun, Xiang Sui, Shuyun Liu, Weimin Guo, Quanyi Guo

“…However, recent evidence has shown that the stem cell secretome plays an important role in biological processes such as the immune response, inflammation regulation, and drug delivery. …”
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A phase 1b clinical trial to determine the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of simian adenovirus and poxvirus vectored vaccines against Mycobacterium avium complex subspecie... by Jeremy Sanderson, Jeremy Aboagye, Rebecca Makinson, Katerina Rapi, Samuel Provstgaard-Morys, Lisa Stockdale, Alison Lawrie, Isabelle Lanigan, Nishat Halim, Abdel Douiri, Emily Greenlay, Rayka Malek, Emma Gray, Lindsey West, Fatima El Oulidi, Paul Ian Cross, Michael Stallibrass, Sarah C. Gilbert, Adrian V.S. Hill, Katie J. Ewer

“…A heterologous prime-boost schedule induces a T cell-mediated immune response. Further studies are required to determine the efficacy and optimal regime of the vaccines. …”
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Multi-omics uncovers immune-modulatory molecules in plasma contributing to resistance exercise-ameliorated locomotor disability after incomplete spinal cord injury by Ren Zhou, Jibao Chen, Yunhan Tang, Chuijin Wei, Ping Yu, Xinmei Ding, Li’ao Zhu, Jiajia Yao, Zengqiang Ouyang, Jing Qiao, Shumin Xiong, Liaoliao Dong, Tong Yin, Haiqing Li, Ye Feng, Lin Cheng

“…Results Plasma proteomic and PBMC transcriptomic profiling underscored the notable involvement of the complement pathways and humoral immune response in the process of restoring locomotor function following SCI in the human trial. …”
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Telomere length sensitive regulation of interleukin receptor 1 type 1 (IL1R1) by the shelterin protein TRF2 modulates immune signalling in the tumour microenvironment by Ananda Kishore Mukherjee, Subhajit Dutta, Ankita Singh, Shalu Sharma, Shuvra Shekhar Roy, Antara Sengupta, Megha Chatterjee, Soujanya Vinayagamurthy, Sulochana Bagri, Divya Khanna, Meenakshi Verma, Dristhi Soni, Anshul Budharaja, Sagar Kailasrao Bhisade, Vivek Anand, Ahmad Perwez, Nija George, Mohammed Faruq, Ishaan Gupta, Radhakrishnan Sabarinathan, Shantanu Chowdhury

“…However, the mechanisms by which telomeres might affect tumour immune response remain poorly understood. Here, we observed that interleukin-1 signalling is telomere-length dependent in cancer cells. …”
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Multiple pathways to evaluate the immunoprotective effect of Turkeys Herpesvirus recombinant vaccine expressing HA of H9N2 by Wenhao Yang, Jin Zhang, Jing Dai, Mengjiao Guo, Xiaolong Lu, Ruyi Gao, Kaituo Liu, Min Gu, Shunlin Hu, Xiufan Liu, Xiaoquan Wang, Xiaowen Liu

“…Subcutaneous injection and in-ovo injection of HVT-HA induced different levels of immune response. Compared to in-ovo injection of HVT-HA, subcutaneous injection induced significantly higher neutralizing serum antibodies. …”
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Longitudinal mitochondrial bioenergetic signatures of blood monocytes and lymphocytes improve during treatment of drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis patients by Bridgette M. Cumming, Kelvin W. Addicott, Fernanda Maruri, Fernanda Maruri, Vanessa Pillay, Rukaya Asmal, Sashen Moodley, Beatriz Barreto-Durate, Beatriz Barreto-Durate, Mariana Araújo-Pereira, Mariana Araújo-Pereira, Matilda Mazibuko, Zoey Mhlane, Nikiwe Mbatha, Khadija Khan, Senamile Makhari, Farina Karim, Lauren Peetluk, Alexander S. Pym, Mahomed Yunus S. Moosa, Yuri F. van der Heijden, Yuri F. van der Heijden, Yuri F. van der Heijden, Timothy S. Sterling, Timothy S. Sterling, Bruno B. Andrade, Bruno B. Andrade, Alasdair Leslie, Alasdair Leslie, Alasdair Leslie, Adrie J. C. Steyn, Adrie J. C. Steyn, Adrie J. C. Steyn

“…Network analysis of the bioenergetic parameters of circulating immune cells with serum cytokine levels indicated a highly coordinated immune response at month 6. These findings underscore the importance of metabolic health in combating TB, supporting the need for further investigation of the bioenergetic immunometabolism associated with TB infection for novel therapeutic approaches aimed at bolstering cellular energetics to enhance immune responses and expedite recovery in TB patients.…”
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Pegilated interferon alpha 2b «Pegaltevir» chronic hepatitis C treatment (randomized clinical trial) by Marina V. Mayevskaya, Ye. N. Bessonova, P. O. Bogomolov, N. I. Geyvandova, K. V. Zhdanov, V. G. Morozov, V. D. Pasechnikov, I. Yu. Khomenko, A. V. Yagoda, V. T. Ivashkin

“…Beneficial interferon properties include: absence of mutagenic capacity for hepatitis C virus and drug interaction, stimulation of host immune response. These qualities formed the basis for development of the Russian pegilated interferon-alpha 2b (Pegaltevir®, LLC «FARMAPARK», Russia) and carrying out doublestaged randomized open clinical trial: study of safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of Pegaltevir® at single injection of increasing doses in various groups of healthy volunteers - the I stage; studying of efficacy and safety of Pegaltevir® in comparison to PegIntron® (Schering-Plough, USA) at CHC as a part of double antiviral therapy with ribavirin (Rebetol®, Schering-Plough, USA) - the II stage. …”
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Safety and efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells mitochondria transplantation as a cell-free therapy for osteoarthritis by Ana Maria Vega-Letter, Cynthia García-Guerrero, Liliana Yantén-Fuentes, Carolina Pradenas, Yeimi Herrera-Luna, Eliana Lara-Barba, Felipe A. Bustamante-Barrientos, Masyelly Rojas, María Jesús Araya, Nicole Jeraldo, Constanza Aros, Francisca Troncoso, Daniela Poblete, Angela Court, Alexander Ortloff, Jose Barraza, Francesca Velarde, Carlos Farkas, Claudio Carril, Noymar Luque-Campos, Gonzalo Almarza, Maximiliano Barahona, Jose Matas, Lucas Cereceda, Rocío Lorca, Jorge Toledo, Karina Oyarce, Rolando Vernal, Andrés Caicedo, Andrea del Campo, Yessia Hidalgo, Roberto Elizondo-Vega, Farida Djouad, Maroun Khoury, Fernando E. Figueroa, Patricia Luz-Crawford

“…Conclusion Collectively, our results reveal that mitochondria derived from MSC are transferred to key articular cells and are retained in the joint without generating an inflammatory immune response mitigating articular cartilage degradation in OA, probably through a restorative effect triggered by the stress antiviral response within OA chondrocytes.…”
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Blood biomarker dynamics in people with relapsing multiple sclerosis treated with cladribine tablets: results of the 2-year MAGNIFY-MS study by Heinz Wiendl, Frederik Barkhof, Frederik Barkhof, Xavier Montalban, Anat Achiron, Anat Achiron, Tobias Derfuss, Andrew Chan, Suzanne Hodgkinson, Alexandre Prat, Letizia Leocani, Letizia Leocani, Letizia Leocani, Klaus Schmierer, Klaus Schmierer, Finn Sellebjerg, Finn Sellebjerg, Patrick Vermersch, Hulin Jin, Anita Chudecka, Andreas Kloetgen, Dongdong Lin, Lidia Gardner, Nicola De Stefano

“…Changes in genes and pathways associated with innate and adaptive immune response were observed after CladT treatment, along with reductions in pro-inflammatory cytokine-producing B and T cells and increases in anti-inflammatory cytokine-producing T cells. …”
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Recombinant Marek’s disease virus expressing VP1 and VP2 proteins provides robust immune protection against chicken infectious anemia virus by Chengfei Ge, Hangqiong Lu, Jinze Han, Guorong Sun, Shihao Li, Xingge Lan, Yongzhen Liu, Mengmeng Yu, Xinyun Hu, Mingxue Hu, Xiaole Qi, Hongyu Cui, Yulu Duan, Suyan Wang, Yuntong Chen, Xiaomei Wang, Xiaomei Wang, Yanping Zhang, Yulong Gao, Changjun Liu

“…In animal studies, vaccination of one-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens with rMDV induced high levels of CIAV-specific antibodies (1 × 105) and neutralizing antibodies (1:25) and a potent cellular immune response. Moreover, rMDV vaccination conferred an 85% protective index against challenge with a highly virulent strain of CIAV, significantly reducing the occurrence of anemia and thymic atrophy caused by CIAV infection and dramatically suppressing CIAV replication in the thymus. …”
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Correlations between primary tumour location, biomarkers of inflammation and lung injury, and postoperative pulmonary complications in patients underwent laparoscopic colorectomy:... by Hui-xian Li, Li Che, Yuan Li, Tai-hang Wang, Fang-di Min, Lei Xu, Meng Wang, Zhao-xu Zheng, Shi-ning Qu, Fei Wang, Wei Tang, Shi-jing Wei, Yu-lin Sun, Hui Zheng, Tao Yan

“…Additionally, assessments have been performed for plasma biomarkers of immune response dynamics and lung injury (plasma soluble advanced glycation end-product receptor [sRAGE], angiopoietin-2 [ANG-2], interleukin-1β/6 [IL-1β/IL-6]) and other parameters.ResultsAlthough the increase in postoperative lung epithelial damage, as indicated by the plasma sRAGE levels, was significant in the RSC group (DAC vs. …”
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Disruption of tumor-intrinsic PGAM5 increases anti-PD-1 efficacy through the CCL2 signaling pathway by Yan Li, Hong Wang, Xiaoyang Li, Yuan He, Huiquan Liu, Dong Han, Ting Mei, Yixuan Li, Zilong Xu, Xiaoying Wei, Jianguo Wang, Peijie Zhou, Yuwen Wang, Ziye Li, Junhao Ning, Anlin Wang, Jingjing Cheng, Dong Qian

“…Furthermore, disruption of tumor-intrinsic Pgam5 significantly facilitated CD8+ T cells activation and improved anti-programmed cell death protein-1 therapeutic efficacy with macrophages depletion compromising synergistic antitumor immune response.Conclusion Our results shed light on the effect of tumor mitochondria dynamics on TAMs in tumor microenvironment. …”
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Single-cell RNA sequencing highlights the role of distinct natural killer subsets in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by Esther Álvarez-Sánchez, Álvaro Carbayo, Natalia Valle-Tamayo, Laia Muñoz, Joaquim Aumatell, Soraya Torres, Sara Rubio-Guerra, Jesús García-Castro, Judit Selma-González, Daniel Alcolea, Janina Turon-Sans, Alberto Lleó, Ignacio Illán-Gala, Juan Fortea, Ricard Rojas-García, Oriol Dols-Icardo

“…Our results revealed extensive gene expression alterations in NK_2 cells, pointing towards the activation of immune response (adj. p-value = 9.2 × 10− 11) and the regulation of lymphocyte proliferation (adj. p-value = 6.46 × 10− 6). …”
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Dynamic hierarchical ligand anisotropy for competing macrophage regulation in vivo by Kanghyeon Kim, Sunhong Min, Ramar Thangam, Kyong-Ryol Tag, Hyun-Jeong Lee, Jeongyun Heo, Hwapyung Jung, Thet Thet Swe, Iman Zare, Guosheng Song, Alireza Hassani Najafabadi, Junmin Lee, Hyun-Do Jung, Jong Seung Kim, Sunghoon Hur, Hyun-Cheol Song, Sung-Gyu Park, Kunyu Zhang, Pengchao Zhao, Liming Bian, Se Hoon Kim, Juyoung Yoon, Jae-Pyoung Ahn, Hong-Kyu Kim, Heemin Kang

“…Diverse connective tissues exhibit hierarchical anisotropic structures that intricately regulate homeostasis and tissue functions for dynamic immune response modulation. In this study, remotely manipulable hierarchical nanostructures are tailored to exhibit multi-scale ligand anisotropy. …”
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CaMKII-dependent non-canonical RIG-I pathway promotes influenza virus propagation in the acute-phase of infection by Shinichiro Hama, Miho Watanabe-Takahashi, Hiroki Nishimura, Jumpei Omi, Masakazu Tamada, Takashi Saitoh, Katsumi Maenaka, Yuta Okuda, Aoi Ikegami, Asami Kitagawa, Koudai Furuta, Kana Izumi, Eiko Shimizu, Takashi Nishizono, Makoto Fujiwara, Tomohiro Miyasaka, Shigeo Takamori, Hiroshi Takayanagi, Keizo Nishikawa, Toshihiko Kobayashi, Noriko Toyama-Sorimachi, Makoto Yamashita, Toshiya Senda, Takatsugu Hirokawa, Haruhiko Bito, Kiyotaka Nishikawa

“…Thus, this pathway acts in an opposite manner compared with the canonical RIG-I pathway, which plays essential roles in antiviral innate immune response later in infection. The CaMKII-dependent non-canonical RIG-I pathway can be a promising and novel drug target for the treatment of infections.…”
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An allelic atlas of immunoglobulin heavy chain variable regions reveals antibody binding epitope preference resilient to SARS-CoV-2 mutation escape by Weiqi Deng, Weiqi Deng, Xuefeng Niu, Ping He, Ping He, Qihong Yan, Qihong Yan, Huan Liang, Yongping Wang, Yongping Wang, Lishan Ning, Lishan Ning, Zihan Lin, Zihan Lin, Yudi Zhang, Xinwei Zhao, Xinwei Zhao, Liqiang Feng, Linbing Qu, Ling Chen, Ling Chen

“…BackgroundAlthough immunoglobulin (Ig) alleles play a pivotal role in the antibody response to pathogens, research to understand their role in the humoral immune response is still limited.MethodsWe retrieved the germline sequences for the IGHV from the IMGT database to illustrate the amino acid polymorphism present within germline sequences of IGHV genes. …”
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Caspase-1 activation, IL-1/IL-6 signature and IFNγ-induced chemokines in lungs of COVID-19 patients by Audrey Cambon, Christophe Guervilly, Christophe Guervilly, Clémence Delteil, Nicola Potere, Richard Bachelier, Edwige Tellier, Evelyne Abdili, Evelyne Abdili, Marine Leprince, Marco Giani, Ildo Polidoro, Valentina Albanese, Paolo Ferrante, Laurence Coffin, Michael Schiffrin, Laurent Arnaud, Romaric Lacroix, Romaric Lacroix, Sandrine Roque, Jean-Marie Forel, Jean-Marie Forel, Sami Hraiech, Sami Hraiech, Laurent Daniel, Laurent Papazian, Françoise Dignat-George, Françoise Dignat-George, Gilles Kaplanski, Gilles Kaplanski

“…RationaleCOVID-19-associated acute-respiratory distress syndrome (C-ARDS) results from a direct viral injury associated with host excessive innate immune response mainly affecting the lungs. However, cytokine profile in the lung compartment of C-ARDS patients has not been widely studied, nor compared to non-COVID related ARDS (NC-ARDS).ObjectivesTo evaluate caspase-1 activation, IL-1 signature, and other inflammatory cytokine pathways associated with tissue damage using post-mortem lung tissues, bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF), and serum across the spectrum of COVID-19 severity.MethodsHistological features were described and activated-caspase-1 labeling was performed in 40 post-mortem biopsies. …”
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GM-CSF and IL-21-armed oncolytic vaccinia virus significantly enhances anti-tumor activity and synergizes with anti-PD1 immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer by Yujing Xuan, Wenyi Yan, Ruimin Wang, Xibin Wang, Yu Guo, Huilin Dun, Ziyan Huan, Lihua Xu, Ruxia Han, Xianlei Sun, Lingling Si, Nicholas R. Lemoine, Nicholas R. Lemoine, Yaohe Wang, Yaohe Wang, Pengju Wang

“…Moreover, VVL-GL21 increased the infiltration of dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and T cells; induced DC maturation; increased the transition from M2 to M1 macrophages; improved the formation of immune memory; prevented tumor recurrence; and effectively bolstered the immune response against tumors in multiple key immune compartments. …”
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