Epigenome-wide DNA methylation profiling in septic and non-septic patients with similar infections: potential use as sepsis biomarkers by Ian López-Cruz, Ian López-Cruz, José Luis García-Giménez, José Luis García-Giménez, José Luis García-Giménez, Manuel Madrazo, Manuel Madrazo, Judit García-Guallarte, Laura Piles, Federico V. Pallardó, Federico V. Pallardó, Federico V. Pallardó, Arturo Artero, Arturo Artero

“…IntroductionSepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by a dysregulated immune response to infection, leading to organ failure. …”
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Differentiation status determines the effects of IFNγ on the expression of PD-L1 and immunomodulatory genes in melanoma by Teitur Sævarsson, Adrián López García de Lomana, Ólafur Sánchez, Veerle van Esch, Gunnar Bjarni Ragnarsson, Siggeir Fannar Brynjólfsson, Eiríkur Steingrímsson, Berglind Ósk Einarsdóttir

“…Interferon-γ (IFNγ) is an integral part of the anti-tumor immune response and can directly induce both differentiational changes and expression of immunosuppressive proteins in melanoma cells. …”
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Efficacy of yeast beta-glucan 1,3/1,6 supplementation on respiratory infection, fatigue, immune markers and gut health among moderate stress adults in Klang Valley of Malaysia: pro... by Suzana Shahar, Kalavathy Ramasamy, Norhayati Ibrahim, Nur Nadia Mohamad Habibullah, Munirah Ismail, Mohd Zul Amin Kamaruddin, Shirley Gee Hoon Tang, Mohd Faisal Abdul Hamid

“…However, little is known regarding the efficacy of YBG at lower dosages in relation to URTI, fatigue, immune response and uncertainties of how they affect the gut microbiota composition.Methods and analysis This 12-week randomised, double-blinded, placebo control, parallel-group clinical trial aims to evaluate the efficacy of YBG 1,3/1,6 on respiratory tract infection, fatigue, immune markers and gut health among adults with moderate stress. …”
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Peculiarities of the blood system of animals under the conditions of consumption of drinking water containing chlorates by T.E. Kravchun, L.A. Tomashevskaya, L.A. Tomashevskaya, V.A. Prokopov, T.V. Kulish, V.S. Tsytsyruk

“…Thus, the nature and features of changes in hematological indicators in the body of experimental animals during a chronic sanitary-toxicological experiment under the influence of chlorates in drinking water may indicate that chlorates affect the indicators of the blood system, being the indirect signs of disorders of other functional systems in the body, namely – slowing of redox reactions, hypoxic manifestations, reduction and weakening of the immune response and reactivity, etc.…”
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Real-world outdoor air exposure effects in a model of the human airway epithelium – A comparison of healthy and asthmatic individuals using a mobile laboratory setting by Pavel Rossner, Helena Libalova, Tereza Cervena, Michal Sima, Zuzana Simova, Kristyna Vrbova, Antonin Ambroz, Zuzana Novakova, Fatima Elzeinova, Anezka Vimrova, Lubos Dittrich, Michal Vojtisek, Martin Pechout, Michal Vojtisek-Lom

“…In samples originating from healthy and asthmatic individuals, we assessed the parameters of toxicity, lipid peroxidation and immune response; we further performed comprehensive monitoring of air pollutants at sampling sites. …”
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Lactic acid in the vaginal milieu modulates the Candida-host interaction by Diletta Rosati, Marisa Valentine, Mariolina Bruno, Arnab Pradhan, Axel Dietschmann, Martin Jaeger, Ian Leaves, Frank L. van de Veerdonk, Leo A.B. Joosten, Sumita Roy, Mark H. T. Stappers, Neil A.R. Gow, Bernhard Hube, Alistair J.P. Brown, Mark S. Gresnigt, Mihai G. Netea

“…This potentially contributes to the immune response dysregulation and neutrophil recruitment observed during recurrent VVC.…”
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The Impact of Nutritional Status and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (CD4+ and CD8+) on Chemotherapy Response in Colorectal Cancer Patients by Lukman K, Septianto R, Rudiman R, Ruchimat T, Sribudiani Y, Nugraha P, Primastari E, Budiman D

“…Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are frequently associated with colorectal cancer and are believed to play a significant role in the immune response to cancer cells. Regarding chemotherapy responses in patients with colorectal cancer, this study aims to investigate the association between nutritional status and infiltrating lymphocyte counts, specifically CD4+ and CD8+.Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study analyzed the impact of nutritional status using body mass index (BMI) and TILs levels (CD4+/CD8+) on chemotherapy outcomes in CRC patients treated at a tertiary hospital in West Java, Indonesia, from July 2023 to June 2024.Results: Thirty-six research subjects were included. …”
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Bioinformatics combining machine learning and single-cell sequencing analysis to identify common mechanisms and biomarkers of rheumatoid arthritis and ischemic heart failure by Ziyi Sun, Jianguo Lin, Xiaoning Sun, Zhangjun Yun, Xiaoxiao Zhang, Siyu Xu, Jinlong Duan, Kuiwu Yao

“…The findings underscore the critical roles of sarcomere organization, prolactin signaling, protein methyltransferase activity, and immune responses in the progression of IHF in RA patients. …”
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Multiple Gene Deletion Mutants of Equine Herpesvirus 1 Exhibit Strong Protective Efficacy Against Wild Virus Challenge in a Murine Model by Stephanie S. Pradhan, Vekataramireddy Balena, Bidhan Chandra Bera, Taruna Anand, Rhushikesh Khetmalis, Aashwina Madhwal, Supriya Kandasamy, Selvaraj Pavulraj, Manju Bernela, Priya Mor, Bhupendra Nath Tripathi, Nitin Virmani

“…Both mutants induced an optimal level of EHV1-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, as determined by virus neutralization assay, ELISA, and immunophenotyping. …”
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Waning neutralizing antibodies through 180 days after homologous and heterologous boosters of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine by Zhifei Chen, Fangqin Xie, Hairong Zhang, Dong Li, Suhan Zhang, Mengping Zhang, Junrong Li, Jianfeng Xie, Lina Zhang, Xiuhui Yang, Dongjuan Zhang

“…We evaluated humoral immune responses and their longevity by measuring the geometric mean titers (GMTs) of neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 virus at various time points post-boost. …”
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P2Y2 Receptor Induces L. amazonensis Infection Control in a Mechanism Dependent on Caspase-1 Activation and IL-1β Secretion by Maria Luiza Thorstenberg, Monique Daiane Andrade Martins, Vanessa Figliuolo, Claudia Lucia Martins Silva, Luiz Eduardo Baggio Savio, Robson Coutinho-Silva

“…IL-1β/IL-1R signaling is crucial for P2Y2R-mediated protective immune response in an experimental model of cutaneous leishmaniasis.…”
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A Novel Immune-Related lncRNA-Based Model for Survival Prediction in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma by Zedan Zhang, Yanlin Tang, Yanjun Liu, Hongkai Zhuang, Enyu Lin, Lu Xie, Xiaoqiang Feng, Kaiwen Tian, Jiayi Zeng, Jiumin Liu, Yuming Yu

“…Functional enrichment analysis showed the signature and each lncRNA were mainly enriched in pathways associated with regulation of immune response. Several kinds of tumor-infiltrating immune cells like regulatory T cells, T follicular helper cells, CD8+ T cells, resting mast cells, and naïve B cells were significantly correlated with the signature. …”
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Aspergillus fumigatus Influences Gasdermin-D-Dependent Pyroptosis of the Lung via Regulating Toll-Like Receptor 2-Mediated Regulatory T Cell Differentiation by Wei Yan, Yi-si Zhao, Ke Xie, Yu Xing, Fang Xu

“…Aspergillus fumigatus, as an opportunistic fungus, has developed a series of escape mechanisms under the host’s immune response to obtain nutrients and promote fungal growth in the hostile environment. …”
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HBV and HBsAg strongly reshape the phenotype, function, and metabolism of DCs according to patients’ clinical stage by Lucile Dumolard, Theophile Gerster, Florent Chuffart, Thomas Decaens, Marie-Noelle Hilleret, Sylvie Larrat, Philippe Saas, Evelyne Jouvin-Marche, David Durantel, Patrice N. Marche, Zuzana Macek Jilkova, Caroline Aspord

“…Dendritic cells (DCs) play important roles in the immune response against HBV but are functionally impaired in patients with chronic hepatitis B. …”
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Dysfunctional β-cell autophagy induces β-cell stress and enhances islet immunogenicity by Matthew C. Austin, Charanya Muralidharan, Saptarshi Roy, Justin J. Crowder, Jon D. Piganelli, Amelia K. Linnemann, Amelia K. Linnemann

“…Defects in β-cell stress response pathways such as autophagy may play an important role in activating and/or exacerbating the immune response in disease development. Previously, we discovered that β-cell autophagy is impaired prior to the onset of T1D, implicating this pathway in T1D pathogenesis.AimsTo assess the role of autophagy in β-cell health and survival, and whether defects in autophagy render islets more immunogenic.MethodsWe knocked out the critical autophagy enzyme, ATG7, in the β-cells of mice (ATG7Δβ-cell) then monitored blood glucose, performed glucose tolerance tests, and evaluated bulk islet mRNA and protein. …”
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Elevated Kappa Index in the Absence of Cerebrospinal Fluid IgG Oligoclonal Bands: Contribution of Intrathecal IgM and IgA Synthesis by Krzysztof Smolik, Roberta Bedin, Patrizia Natali, Martina Cardi, Diego Franciotta, Anna Maria Simone, Paolo Immovilli, Mario Santangelo, Matteo Gastaldi, Giulia De Napoli, Francesca Vitetta, Diana Ferraro

“…Routinely used for diagnostic aims, IgG IS, which can be assessed quantitatively (ad hoc formulas) or qualitatively (oligoclonal bands, OCBs), may fail in detecting a humoral immune response within the central nervous system (CNS). …”
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Related Pentacyclic Triterpenes Have Immunomodulatory Activity in Chronic Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis by Jéssica Adriana de Jesus, Márcia Dalastra Laurenti, Leila Antonangelo, Caroline Silvério Faria, João Henrique Ghilardi Lago, Luiz Felipe Domingues Passero

“…(L.) infantum; additionally, both triterpenes activated cellular immune response in the hamster model of visceral leishmaniasis.…”
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Mathematical modeling in autoimmune diseases: from theory to clinical application by Yaroslav Ugolkov, Yaroslav Ugolkov, Yaroslav Ugolkov, Antonina Nikitich, Antonina Nikitich, Cristina Leon, Gabriel Helmlinger, Kirill Peskov, Kirill Peskov, Kirill Peskov, Kirill Peskov, Victor Sokolov, Victor Sokolov, Alina Volkova, Alina Volkova

“…Yet, all models strive towards the same goal: to quantitatively describe various aspects of the immune response. The aim of this review was to conduct a systematic review and analysis of mathematical models of autoimmune diseases focused on the mechanistic description of the immune system, to consolidate existing quantitative knowledge on autoimmune processes, and to outline potential directions of interest for future model-based analyses. …”
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<i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> tropism and biodistribution of recombinant simian adenovirus type 25 by Irina V. Vavilova, Tatiana A. Ozharovskaia, Olga V. Zubkova, Olga Popova, Daria V. Voronina, Polina P. Goldovskaya, Denis I. Zrelkin, Alina Sh. Dzharullaeva, Inna V. Dolzhikova, Dmitry V. Shcheblyakov, Denis Yu. Logunov, Alexander L. Gintsburg

“…Different types of adenoviruses vary in their cellular tropism, which plays a key role in their ability to elicit an immune response. The aim of this study was to investigate the cellular tropism of the simian adenovirus type 25 in vitro and its biodistribution in vivo in comparison with human adenoviruses types 5 and 26. …”
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Viral Mimetic Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles for Targeting Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 by Ahn G, Yoon HW, Jeong JH, Kim YH, Shin WR, Song MS, Ahn JY

“…They reduced the robust immune response in vitro, especially IL-6 and IL-1β. Experiments in mice, Ag43β 700_RBD OMVs was successfully proven to be safe and effective; they produced a detectable level of nAbs with 39– 58% neutralisation and reduced viral titres in the lungs and brain without weight loss.Conclusion: The developed viral mimetic Ag43β 700_RBD OMVs may therefore be applied as a nanovesicle-theranostic platform for further emerging infectious disease-related diagnosis, vaccination, and treatment. …”
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