Assessing spacer acquisition rates in E. coli type I-E CRISPR arrays by Luke J. Peach, Haoyun Zhang, Brian P. Weaver, James Q. Boedicker, James Q. Boedicker

“…Through an adaptation process, short “spacer” sequences, captured from these elements and incorporated into a CRISPR array, provide target specificity for the immune response. CRISPR arrays and array expansion are also central to many emerging biotechnologies. …”
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Problems with studying directional natural selection in humans by S. V. Mikhailova

“…., for those associated with an immune response and cognitive abilities. Examination of the correlation between fertility and educational attainment yields conflicting results. …”
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OCH Ameliorates Bone Marrow Failure in Mice via Downregulation of T-Bet Expression by Xiaohong Qiao, Xiaotian Xie, Wei Shi, Jinqing Tang, Yuexia Shao, Fuxing Li

“…In conclusion, treatment of OCH prior to the induction of BMF could prevent the incidence of BMF possibly through downregulating T-bet expression leading to the transition of immune response from Th1 to Th2, suggesting OCH might be a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of BMF or AA.…”
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In-silico formulation of a next-generation polyvalent vaccine against multiple strains of monkeypox virus and other related poxviruses. by Abu Tayab Moin, Nurul Amin Rani, Rajesh B Patil, Tanjin Barketullah Robin, Md Asad Ullah, Zahidur Rahim, Md Foyzur Rahman, Talha Zubair, Mohabbat Hossain, A K M Moniruzzaman Mollah, Nurul Absar, Mahboob Hossain, Mohammed Abul Manchur, Nazneen Naher Islam

“…Both constructs were found to be highly antigenic, non-allergenic, nontoxic, and soluble, suggesting their potential to generate an adequate immune response and be safe for humans. Vaccine construct 1 was selected for molecular dynamic simulation studies. …”
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How the Knowledge of Interactions between Meningococcus and the Human Immune System Has Been Used to Prepare Effective Neisseria meningitidis Vaccines by R. Gasparini, D. Panatto, N. L. Bragazzi, P. L. Lai, A. Bechini, M. Levi, P. Durando, D. Amicizia

“…Capsular polysaccharide and lipooligosaccharide glycan composition, in particular, play a major role in circumventing immune response. The understanding of these mechanisms has opened new horizons in the field of vaccinology. …”
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Early neutrophil activation and NETs release in the pristane-induced lupus mice model. by Solange Carrasco, Bernadete L Liphaus, Tatiana Vasconcelos Peixoto, Thais Martins Lima, Sueli Kunimi Kubo Ariga, Zelita Aparecida Jesus Queiroz, Thays de Matos Lobo, Sergio Catanozi, Letícia Gomes Rodrigues, Antônio Santos Filho, Walcy Rosolia Teodoro, Ana Paula Pereira Velosa, Débora Levy, Francisco Garcia Soriano, Cláudia Goldenstein-Schainberg

“…<h4>Conclusions</h4>We demonstrated early changes in the innate immune response such as an increased number of activated neutrophils and LDGs and mainly increased NETosis in the pristane-induced mice model which may be considered as the primary event triggering lupus development.…”
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Biologic Agents in Crohn’s Patients Reduce CD4+ T Cells Activation and Are Inversely Related to Treg Cells by Eliane Aparecida Rosseto-Welter, Leticia D’argenio-Garcia, Filipa Blasco Tavares Pereira Lopes, Ana Eduarda Zulim Carvalho, Fernando Flaquer, Vanessa Severo-Lemos, Claudia Concer Viero Nora, Flavio Steinwurz, Lucas Pires Garcia Oliveria, Thiago Aloia, Luiz Vicente Rizzo, Cristóvão Luis Pitangueira Mangueira, Karina Inacio Carvalho

“…This approach prolongs the subsequent clinical relapse; however, this procedure could be implicated in the immune response and enhance disease severity. Our purpose was to assess the effects of different treatments on CD4+ T cells in a cohort of patients with Crohn’s disease compared with healthy individuals. …”
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Machine learning-assisted cancer diagnosis in patients with paraneoplastic autoantibodies by Alireza Maleki, Mohammad Mahdi Mirza Ali Mohammadi, Shahab Gholizadeh, Behnaz Dalvandi, Mohammad Rahimi, Aidin Tarokhian

“…Abstract Purpose Paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS) are a group of rare disorders triggered by an immune response to malignancy, characterized by diverse neurological, muscular, and systemic symptoms. …”
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Identification of Hypoxia Signature to Assess the Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Predict Prognosis in Patients with Ovarian Cancer by Chunyan Wei, Xiaoqing Liu, Qin Wang, Qipei Li, Min Xie

“…The hypoxia risk model could serve as an independent prognostic indicator and reflect overall immune response intensity in the OC microenvironment.…”
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Comparative effectiveness of liquid and freeze-dried vaccines for oral vaccination of dogs against rabies by Z. D. Yershebulov, A. T. Zhunushov, Zh. T. Amanova

“…The level of the immune response against rabies in the vaccinated dogs was assessed by intracerebral infection of animals with virulent rabies virus strain CVS. …”
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In Silico Design of a Trans-Amplifying RNA-Based Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Structural Proteins by Fatemeh Nafian, Ghazal Soleymani, Zahra Pourmanouchehri, Mahnaz Kiyanjam, Simin Nafian, Sayed Mohammad Mohammadi, Hanie Jeyroudi, Sharareh Berenji Jalaei, Fatemeh Sabzpoushan

“…It consists of two molecules: a nonreplicating RNA encoding a trans-acting replicase to amplify the second one, a trans-replicon (TR) RNA encoding the vaccine protein. Overall, the immune response simulation detected that activated B and T lymphocytes and increased memory cell formation. …”
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Endothelial Progenitor Cell Migration-Enhancing Factors in the Secretome of Placental-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Witchayaporn Kamprom, Pakpoom Kheolamai, Yaowalak U-Pratya, Aungkura Supokawej, Methichit Wattanapanitch, Chuti Laowtammathron, Sittiruk Roytrakul, Surapol Issaragrisil

“…Therapeutic potentials of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) depend largely on their ability to secrete cytokines or factors that modulate immune response, enhance cell survival, and induce neovascularization in the target tissues. …”
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The Immune Landscape of Hepatitis B Virus-Related Acute Liver Failure by Integration Analysis by Jiao Gong, Yaqiong Chen, Jing Cao, Yang Wang, Jiahao Chen, Danyang Li, Liuping Sha, Xinhua Li, Yutian Chong, Bo Hu

“…PPI network and gene cluster analysis of immune genes and apoptosis and necroptosis genes suggested that hub genes were mainly related to immune response and apoptosis. In summary, our study offers a conceptual framework to understand the immune landscape of HBV-ALF, which might help to improve prognosis.…”
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Microenvironmental β-TrCP negates amino acid transport to trigger CD8+ T cell exhaustion in human non-small cell lung cancer by Ge Li, Zhenke Wen, Sidong Xiong

“…Consequently, inhibiting cancer-associated β-TrCP effectively restores the anti-tumor immune response of CD8+ T cells and curtails tumor growth in NSCLC patient-derived organoids. …”
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Adjuvant properties of chitosan derivatives administered to mice with anti-rabies vaccine by K. B. Dobroskok, E. I. Yarygina, M. S. Lipatova, M. S. Kalmykova

“…Much information is available now on chitosan positive effect, including its effect on the immune response. The article provides results of the preclinical tests for different affordable chitosan-based products. …”
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Outer Membrane Vesicles Derived from Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli Induce Inflammatory Response and Alter the Gene Expression of Junction-Associated Proteins in Human Intestin... by Bahareh Nadalian, Banafsheh Nadalian, Mohammad Reza Zali, Abbas Yadegar

“…The aim of this study was to determine the ability of OMVs derived from AIEC strain LF82 to induce the host immune response, leading to production of proinflammatory cytokines and also altering the gene expression of junction-associated proteins in the human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cell line. …”
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Emerging insights into intravital imaging, unraveling its role in cancer immunotherapy by Minfeng Yang, Shiqiang Hou, Yao Chen, Hongzhao Chen, Minjie Chu, Song-Bai Liu

“…Currently, several experimental strategies are available to monitor this complexity but most of them fail to facilitate real-time monitoring of the immune response such as cellular phagocytosis and cytolysis. …”
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Investigation of genes expression of the JAK/STAT signalling pathway and AMPs in the presence of Borrelia spirochetes in Ixodes ricinus by Magdalena Szczotko, Sandra Antunes, Ana Domingos, Małgorzata Dmitryjuk

“…Ticks have a basic innate immune system and protect themselves from infection through innate immune responses involving pathways such as Janus kinase (JAK) or the signalling transducer activator of transcription (STAT). …”
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth and the Orbicularis Oris Muscle: How Do They Behave When Exposed to a Proinflammatory Stimulus? by Alessander Leyendecker Junior, Carla Cristina Gomes Pinheiro, Daniela Yukie Sakai Tanikawa, José Ricardo Muniz Ferreira, Mariane Tami Amano, Daniela Franco Bueno

“…Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been studied as a promising type of stem cell for use in cell therapies because of their ability to regulate the immune response. Although they are classically isolated from the bone marrow, many studies have sought to isolate MSCs from noninvasive sources. …”
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Pathological Characteristics, Prognostic Determinants and the Outcome of Patients Diagnosed with Colorectal Adenocarcinoma at the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali by Delphine Uwamariya, Déogratias Ruhangaza, Belson Rugwizangoga

“…Mean age of the participants was 54.26 years, the main symptom was rectal bleeding (46.5%), rectal adenocarcinoma NOS represented 40.6%, conventional adenocarcinoma was 60.4%, most tumors were of Grade II (54.5%), most common stage was pT3N0 (20.8%), resection margins were free at 71.3%, lympho-vascular invasion was 49.5% of cases, a high immune response was in 71.3% of cases and of 101cases, and 55.4% were still alive at the end of the data collection, with 29.3% of patients have overall survival of 5 years. …”
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