Immunomodulation by Gut Microbiota: Role of Toll-Like Receptor Expressed by T Cells by Mariagrazia Valentini, Alessia Piermattei, Gabriele Di Sante, Giuseppe Migliara, Giovanni Delogu, Francesco Ria

“…A close relationship exists between gut microbiota and immune responses. An imbalance of this relationship can determine local and systemic immune diseases. …”
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Cytokine Levels in the Serum of Healthy Subjects by Giulio Kleiner, Annalisa Marcuzzi, Valentina Zanin, Lorenzo Monasta, Giorgio Zauli

“…Growing knowledge about the cytokine network response has led to a better comprehension of mechanisms of pathologies and to the development of new treatments with biological drugs, able to block specific molecules of the immune response. Indeed, when the cytokine production is deregulated, diseases often occur. …”
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The Potential Impact of HNRNPA2B1 on Human Cancers Prognosis and Immune Microenvironment by Tao Huang, Gang Zhu, Fan Chen

“…This included analyzing the association of HNRNPA2B1 expression with prognosis, tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), immune response, and immune cell infiltration of individual tumors. …”
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Chronic-Alcohol-Abuse-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Development of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Yan Liang, Samantha M. Yeligar, Lou Ann S. Brown

“…The aims of this paper are to address the mechanisms for alcohol-induced GSH depletion and oxidation and the subsequent effects in alveolar barrier integrity, modulation of the immune response, and apoptosis.…”
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Cytokines and HCV-Related Disorders by Poupak Fallahi, Clodoveo Ferri, Silvia Martina Ferrari, Alda Corrado, Domenico Sansonno, Alessandro Antonelli

“…The complex cytokine network operating during initial infection allows a coordinated, effective development of both innate and adaptive immune responses. However, HCV interferes with cytokines at various levels and escapes immune response by inducing a T-helper (Th)2/T cytotoxic 2 cytokine profile. …”
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Transcriptomics profiling of Parkinson’s disease progression subtypes reveals distinctive patterns of gene expression by Carlo Fabrizio, Andrea Termine, Carlo Caltagirone

“…Notably, two subtypes displayed opposite expression patterns for pathways involved in immune response alterations. In contrast, the third subtype exhibited a more unique profile characterized by increased expression of genes related to detoxification processes. …”
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Expression Profiles of Differentially Expressed Circular RNAs and circRNA–miRNA–mRNA Regulatory Networks in SH-SY5Y Cells Infected with Coxsackievirus B5 by Jing Li, Heng Yang, Huaran Shi, Jihong Zhang, Wei Chen

“…Additionally, RT-qPCR was used to validate the RNA-seq data, and a circRNA–miRNA–mRNA interaction network was constructed based on two circRNAs, such as hsa_circ_0008378 and novel_circ_0014617, which were associated with the regulation of innate immune response in host cells. Additionally, we confirmed the two circRANs up-regulated the key factors in the IFN-I signaling pathway, hampering viral replication. …”
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A Unique Trinucleotide-Bloc Mutation-Based Two SARS-CoV-2 Genotypes with Potential Pathogenic Impacts by Mustak Ibn Ayub

“…Although some mutations provide benefits to the virus against human immune response, others may result in their reduced pathogenicity and virulence. …”
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Metabolic Acidosis Treatment as Part of a Strategy to Curb Inflammation by Tales Rubens de Nadai, Mariane Nunes de Nadai, Agnes Afrodite Sumarelli Albuquerque, Marco Tulio Menezes de Carvalho, Andrea Carla Celotto, Paulo Roberto Barbosa Evora

“…Abnormalities in systemic acid-base balance may induce significant changes in the immune response, and they may play a significant role in the development or maintenance of immune dysfunction. …”
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Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms Influence T1D Susceptibility among Pakistanis by Maryam Mukhtar, Andleeb Batool, Abdul Wajid, Iram Qayyum

“…The vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene regulates insulin secretion from the pancreas and acts as a mediator of the immune response through vitamin D. Polymorphism in VDR causes alterations in the functioning of vitamin D, leading to type 1 diabetes (T1D) predisposition. …”
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BNT162b2 Vaccination during Pregnancy Protects Both the Mother and Infant: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S Antibodies Persistently Positive in an Infant at 6 Months of Age by Chetna Mangat, Natasa Milosavljevic

“…This is the first case report in which BNT162b2 vaccination during pregnancy yielded a persistent immune response in an infant at 6 months of age. The declining anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibody titers noted at 6 months of age emphasize the need for the vaccination of children at this age.…”
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Exploring Host Genetic Polymorphisms Involved in SARS-CoV Infection Outcomes: Implications for Personalized Medicine in COVID-19 by Omar Ramos-Lopez, Lidia Daimiel, Ana Ramírez de Molina, Diego Martínez-Urbistondo, Juan A. Vargas, J. Alfredo Martínez

“…Although caution must be taken, the results of this systematic review suggest that multiple genetic polymorphisms are associated with SARS-CoV infection features by affecting virus pathogenesis and host immune response, which could have important applications for the study and understanding of genetics in SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and for personalized translational clinical practice depending on the population studied and associated environments.…”
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Impacts of host phylogeny, diet, and geography on the gut microbiome of rodents. by Sufia Akter Neha, John D Hanson, Jeremy E Wilkinson, Robert D Bradley, Caleb D Phillips

“…Mammalian gut microbial communities are thought to play a variety of important roles in health and fitness, including digestion, metabolism, nutrition, immune response, behavior, and pathogen protection. Gut microbiota diversity among hosts is strongly shaped by diet as well as phylogenetic relationships among hosts. …”
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Biomolecules of the Horseshoe Crab’s Hemolymph: Components of an Ancient Defensive Mechanism and Its Impact on the Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Industry by Md. Ashrafuzzaman, Mamudul Hasan Razu, Nazmir-Nur Showva, Tohmina Afroze Bondhon, Md. Moniruzzaman, Sad Al Rezwan Rahman, Md. Raisul Islam Rabby, Fatema Akter, Mala Khan

“…Recent data in biochemistry and immunology on the granular constituents of granule-specific proteins are stored in large and small granules which are involved in the cell-mediated immune response. L-granules contain most clotting proteins, which are necessary for hemolymph coagulation. …”
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The Role of Aggregates of Therapeutic Protein Products in Immunogenicity: An Evaluation by Mathematical Modeling by Liusong Yin, Xiaoying Chen, Abhinav Tiwari, Paolo Vicini, Timothy P. Hickling

“…However, TPP can induce unwanted immune responses that can impact both drug efficacy and patient safety. …”
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Analysis of the effect of ALA-PDT on macrophages in footpad model of mice infected with Fonsecaea monophora based on single-cell sequencing by Chen Wenyi, Wu Xuelin, Yaqoob Muhammad Danish, Liu Kangxing, Hu Yanqing, Ke Xiuling, Hu Yongxuan

“…We established a mice footpad infection model with Fonsecaea monophora and analyzed the impact of PDT treatment on the immune response of macrophages using single-cell sequencing. …”
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Anaesthesia affects immune function and impact on long-term cancer prognosis: A review by Kisdyanti Yuniar Melissa, Suandika Made, Rahmawati Arni Nur

“…Anaesthetic procedures, which are essential in surgical management, can affect the body’s immune response through direct and indirect mechanisms. …”
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Radiotherapy for Melanoma: More than DNA Damage by Susanne J. Rogers, Emsad Puric, Brigitte Eberle, Niloy R. Datta, Stephan B. Bodis

“…It has long been known that radiation causes not only DNA strand breaks, apoptosis, and necrosis, but also immunogenic modulation and cell death through the induction of dendritic cells, cell adhesion molecules, death receptors, and tumour-associated antigens, effectively transforming the tumour into an individualised vaccine. This immune response can be enhanced by the application of clinical hyperthermia as evidenced by randomised trial data in patients with melanoma. …”
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Correlation between Serum Osteopontin and miR-181a Levels in Allergic Rhinitis Children by Wenlong Liu, Qingxiang Zeng, Renzhong Luo

“…This study aims to evaluate the expression of OPN and miR-181a in children with AR and their association with Th1/Th2 immune response. Methods. Children who suffered from AR were included along with control subjects. …”
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Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells and stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in tuberculosis of various localizations: A review by Veronika V. Shumko, Andrei I. Gorelov, Anna N. Remezova, Yanina G. Ivanova, Alexandr N. Muraviov, Natalia M. Yudintceva, Tatiana I. Vinogradova, Anna A. Gorelova

“…The action of MSCs is mediated by the release of EV which play a direct role in the implementation of several important biological processes: angiogenesis, proliferation, modulation of the inflammatory process and immune response, inhibition of cellular apoptosis, etc. …”
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