The imbalance of circulating PD-L1-expressing non-classical/ classical monocytes is involved in immunocompromised host related pulmonary opportunistic infection by Danhong Zhou, Yujia Jin, Yifan Jin, Yu Shen, Qiuxia Qu, Cheng Chen

“…And monocytes play a key role in both innate and adaptive immune responses. We aimed to investigate the changes of circulating monocyte subsets in AID or AID-ICH patients with pulmonary infection. …”
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Clinical outcomes of COVID-19 infection in liver transplant recipients based on vaccination status by Vinathi Polamraju, Neeta Vachharajani, Brian F. Gage, Jeffrey S. Crippin, William C. Chapman

“…BackgroundCOVID-19 disease burden has been mitigated by vaccination; however, concerns persist regarding weakened immune responses in liver transplant (LT) recipients. This study investigates COVID-19 outcomes in LT recipients based on vaccination status.MethodsThis single-center retrospective study identified LT recipients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 infection from 03/01/2020 to 07/31/2023. …”
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Calreticulin as an Adjuvant In Vivo to Promote Dendritic Cell Maturation and Enhance Antigen-Specific T Lymphocyte Responses against Melanoma by Zheng Gong, Ming Chen, Jie Miao, Chao-Jie Han, Qiao Zhong, Fang-Yuan Gong, Xiao-Ming Gao

“…However, the effect of CRT/39-272 in vivo, especially its adjuvant effect on in vivo antitumor immune responses, was not fully investigated. In this study, we constructed a fusion protein linking CRT/39-272 to an ovalbumin (OVA) peptide (residues 182–297, OVAp) and used the fusion protein (OVAp-CRT) to examine the adjuvant effect of CRT. …”
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Exploring the mechanism of berberine treatment for atherosclerosis combined with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease based on bioinformatic and experimental study. by Shushu Wang, Kachun Lu, Liwen Lin, Gaijie Li, Yuxin Han, Zhichao Lin, Qingmin Chu, Kunsheng Wu, Peijian Liu, Guiting Zhou, Rui Peng, Chuanjin Luo

“…Function analysis revealed that the implicated genes were significantly involved in pathways like cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signaling, and IL-17 signaling pathway, suggesting their role in inflammation and immune responses. Single cell validation identified six key genes: dual specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6), chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3), complement component 5a receptor 1 (C5AR1), formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1), myeloid nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA), and proviral integration site of murine 2(PIM2). …”
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Role of T cell metabolism in brain tumor development: a genetic and metabolic approach by Bo Yang, Zhenyu Li, Peiliang Li, Bo Liang, Yuhan Liu, Enshan Feng

“…The emerging field of immunometabolism has shown that metabolic pathways play a pivotal role in regulating immune responses within the tumor microenvironment. This study aims to clarify the relationships between specific T cell phenotypes, circulating metabolites, and malignant brain tumors. …”
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Combined PARP14 inhibition and PD-1 blockade promotes cytotoxic T cell quiescence and modulates macrophage polarization in relapsed melanoma by Chun Wai Wong, Rotem Leshem, Kieran Neil Sefton, I-Hsuan Lin, Dervla Tamara Isaac, Mario Niepel, Adam Hurlstone

“…Despite the enhanced immune responses, tumor cells developed adaptive resistance by engaging alternative immune evasion pathways.Conclusions Although adaptive resistance mechanisms re-emerge, PARP14 inhibition combined with PD-1 blockade offers a promising strategy to enhance treatment outcomes and overcome ICI resistance in melanoma, as immune cells are primed for further therapeutic interventions that leverage the quiescent state.…”
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Skin Cell and Tissue Responses to Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid in Low-Grade Inflammatory Conditions by Benjamin Sanchez, Sandra Ferraro, Audrey Josset-Lamaugarny, Aurélie Pagnon, Charlie K. Hee, Lauren Nakab, Dominique Sigaudo-Roussel, Bérengère Fromy

“…We hypothesized that cross-linked HA and its degradation products, in a low-grade inflammatory microenvironment, could impact immune responses that could affect cell behaviours in the dermis. …”
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A Novel Role for Brain Natriuretic Peptide: Inhibition of IL-1β Secretion via Downregulation of NF-kB/Erk 1/2 and NALP3/ASC/Caspase-1 Activation in Human THP-1 Monocyte by Letizia Mezzasoma, Cinzia Antognelli, Vincenzo Nicola Talesa

“…Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a pleiotropic cytokine and a crucial mediator of inflammatory and immune responses. IL-1β processing and release are tightly controlled by complex pathways such as NF-kB/ERK1/2, to produce pro-IL-1β, and NALP3/ASC/Caspase-1 inflammasome, to produce the active secreted protein. …”
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Parasite-Specific IL-17-Type Cytokine Responses and Soluble IL-17 Receptor Levels in Alveolar Echinococcosis Patients by Christian J. Lechner, Beate Grüner, Xiangsheng Huang, Wolfgang H. Hoffmann, Peter Kern, Peter T. Soboslay

“…These observations suggest immune-modulating properties of E. multitocularis on lL-17 cytokine-mediated pro-inflammatory immune responses; this may facilitate the tissue infiltrative growth of the parasite and its persistence in the human host.…”
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Genetics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current Understanding and Future Directions by P. K. Chandra Sekar, R. Veerabathiran

“…Genetic variants, including NOD2, ATG16L1, and IL23R, contribute to dysregulation of immune responses, epithelial barrier function, and mucosal homeostasis. …”
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Comparing Effects of BK Virus Agnoprotein and Herpes Simplex-1 ICP47 on MHC-I and MHC-II Expression by Michela Cioni, Christian Mittelholzer, Marion Wernli, Hans H. Hirsch

“…BKV agnoprotein is abundantly expressed late in the viral life cycle, but specific cellular and humoral immune responses are low or absent. We hypothesized that agnoprotein might contribute to BKV immune evasion by downregulating HLA expression, similar to Herpes simplex virus-1 ICP47. …”
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Dietary Niacin Requirement of Juvenile Chinese Mitten Crab, Eriocheir sinensis by Xuran Liu, Wenlong Wan, Mengge Li, Jiayuan Shi, Jie Xu, Zihan Zhou, Anran Wang, Shuyan Miao

“…Additionally, moderate dietary niacin levels significantly affected the nonspecific immune responses of crabs, by improving the activity of catalase (CAT), glutathione s-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) (p<0.05). …”
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Pan-Cancer Analysis of the Prognostic and Immunotherapeutic Value of PDGFB by Bai Y, Wang X, Wang B

“…PDGFB, which is involved in various immune responses, influences the malignant characteristics of various cancer types and controls immune cell infiltration. …”
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Human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived therapies for regeneration after central nervous system injury by Stephen Vidman, Yee Hang Ethan Ma, Nolan Fullenkamp, Giles W. Plant

“…Furthermore, successful transplantation requires innovative approaches to develop delivery vectors that can mitigate cell death and support integration. Lastly, host immune responses to allogeneic grafts must be thoroughly characterized and further developed to reduce the need for immunosuppression. …”
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Transcriptional induction of the IMD signaling pathway and associated antibacterial activity in the digestive tract of cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) by Katie Weber, Dhruva Karnik, Lisa D. Brown

“…Conclusions Our findings provide essential insights into the potential mechanisms by which cat fleas regulate immune responses in their digestive tract against different bacterial species. …”
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Dual Role of Bacteria in Carcinoma: Stimulation and Inhibition by Suad A Al-Hilu, Wisam H Al-Shujairi

“…In this review, we discuss links between the bacterial species and cancer, with focus on immune responses for the stimulation of tumor cells such as induction of inflammation. …”
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Proteomic characterization of molecular mechanisms of paraquat-induced lung injury in a mouse model by Yu Qing Zhou, Jin Jin Peng, Li Ping Shan, Wei Liu

“…Conclusions PQ-induced ALI depends on over-activation of immune responses by damaged alveolar/endothelial cells, and the complement/coagulation cascade pathway plays a key role during this process. …”
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Prognosis Analysis and Validation of Fatty Acid Metabolism-Related lncRNAs and Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Cervical Cancer by Xiaolin Lang, Changchang Huang, Hongyin Cui

“…The association between risk model and immune responses was analyzed. In this study, we screened 9 differently expressed lncRNAs associated with the clinical outcome of CC patients. …”
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Adenosine-Induced NLRP11 in B Lymphoblasts Suppresses Human CD4+ T Helper Cell Responses by Irem Ozel, Ilgin Akkaya, Ece Oylumlu, Goksu Uzel, Ceren Ciraci

“…The true stimulus of NLRP11 is still unclear to date, so the current study is built upon NLRP11 induction via adenosine stimulation and that activation can shape adaptive immune responses in a caspase-1-independent manner. We examined the regulation and mechanism of adenosine responsiveness via NLRP11 in human Daudi Burkitt’s B lymphoma cells and their effects on human peripheral CD4+ T lymphocytes from healthy individuals. …”
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An Open‐Label Phase II Trial of Pembrolizumab, an Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Alone or in Combination With Oral Azacitidine as Second‐Line Therapy for Advanced Head and Neck Squamo... by Vinod K. Ramani, Srimonta Gayen, Radheshyam Naik

“…ABSTRACT Background and Aims Sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy depends in part on the genetic and epigenetic makeup of cancer cells, and CD8 T‐lymphocytes that mediate immune responses. Epigenetics are heritable reversible changes in gene expression that occur without any changes in the nuclear DNA sequence or DNA copy number. …”
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