Vitreous Mediators in Retinal Hypoxic Diseases by Roberto dell'Omo, Francesco Semeraro, Giulio Bamonte, Francesco Cifariello, Mario R. Romano, Ciro Costagliola

“…Cytokines and chemokines are multifunctional mediators that can direct the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of inflammation, promote the process, enhance immune responses, and promote stem cell survival, development, and homeostasis. …”
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The Effect of Immunosuppressive Drugs on MDSCs in Transplantation by Fan Yang, Yang Li, Qian Zhang, Liang Tan, Longkai Peng, Yong Zhao

“…Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a group of innate immune cells that regulates both innate and adaptive immune responses. In recent years, MDSCs were shown to play an important negative regulatory role in transplant immunology even upstream of regulatory T cells. …”
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Advancing Therapeutic Targets in IBD: Emerging Goals and Precision Medicine Approaches by Lucia Centanni, Clelia Cicerone, Fabrizio Fanizzi, Ferdinando D’Amico, Federica Furfaro, Alessandra Zilli, Tommaso Lorenzo Parigi, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet, Silvio Danese, Mariangela Allocca

“…Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic, relapsing conditions characterized by dysregulated immune responses and persistent intestinal inflammation. …”
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Gut Microbiota Secondary Metabolites: Key Roles in GI Tract Cancers and Infectious Diseases by Eman K. E. Anwer, Muhammad Ajagbe, Moustafa Sherif, Abobaker S. Musaibah, Shuaib Mahmoud, Ali ElBanbi, Anwar Abdelnaser

“…Recent research has highlighted the significant role of these metabolites, particularly short-chain fatty acids, indoles, and bile acids, in modulating immune responses, impacting epigenetic mechanisms, and contributing to disease processes. …”
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Follicular T cells and the control of IgE responses by Pablo F. Cañete, Di Yu

“…We will discuss the exclusion of IgE-producing B cells from germinal centers and explore the recently established role of follicular T cell function and heterogeneity in driving or curtailing these immune responses. Additionally, we will assess the current state of major monoclonal antibodies and allergen immunotherapies designed to counteract Th2-driven inflammation, as well as reflect on the need to investigate how these biologics impact Tfh cell activity, differentiation, and function, as these insights could pave the way for much-needed therapeutic innovation in the treatment of allergic diseases.…”
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Emerging role of gut microbiota extracellular vesicle in neurodegenerative disorders and insights on their therapeutic management by Adil Hassan, Yin Huang, Mahjabina, Otmilda Hapsari Sudiro, Xiangxiu Wang, Jingqin He, Yan Wei, Xiaoling Liao, Guixue Wang

“…Vesicle components contact immune receptors, initiating neuroinflammatory immune responses and causing neurodegenerative diseases. …”
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Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Eosinophilic and Neutrophilic Airway Inflammation in Asthma by Girolamo Pelaia, Alessandro Vatrella, Maria Teresa Busceti, Luca Gallelli, Cecilia Calabrese, Rosa Terracciano, Rosario Maselli

“…Eosinophilic asthma includes either allergic or nonallergic phenotypes underlying immune responses mediated by T helper (Th)2 cell-derived cytokines, whilst neutrophilic asthma is mostly dependent on Th17 cell-induced mechanisms. …”
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Modulatory Function of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Yi-Ping Chuang, Chih-Hung Wang, Ning-Chi Wang, Deh-Ming Chang, Huey-Kang Sytwu

“…Studies of SLE-susceptible loci and the cellular and humoral immune responses reveal variable aberrations associated with this systemic disease. …”
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Gut microbiota-derived metabolites and chronic inflammatory diseases by Alejandra Vargas, Benjamin L. Robinson, Kevin Houston, Ana Rosa Vilela Sangay, Michael Saadeh, Steve D’Souza, David A. Johnson

“…These metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, and tryptophan derivatives, are key in modulating immune responses and regulating metabolic functions. Dysbiosis disrupts the production and function of these metabolites, thereby contributing to immune dysregulation, chronic inflammation, and disease progression. …”
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Increased TNF-α Initiates Cytoplasmic Vacuolization in Whole Blood Coculture with Dengue Virus by Rahmat Dani Satria, Tzu-Wen Huang, Ming-Kai Jhan, Ting-Jing Shen, Po-Chun Tseng, Yun-Ting Wang, Zhen-Yu Yang, Chung-Hsi Hsing, Chiou-Feng Lin

“…During the acute febrile phase of dengue virus (DENV) infection, viremia can cause severe systemic immune responses accompanied by hematologic disorders. …”
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The Role of Proteinase-Activated Receptors 1 and 2 in the Regulation of Periodontal Tissue Metabolism and Disease by E. S. Rovai, M. Holzhausen

“…The mechanisms through which PARs can respond to periodontal enzymes and result in appropriate immune responses have until recently been poorly understood. …”
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Potential Usefulness of Streptococcus pneumoniae Extracellular Membrane Vesicles as Antibacterial Vaccines by Chi-Won Choi, Edmond Changkyun Park, Sung Ho Yun, Sang-Yeop Lee, Seung Il Kim, Gun-Hwa Kim

“…We also identified a number of proteins that may have immunogenic activity and may be responsible for the immune responses by the hosts. These results suggest that S. pneumoniae EMVs or their individual immunogenic antigens may be useful as new vaccine agents.…”
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An Update on Anti-COVID-19 Vaccines and the Challenges to Protect Against New SARS-CoV-2 Variants by Fábio Mambelli, Ana Carolina V. S. C. de Araujo, Jéssica P. Farias, Kivia Q. de Andrade, Luis C. S. Ferreira, Paola Minoprio, Luciana C. C. Leite, Sergio C. Oliveira

“…Given the impact of the pandemic, the continuous changes of the virus, and present vaccine technologies, this review analyzes how, so far, we have met the challenge posed by the emergence of new variants and discusses how next-generation pan-coronavirus vaccines, with enhanced longevity and breadth of immune responses, may be tackled with alternative administration routes and antigen delivery platforms. …”
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Dynamic Roles of RNA and RNA Epigenetics in HTLV-1 Biology by Emily M. King, Amanda R. Panfil

“…Viruses, particularly retroviruses like human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), rely heavily on RNA and RNA post-transcriptional modifications to regulate the viral lifecycle, pathogenesis, and evasion of host immune responses. With the emergence of new sequencing technologies in the last decade, our ability to dissect the intricacies of RNA has flourished. …”
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Understanding schizophrenia through animal models: The role of environmental stressors by Manojlović Marina

“…Prenatal exposure to infections, such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and viral components such as poly I:C, activates immune responses that lead to long-lasting structural and functional changes in the brain, including hippocampal atrophy and cortical thinning. …”
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Scorpion Venom and the Inflammatory Response by Vera L. Petricevich

“…Although the pathophysiology of envenomation is complex and not yet fully understood, venom and immune responses are known to trigger the release of inflammatory mediators that are largely mediated by cytokines. …”
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Spatial-Temporal Patterns and Inflammatory Factors of Bone Matrix Remodeling by Jiechen Wang, Fengyuan Guo, Guangjin Chen, Jiwei Sun, Qingming Tang, Lili Chen

“…Studies show that the circadian oscillations of these factors in bone ECM potentially influence the interactions between immune responses and bone formation. More importantly, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) within the specific microenvironments provide the regenerative potential for tissue remodeling. …”
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Nanomaterials in cancer immunotherapy: targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts by Zhongsong Zhang, Long Chen

“…Their aptitude for modulating immune responses, amplifying drug efficacy through precise delivery, and discerningly focusing on cells within the TME situates nanomaterials as formidable tools to transcend the boundaries set by conventional treatments. …”
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The Opportunistic Pathogen Listeria monocytogenes: Pathogenicity and Interaction with the Mucosal Immune System by Markus Schuppler, Martin J. Loessner

“…Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the interaction of L. monocytogenes with the host immune system that triggers the antibacterial immune responses on the mucosal surfaces of the human gastrointestinal tract.…”
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IL-22 mediates goblet cell hyperplasia and worm expulsion in intestinal helminth infection. by Jan-Eric Turner, Brigitta Stockinger, Helena Helmby

“…Type 2 immune responses are essential in protection against intestinal helminth infections. …”
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