Dual role of pyroptosis in liver diseases: mechanisms, implications, and therapeutic perspectives by Siyuan Yang, Yunyi Zou, Chunhua Zhong, Zuoqiong Zhou, Xiyang Peng, Changfa Tang

“…It facilitates the clearance of damaged hepatocytes, preventing secondary injury, and triggers immune responses to eliminate pathogens and damaged cells. …”
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Medicinal products used for the treatment and prophylaxis of COVID-19 by A. Vaitkevičius

“…The article summarizes the known data on the efficacy and safety of antiviral agents and medicines used to control immune responses, precautions and possible adverse effects on the nervous system, which could be beneficial to the physicians in clinical practice. …”
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Regulation of Immune Cell Functions by Metabolic Reprogramming by Jaehong Kim

“…Recent findings show that the metabolic status of immune cells can determine immune responses. Metabolic reprogramming between aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, previously speculated as exclusively observable in cancer cells, exists in various types of immune and stromal cells in many different pathological conditions other than cancer. …”
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Coinhibitory Molecules in Autoimmune Diseases by Norihiko Watanabe, Hiroshi Nakajima

“…Coinhibitory molecules such as CTLA-4, PD-1 and BTLA negatively regulate immune responses. Multiple studies indicate that the deficiency or mutation of coinhibitory molecules leads to the development of autoimmune diseases in mice and humans, indicating that the negative signals from coinhibitory molecules are crucial for the prevention of autoimmunity. …”
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Virological Mechanisms in the Coinfection between HIV and HCV by Maria Carla Liberto, Emilia Zicca, Grazia Pavia, Angela Quirino, Nadia Marascio, Carlo Torti, Alfredo Focà

“…A specific cross-talk among HIV and HCV proteins in coinfected patients modulates the natural history, the immune responses, and the life cycle of both viruses. These effects are mediated by immune mechanisms and by a cross-talk between the two viruses which could interfere with host defense mechanisms. …”
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HERVs Endophenotype in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Human Endogenous Retroviruses, Specific Immunoreactivity, and Disease Association in Different Family Members by Marco Bo, Alessandra Carta, Chiara Cipriani, Vanna Cavassa, Elena Rita Simula, Nguyen Thi Huyen, Giang Thi Hang Phan, Marta Noli, Claudia Matteucci, Stefano Sotgiu, Emanuela Balestrieri, Leonardo Antonio Sechi

“…Certain HERV families show unique expression patterns and immune responses in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients compared to healthy controls, suggesting their potential as biomarkers. …”
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Saving Death: Apoptosis for Intervention in Transplantation and Autoimmunity by Alice Li, Okechukwu Ojogho, Alan Escher

“…Long considered immunologically “bland,” apoptotic cells are now recognized as important modulators of immune responses. The role of apoptosis in immunological homeostasis has been inferred from several findings, for example, induction of tolerance after injection of apoptotic cells and the capacity of APCs like macrophages and DCs to induce and maintain tolerance after phagocytosis of dead cells. …”
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The role of BATF in immune cell differentiation and autoimmune diseases by Xiaomeng Wang, Yue Hong, Jinmei Zou, Bo Zhu, Chao Jiang, Liwei Lu, Jie Tian, Jing Yang, Ke Rui

“…Recent studies have demonstrated that BATF not only plays pivotal roles in innate and adaptive immune responses but also acts as a crucial factor in the differentiation and function of various immune cells. …”
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Anti-TNF-α Therapy Suppresses Proinflammatory Activities of Mucosal Neutrophils in Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Cui Zhang, Weigang Shu, Guangxi Zhou, Jian Lin, Feifei Chu, Huili Wu, Zhanju Liu

“…These data indicate that TNF-α plays a critical role in the induction of mucosal inflammatory response, and that blockade of TNF-α modulates intestinal homeostasis through balancing immune responses of neutrophils.…”
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Recent Advances of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Central Nervous System Disorders by Keren Zhou, Ligen Shi, Yan Wang, Sheng Chen, Jianmin Zhang

“…These cytokines play a critical role in mediating inflammation and innate immunity response. Among various inflammasome complexes, the NLRP3 inflammasome is the best characterized, which has been demonstrated as a crucial role in various diseases. …”
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Dendritic Cells and Their Multiple Roles during Malaria Infection by Kelly N. S. Amorim, Daniele C. G. Chagas, Fernando B. Sulczewski, Silvia B. Boscardin

“…Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in the initiation of adaptive immune responses, efficiently presenting antigens to T cells. …”
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T and B cell epitope analysis for the immunogenicity evaluation and mitigation of antibody-based therapeutics by Ruoxuan Sun, Mark G. Qian, Xiaobin Zhang

“…However, the administration of exogenous biologics could potentially trigger unwanted immune responses such as generation of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs). …”
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Carcinogenic and anticancer activities of microbiota-derived secondary bile acids by Mobina Kouhzad, Friedrich Götz, Tahereh Navidifar, Elahe Taki, Mahsa Ghamari, Roghayeh Mohammadzadeh, Maryam Seyedolmohadesin, Narjess Bostanghadiri

“…Conversely, some SBAs exhibit anticancer properties by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting cell proliferation, and modulating immune responses. The article also discusses the complex interplay between SBAs and the host’s genetic and environmental factors, highlighting potential therapeutic implications and the need for targeted strategies to mitigate risks while harnessing beneficial effects. …”
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The Role of Chemokines in Breast Cancer Pathology and Its Possible Use as Therapeutic Targets by M. Isabel Palacios-Arreola, Karen E. Nava-Castro, Julieta I. Castro, Eduardo García-Zepeda, Julio C. Carrero, Jorge Morales-Montor

“…Chemokines are small proteins that primarily regulate the traffic of leukocytes under homeostatic conditions and during specific immune responses. The chemokine-chemokine receptor system comprises almost 50 chemokines and approximately 20 chemokine receptors; thus, there is no unique ligand for each receptor and the binding of different chemokines to the same receptor might have disparate effects. …”
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Bacterial carrier-mediated drug delivery systems: a promising strategy in cancer therapy by Sizuo Yan, Yu Gan, Huizhe Xu, Huizhe Xu, Haozhe Piao, Haozhe Piao

“…Bacteria have chemotaxis that can target and colonize tumor tissue, as well as activate anti-tumor immune responses, which makes them ideal for biomedical applications. …”
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Unfolded protein responses in T cell immunity by Wencan Zhang, Xu Cao

“…Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) are integral to T cell biology, influencing immune responses and associated diseases. This review explores the interplay between the UPR and T cell immunity, highlighting the role of these cellular processes in T cell activation, differentiation, and function. …”
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HMBG1 as a Driver of Inflammatory and Immune Processes in the Pathogenesis of Ocular Diseases by Yi Liu, Guo-Bin Zhuang, Xue-Zhi Zhou

“…In this review, we summarize current knowledge on HMGB1 as a ligand that can evoke inflammation and immune responses in ocular diseases.…”
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Immunoregulation of NKT Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Junwei Chen, Meng Wu, Jing Wang, Xiaofeng Li

“…Natural killer T (NKT) cells are innate lymphocytes that play a regulatory role during broad range of immune responses. A number of studies demonstrated that the quantity and quality of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells showed marked defects in SLE patients in comparison to healthy controls. …”
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The Role of Mitochondrial Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Chronic Neuroinflammation by Ekta Bajwa, Caitlin B. Pointer, Andis Klegeris

“…Mitochondrial DAMPs have been shown to initiate proinflammatory immune responses from nonneuronal glial cells, including microglia and astrocytes; thereby, they have the potential to contribute to the chronic neuroinflammation present in these disorders accelerating the degeneration of neurons. …”
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MHCI trafficking signal‐based mRNA vaccines strengthening immune protection against RNA viruses by Yupei Zhang, Songhui Zhai, Shugang Qin, Yuting Chen, Kepan Chen, Zhiying Huang, Xing Lan, Yaoyao Luo, Guohong Li, Hao Li, Xi He, Meiwan Chen, Zhongwei Zhang, Xingchen Peng, Xin Jiang, Hai Huang, Xiangrong Song

“…However, there was a lack of research investigating its efficacy in enhancing immune responses to RNA virus infections. Here, we have developed an innovative strategy for the formulation of mRNA vaccines. …”
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