Fatal Disseminated Kaposi's Sarcoma due to Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome following HAART Initiation by Fatuma Catherine Atieno Odongo

“…This is a case report of disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma in the context of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in an HIV-infected patient on HAART regimen for 2 months. …”
Get full text

Chronic Disseminated Candidiasis Complicated by Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in Child with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia by Olga Zając-Spychała, Bogna Ukielska, Katarzyna Jończyk-Potoczna, Benigna Konatkowska, Jacek Wachowiak

“…Hepatosplenic candidiasis also known as chronic disseminated candidiasis is a rare manifestation of invasive fungal infection typically observed in patients with acute leukemia in prolonged, deep neutropenia. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is an inflammatory disorder triggered by rapid resolution of neutropenia. …”
Get full text

Visceral Leishmaniasis and Herpes Zoster as a Component of Syndrome of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in an HIV-Positive Patient by Ermira Muço, Arta Karruli, Neada Hoxha, Alma Hoxhaj, Majlinda Kokici

Get full text

Clinical Characteristics of Tuberculosis-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in North Indian Population of HIV/AIDS Patients Receiving HAART by Suman Karmakar, Surendra K. Sharma, Richa Vashishtha, Abhishek Sharma, Sanjay Ranjan, Deepak Gupta, Vishnubhatla Sreenivas, Sanjeev Sinha, Ashutosh Biswas, Vinay Gulati

Get full text

Guillain–Barre syndrome: An atypical presentation of IRIS on initiation of antiretroviral therapy in a newly diagnosed HIV infected by Hardik Patel, Debajyoti Majumdar, Dolanchampa Modak

Subjects: Get full text

Predictors of cytomegalovirus infection in patients with connective tissue disease treated by pulsed methylprednisolone therapy: a multicenter retrospective cohort study by Haruka Ito, Takahiko Yoshimoto, Akatsuki Kokaze, Kuninobu Wakabayashi, Kazuteru Noguchi, Kiyoshi Matsui, Bunki Natsumoto, Keishi Fujio, Yutaro Hayashi, Yuko Kaneko, Takahisa Gono, Koh Okamoto, Shu Okugawa, Kyoji Moriya, Hirohiko Sueki

Subjects: Get full text

Clinical profile and outcomes analysis of HIV infection by Ashwant Kumar, Yoganathan Chidambaram, Clement J. Dhas, Nekkanti Abilash, Murali Alagesan

Subjects: Get full text

Pulmonary Embolism following Cessation of Infliximab for Treatment of Miliary Tuberculosis by Brian Lee, Farid Moosavy

“…This presentation of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism as part of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome has not been previously reported for infliximab treated patients.…”
Get full text

Rituximab-Associated Inflammatory Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy by Chandra Punch, Christina Schofield, Penelope Harris

“…Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare disease of the immunosuppression that results from neurotropic invasion of the JC virus which leads to demyelination of oligodendrocytes. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), on the other hand, is a condition of inflammation that develops as the immune system reconstitutes. …”
Get full text

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in an AIDS Patient with Kaposi Sarcoma: A Treatment Dilemma by Oluwadunni E. Emiloju, Sorab Gupta, Vivian Arguello-Guerra, Claudia Dourado

“…We present an unusual case of a patient with AIDS and disseminated Kaposi sarcoma who was commenced on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) but developed HLH secondary to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). We report this case to highlight the difficulty in managing this patient given the complex interplay of immunosuppression due to AIDS, immune reconstitution following initiation of HAART, and immune overdrive manifesting as HLH.…”
Get full text

Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV in the Setting of TB Treatment by Damani A. Piggott, Petros C. Karakousis

“…However, concomitant administration of antiretroviral and antituberculous therapies poses significant challenges, including cumulative drug toxicities, drug-drug interactions, high pill burden, and the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), thus complicating the management of coinfected individuals. …”
Get full text

Neurosyphilis with Concomitant Cryptococcal and Tuberculous Meningitis in a Patient with AIDS: Report of a Unique Case by Jose Armando Gonzales Zamora, Luis Alberto Espinoza, Rita N. Nwanyanwu

“…After a few weeks of treatment and initiation of antiretroviral therapy, he was also diagnosed with tuberculous meningitis, which was probably unmasked by the development of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). To the best of our knowledge, this is the only case of reported neurosyphilis and meningitis caused concomitantly by Cryptococcus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.…”
Get full text

Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (2024 edition) by Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Professional Group, Society of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Medical Association; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wei Zhao

“…This edition of the Guidelines covers 14 sections: epidemiology, pathogenic characteristics, laboratory tests, pathogenesis, clinical presentation and staging, diagnostic criteria, common opportunistic infections, antiretroviral therapy, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, incomplete immune reconstitution, AIDS-related neoplasms, prevention of mother-to-child transmission and conception in serodiscordant couples, pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis, and whole-course management of HIV infection. …”
Get full text

Graves' Disease as a Manifestation of Immune Reconstitution in HIV-Infected Individuals after Initiation of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy by Samad Rasul, Robert Delapenha, Faria Farhat, Jhansi Gajjala, Syeda Mehreen Zahra

“…Graves' disease after the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in certain HIV-1-infected individuals has been described as an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). This phenomenon should be suspected in individuals who present with clinical deterioration and a presentation suggestive of hyperthyroidism despite good virological and immunological response to HAART. …”
Get full text

PML-IRIS during Fingolimod Diagnosed after Natalizumab Discontinuation by J. Killestein, A. Vennegoor, A. E. L. van Golde, R. L. J. H. Bourez, M. L. B. Wijlens, M. P. Wattjes

“…The patient subsequently developed a PML-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after the initiation of Fingolimod treatment, suggesting that immune reconstitution may occur even during Fingolimod induced lymphopenia. …”
Get full text

Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Actions of Vitamin D in Combating TB/HIV by Anna K. Coussens, Adrian R. Martineau, Robert J. Wilkinson

“…Conversely, vitamin D can act to inhibit expression and secretion of a broad range of inflammatory mediators and matrix degrading enzymes driving immunopathology during active TB and antiretroviral- (ARV-) mediated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Adjunct vitamin D therapy during treatment of active TB may therefore reduce lung pathology and TB morbidity, accelerate resolution of cavitation and thereby decrease the chance of transmission, improve lung function following therapy, prevent relapse, and prevent IRIS in those initiating ARVs. …”
Get full text

Sintilimab for treating progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy caused by human polyomavirus 2 virus infection following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: a case re... by Xuelian Jin, Xushu Zhong, Qinyu Liu, Xinchuan Chen

“…No graft-versus-host disease occurred, but manageable immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome was observed.Conclusion: Sintilimab, a PD-1 inhibitor, might be used to treat PML in patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing allo-HSCT, which needs further investigation.…”
Get full text

Early Magnetic Resonance Detection of Natalizumab-Related Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in a Patient with Multiple Sclerosis by Guglielmo Manenti, Simone Altobelli, Marco Nezzo, Marco Antonicoli, Erald Vasili, Luca Neroni, Roberto Floris, Giovanni Simonetti

“…While other imaging techniques such as computed tomography lack sensitivity and specificity, magnetic resonance performed with morphological and functional sequences offers clinicians the possibility to early identify the stage of the disease and the emergence of an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after natalizumab blood removal plasmapheresis.…”
Get full text

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in a Multiple Sclerosis Patient Diagnosed after Switching from Natalizumab to Fingolimod by Tim Sinnecker, Jalal Othman, Marc Kühl, Imke Metz, Thoralf Niendorf, Annett Kunkel, Friedemann Paul, Jens Wuerfel, Juergen Faiss

“…The occurrence of an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) during fingolimod therapy, elevated measures of JCV antibody indices, and the relevance of milky-way-like lesions detectable by (7 T) MRI are discussed.…”
Get full text

Use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Pneumocystis Pneumonia of an Infant with AIDS by Grégoire Cane, Arnaud De Boislambert, Charlotte Sgro, Pierre Lavedan, Hélène Foulgoc, Nadir Tafer, Alexandre Ouattara

“…We prescribed combined antiretroviral, antibiotic, and steroid therapy aimed at preventing immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. VV-ECMO weaning progressed over 30 days to the time of decannulation, rapidly followed by extubation and hospital discharge. …”
Get full text