Large language models for causal hypothesis generation in science by Kai-Hendrik Cohrs, Emiliano Diaz, Vasileios Sitokonstantinou, Gherardo Varando, Gustau Camps-Valls

“…As an example, our hybrid (LLM + data) causal discovery algorithm illustrates ways for deeper integration. Characterizing imperfect experts along dimensions such as (1) reliability, (2) consistency, (3) uncertainty, and (4) content vs. reasoning are emphasized for developing adaptable methods. …”
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GenAI synthesis of histopathological images from Raman imaging for intraoperative tongue squamous cell carcinoma assessment by Bing Yan, Zhining Wen, Lili Xue, Tianyi Wang, Zhichao Liu, Wulin Long, Yi Li, Runyu Jing

“…The generated H&E-stained images clearly illustrate the tissue’s pathological conditions. Independently reviewed by three pathologists, the overall diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing between tumor tissue and normal muscle tissue reaches 86.7%. …”
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Order Batching in Warehouses by Minimizing Total Tardiness: A Hybrid Approach of Weighted Association Rule Mining and Genetic Algorithms by Amir Hossein Azadnia, Shahrooz Taheri, Pezhman Ghadimi, Muhamad Zameri Mat Saman, Kuan Yew Wong

“…Finally, the Genetic Algorithm has been applied for sequencing the constructed batches in order to minimize tardiness. Illustrative examples and comparisons are presented to demonstrate the proficiency and solution quality of the proposed approach.…”
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Design of Joint Spatial and Power Domain Multiplexing Scheme for Massive MIMO Systems by Zheng Jiang, Bin Han, Peng Chen, Fengyi Yang, Qi Bi

“…Finally, simulations are conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.…”
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Distributed Compressed Video Sensing in Camera Sensor Networks by Yu Liu, Xuqi Zhu, Lin Zhang, Sung Ho Cho

“…Simulation results evaluated on two video sequences illustrate that the SI-BP-based DCVS scheme is error resilient when the measurements are transmitted through the noisy wireless channels.…”
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FFUNet: A novel feature fusion makes strong decoder for medical image segmentation by Junsong Xie, Renju Zhu, Zezhi Wu, Jinling Ouyang

“…In addition, consistent improvements are also achieved across other four popular datasets and CNN‐based or transformer‐based segmentation networks, which illustrate that the proposed method has advantages in generalization and compactness.…”
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Modelling Socio-Environmental Sensitivities: How Public Responses to Low Carbon Energy Technologies Could Shape the UK Energy System by Brighid Moran Jay, David Howard, Nick Hughes, Jeanette Whitaker, Gabrial Anandarajah

“…Thus, this paper presents a series of three modelled scenarios which illustrate the way that a variety of socio-environmental sensitivities could impact the development of the energy system and the decarbonisation pathway. …”
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Dynamic Learning from Adaptive Neural Control of Uncertain Robots with Guaranteed Full-State Tracking Precision by Min Wang, Yanwen Zhang, Huiping Ye

“…A comparative simulation study on a 2-link robot illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.…”
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A co-design matrix-based approach to evaluate the climate risks for airports: A case study of Bologna airport by Carmela De Vivo, Marta Ellena, Giuliana Barbato, Alessandro Pugliese, Francesca Marinucci, Tomaso Barilli, Paola Mercogliano

“…This paper introduces an innovative matrix-based co-design approach to evaluate climate risks for airports, illustrated by a case study of Bologna Airport, located in Emilia-Romagna, Italy. …”
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Vitamin C-Induced Oxalate Nephropathy by Jorge Lamarche, Reji Nair, Alfredo Peguero, Craig Courville

“…This article further reviews other previously published cases in order to illustrate and highlight the potential renal harm this vitamin poses if consumed in excessive amounts.…”
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Diagnosis of the Relationship between Dust Storms over the Sahara Desert and Dust Deposit or Coloured Rain in the South Balkans by N. G. Prezerakos, A. G. Paliatsos, K. V. Koukouletsos

“…The upper air data, in the form of synoptic maps, illustrate in detail the synoptic-scale atmospheric circulations associated with the emission-transport-deposition and confirm the transportation of dust particles.…”
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Ornamental Exterior versus Therapeutic Interior of Madagascar Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus): The Two Faces of a Versatile Herb by Naghmeh Nejat, Alireza Valdiani, David Cahill, Yee-How Tan, Mahmood Maziah, Rambod Abiri

“…Botanical information with respect to synonyms, vernacular names, cultivars, floral morphology, and reproduction adds to understanding of the plant while the geography and ecology of periwinkle illustrate the organism’s ubiquity. Good agronomic practices ensure generous propagation of healthy plants that serve as a source of bioactive compounds and multitudinous horticultural applications. …”
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Transposon mediated functional genomic screening for BRAF inhibitor resistance reveals convergent Hippo and MAPK pathway activation events by Li Chen, Iulian Pruteanu-Malinici, Anahita Dastur, Xunqin Yin, Dennie Frederick, Ruslan I. Sadreyev, Cyril H. Benes

“…Although several forward genetic screens performed in the same context have identified a broad range of resistance genes that poorly overlap, an integrative analysis revealed a much smaller functional diversity of resistance mechanisms, including reactivation of the MAPK pathway, PI3K-AKT pathway, and Hippo pathway, suggesting that a relatively small number of therapeutic strategies might overcome resistance manifested by a large gene set. Moreover, we illustrated the pivotal role of the Hippo pathway effector TAZ (encoded by the WWTR1 gene) in mediating BRAF inhibition resistance through transcriptional regulation of receptor tyrosine kinases and through interactions with the E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4L.…”
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Transport equity impacts of green growth initiatives in Vietnam: An empirical evaluation using panel data by An Minh Ngoc, Yasuhiro Shiomi, Huynh Quang Nghi, Muhammad Faizan ul Haq, Alessandro Severino, Doanh Nguyen-Ngoc

“…The spatial distribution of transport equity changes is mapped to illustrate regional variations in response to GG initiatives. …”
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Knowledge Driven Machine Learning Towards Interpretable Intelligent Prognostics and Health Management: Review and Case Study by Ruqiang Yan, Zheng Zhou, Zuogang Shang, Zhiying Wang, Chenye Hu, Yasong Li, Yuangui Yang, Xuefeng Chen, Robert X. Gao

“…Furthermore, we present several case studies that illustrate specific implementations of KDML in the PHM domain, including inductive experience, physical model, and signal processing. …”
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Exploring geothermal energy as a sustainable source of energy: A systemic review by Charity M. Nkinyam, Chika Oliver Ujah, Christian O. Asadu, Daramy V.V. Kallon

“…An in-depth literature review explores the evolution of geothermal energy as a clean energy option, illustrating its significant impact and the challenges it faces. …”
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Optimal Scheme for Process Quality and Cost Control by Integrating a Continuous Sampling Plan and the Process Yield Index by Chunzhi Li, Shurong Tong, Keqin Wang

“…The probabilities of Type I and Type II errors are concurrently controlled at the stipulated level with the risk control scheme, which is constructed with two nonlinear inequation based on the accurate distribution of the index Spk. A case study is illustrated to validate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed scheme.…”
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Early Age Hydration Characteristics of Calcium Sulphoaluminate Cement Mortar Cured at a Temperature Range from −10 to 20°C by Zhongyu Chen, Jianhong Fang, Feng Ming, Yuhang Liu

“…The scanning electron microscopy results illustrate that fewer hydrates fill the pores in specimens cured at low temperatures, while more hydrates form at higher temperatures. …”
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Multicriteria Spatial Decision Analysis for the Development of the Italian Minor Airport System by Maria Rosaria Guarini, Anthea Chiovitti, Francesco Rocca

“…In keeping with the national and international airport system development scenarios, the paper illustrates the results of in-depth analyses aiming to construct an integrated GIS-based Multicriteria Decision Analysis evaluation methodology. …”
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Thermo-Mechanical and Wear Properties of Natural Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites for Structural Applications by Mayank Bharadvaj, Jitendra Yadav, Brijesh Gangil

“…The thermo-mechanical analysis (DMA) illustrates that adding marble dust powder results in a decrease in chain mobility, hence enhancing the storage modulus of all samples. …”
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