Pembrolizumab with external radiation therapy effectively controlled TMB-high unresectable recurrent parathyroid cancer: a case report with review of literature by Hiroshi Katoh, Tomoya Mitsuma, Riku Okamoto, Kanako Naito, Takaaki Tokito, Mariko Kikuchi, Takafumi Sangai

“…A 48-year-old male patient, with previous history of left single parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism, underwent surgeries for recurrent hyperparathyroidism at 47 and 48 years of age, and was pathologically diagnosed with PC. …”
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A Rare Case of Concomitant Maxilla and Mandible Brown Tumours, Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma, Parathyroid Adenoma, and Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica by Thaís Borguezan Nunes, Sheyla Batista Bologna, Andréa Lusvarghi Witzel, Marcello Menta Simonsen Nico, Silvia Vanessa Lourenço

“…The brown tumour of hyperparathyroidism is a result of a metabolic disorder caused by primary hyperparathyroidism. …”
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Case Report of Rare Parathyroid Tumor with Atypical Presentation and Early Diagnosis by Érika Mayumi Ikeda Cavamura, Fabiane Karen Miyake, Jéssica Yachio Wiezel, Laura Schwartz Maranho, Luis Felipe Inglês Takada, Renata Cassitas Mendonça, Tamila Sohn Fagundes

“…Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare condition, accounting for 1% of cases of hyperparathyroidism. Other causes of hyperparathyroidism main group are single adenoma and parathyroid hyperplasia. …”
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Validation Protocol of Vitamin D Supplementation in Patients with HIV-Infection by Elisabet Lerma-Chippirraz, Roberto Güerri-Fernández, Judit Villar García, Alicia González Mena, Ana Guelar Grinberg, María Milagro Montero, Luisa Sorli, Sonia Calzado, Juan Pablo Horcajada, Adolfo Díez-Pérez, Hernando Knobel Freud

“…Hypovitaminosis D and secondary hyperparathyroidism are frequent among HIV-infected patients. …”
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Four Ultrasound and Clinical Pictures of Parathyroid Carcinoma by Milan Halenka, David Karasek, Zdenek Frysak

“…Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. It may be suspected based on severe clinical signs, significant laboratory findings, and the tumor size. …”
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Prevalence of Hypercalcaemia in a Renal Transplant Population: A Single Centre Study by Tony Amin, P. Toby Coates, Jeffrey Barbara, Paul Hakendorf, Nazmul Karim

“…The predominant cause for hypercalcaemia is pretransplantation hyperparathyroidism. The magnitude of pretransplantation hyperparathyroidism is the major determinant for long-term parathyroid function rather than graft function or pretransplantation duration on dialysis or mode of dialysis.…”
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Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 in a patient diagnosed with nesidioblastosis. A case presentation by Olivia Elizabeth Altamirano Guerrero, María Gabriela Balarezo García, Juan Sebastián Lima Icaza

“…Laboratory studies showed primary hyperparathyroidism, and imaging identified lesions suggestive of parathyroid adenoma and insulinoma of the head of the pancreas. …”
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Serum 25(OH)D Level and Parathyroid Hormone in Chinese Adult Population: A Cross-Sectional Study in Guiyang Urban Community from Southeast of China by Zhang Qiao, Shi Li-xing, Peng Nian-chun, Xu Shu-jing, Zhang Miao, Li Hong, Zhuang Hui-jun, Gong Ming-xian, Zhang Song, Wang Rui, Hu Ying, Zhang Jing-lu, Chen Shuang

“…Vitamin D insufficiency and its complication of secondary hyperparathyroidism are common.…”
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Bisphophonates in CKD Patients with Low Bone Mineral Density by Wen-Chih Liu, Jen-Fen Yen, Cheng-Lin Lang, Ming-Tso Yan, Kuo-Cheng Lu

“…Treatment also may induce hypocalcemia in CKD patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism, but vitamin D supplementation may ameliorate this effect. …”
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A Case of Von Hippel–Lindau Disease with Bilateral Pheochromocytoma and Ectopic Hypersecretion of Intact Parathyroid Hormone in an Adolescent Girl by Rym Belaid, Ibtissem Oueslati, Melika Chihaoui, Meriem Yazidi, Wafa Grira, Fatma Chaker

“…Although bilateral pheochromocytoma was reported in patients with von Hippel–Lindau disease, the coexistence of primary hyperparathyroidism is not a common condition. We report an observation of a primary hyperparathyroidism secondary to an ectopic secretion of intact parathyroid hormone in a 17-year-old girl with von Hippel–Lindau disease and bilateral pheochromocytoma. …”
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Asymptomatic Severe Hypocalcemia Secondary to Vitamin D Deficiency in an Elderly Patient by Saleh Aldasouqi, Crystal M. Glassy, Matthew S. Glassy, Anxhela Treska, Molly Caldwell-McMillan, Ved Gossain

“…We describe the presentation and clinical course of an elderly woman with asymptomatic severe hypocalcemia referred to an endocrinology clinic for hyperparathyroidism. Results. The patient is an 83-year-old Caucasian woman who presented to an endocrinology clinic for evaluation of hyperparathyroidism, with an intact PTH of 462 pg/mL (normal range 14–72 pg/mL). …”
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Protracted Hypocalcemia following 3.5 Parathyroidectomy in a Kidney Pancreas Recipient with a History of Robotic-Assisted Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass by Hugo Bonatti, Naureen Iqbal, Catherine Kling, Willie Melvin, James Broome

“…Hypocalcemia is a frequent complication of parathyroidectomy for secondary/tertiary hyperparathyroidism. In patients with a history of prior Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP), changes in nutritional absorption make management of hypocalcemia after parathyroidectomy difficult. …”
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Is There Association between Vitamin D Concentrations and Body Mass Index Variation in Women Submitted to Y-Roux Surgery? by Maria Tereza A. dos Santos, Fabiola Isabel Suano-Souza, Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca, Marise Lazaretti-Castro, Roseli Oselka Saccardo Sarni

“…Results. 25(OH)D deficiency was found in 27 (55.1%) and 8 (21.1%) in the RYGB and control groups (p=0.002). Secondary hyperparathyroidism was more frequent in the RYGB group compared to the control group (15 (30.6%) versus 1 (2.6%); p=0.001). …”
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Non-parathyroid hypercalcemia in a patient with new-onset hyperthyroidism and silicone-induced granulomas: case report by Laura Montefusco, Giada Rossi, Iulia Petria, Ida Pastore, Ida Pastore, Paolo Fiorina, Paolo Fiorina, Paolo Fiorina, Paolo Fiorina

“…Suppressed parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels excluded PTH-mediated hypercalcemia (e.g., primary hyperparathyroidism) and among causes of non-PTH-mediated hypercalcemia, malignancies were excluded. …”
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A Rare Case of Extensive Eggshell Intestinal Wall Peritoneal Calcification in a Long-Term Continuous Peritoneal Dialysis Patient by Erasmia Sampani, Chrysostomos Dimitriadis, Efstratios Kasimatis, Evangelos Memmos, Aikaterini Papagianni

“…The etiology of EPS is multifactorial, with long-term peritoneal dialysis, multiple peritonitis episodes, and uncontrolled hyperparathyroidism considered to be major risk factors for this often life-threatening condition. …”
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Hypercalcemia, Acute Kidney Injury, and Metabolic Alkalosis by Faten Aqeel, Jennifer Del Castillo, Bernard G. Jaar, Mohamad Hanouneh

“…Multiple causes of hypercalcemia have been studied including primary hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcemia of malignancy, and chronic granulomatous disorders. …”
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Bone and Mineral Metabolism in Patients with Primary Aldosteronism by Luigi Petramala, Laura Zinnamosca, Amina Settevendemmie, Cristiano Marinelli, Matteo Nardi, Antonio Concistrè, Francesco Corpaci, Gianfranco Tonnarini, Giorgio De Toma, Claudio Letizia

“…Recently, in a cohort of PA patients a significant increase of primary hyperparathyroidism was found, suggesting a bidirectional functional link between the adrenal and parathyroid glands. …”
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An Adolescent Female with Bipolar Disorder Presenting with Lithium-Induced Hyperthyroidism by Pratibha Rana, Patria Alba Aponte, Ghufran Babar

“…Lithium therapy has been associated with several endocrine disorders including thyroid dysfunction, diabetes insipidus, and hyperparathyroidism. While its suppressive effect on thyroid function is well known, it is very rare to observe lithium-induced hyperthyroidism especially in the pediatric population. …”
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Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy by Lee F. Starker, Annabelle L. Fonseca, Tobias Carling, Robert Udelsman

“…Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) is an operative approach for the treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT). Currently, routine use of improved preoperative localization studies, cervical block anesthesia in the conscious patient, and intraoperative parathyroid hormone analyses aid in guiding surgical therapy. …”
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Relationship between Prolactin, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Cardiovascular Risk by Marclébio Dourado, Frederico Cavalcanti, Lucio Vilar, Amaury Cantilino

“…Nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as anemia, hyperparathyroidism, chronic inflammation, and microalbuminuria, are also well studied. …”
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