Knockdown of PDPN in astrocytes reduces hippocampal inflammation in T2DM mice by Xiaohang Wang, Xiaohang Wang, Xiaohang Wang, Qianqian Wang, Zhensheng Cai, Chengming Ni, Huan Wang, Hui Liu, Yusong Zhao, Jinbang Wang, Subo Liu, Xueying Wang

“…We showed that the fluorescence intensities of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 in hippocampus were decreased after the Pdpn knocking down in astrocytes of T2DM mice.ConclusionIn summary, this study demonstrates that Pdpn exerts a novel player in T2DM-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive decline. …”
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Targeting early tau pathology: probiotic diet enhances cognitive function and reduces inflammation in a preclinical Alzheimer’s model by Cassandra M. Flynn, Tamunotonye Omoluabi, Alyssa M. Janes, Emma J. Rodgers, Sarah E. Torraville, Brenda L. Negandhi, Timothy E. Nobel, Shyamchand Mayengbam, Qi Yuan

“…Phosphorylation of tau at S262 (t 3 = -4.834) and S356 (t 3 = -3.258) in the locus coeruleus was parallelled by GSK-3β activation in the hippocampus (F 1,24 = 10.530, p = 0.003). Probiotic supplementation increased gut microbiome diversity (F 1,31 = 8.065, p = 0.007) and improved bacterial composition (F 1,31 = 3.4867, p = 0.001). …”
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Distinct changes to hippocampal and medial entorhinal circuits emerge across the progression of cognitive deficits in epilepsy by Yu Feng, Keziah S. Diego, Zhe Dong, Zoé Christenson Wick, Lucia Page-Harley, Veronica Page-Harley, Julia Schnipper, Sophia I. Lamsifer, Zachary T. Pennington, Lauren M. Vetere, Paul A. Philipsberg, Ivan Soler, Albert Jurkowski, Christin J. Rosado, Nadia N. Khan, Denise J. Cai, Tristan Shuman

“…To investigate how hippocampal-entorhinal dysfunction contributes to progressive memory deficits in epilepsy, we performed simultaneous in vivo electrophysiology in the hippocampus (HPC) and medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) of control and epileptic mice 3 or 8 weeks after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (Pilo-SE). …”
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Protective Mechanism of Electroacupuncture Combined with Enriched Rehabilitative Training on Hippocampal Neurons in Rats with Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Li GONG, Wei TANG, Zhen QIU, Mengxing LI

“…Western blot was used to detect the expression of protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X-protein (Bax), protein kinase B(Akt), and phosphory lated protein kinase B(p-Akt).Results:Compared withthenormalgroupandshamgroup, learning and memory ability of rats in the model group were decreased (<italic>P</italic>&lt; 0.01), and cerebral infarction volume, apoptosis index, protein expression of PERK, CHOP, Bcl-2 and Bax in hippocampus of rats in the model group were significantly increased (<italic>P</italic>&lt; 0.01). …”
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Edaravone dexborneol alleviates pericyte-mediated fibrosis depositing extracellular matrix through TGF-β1/IL-11 in cerebral small vessel disease by Qingrui Duan, Zhiyang Liu, Yuxuan Xing, Haifeng Huang, Lin Zhu, Jiaxuan Liu, Peikun He, Guixian Ma, Yuhu Zhang, Kun Nie, Yuyuan Gao, Lijuan Wang

“…Neuronal damage in cortical layer and hippocampus and WML in corpus callosum were improved by EDB, which was consistent with the tends of fibrous pericytes and ECM proteins in these regions. …”
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Assessing the neuroprotective potential of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil in a 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson's disease by Aracely Janneth Naranjo-Viteri, Matías Jávega Cometto, Matías Caverzan, Leandro Gabriel Champarini, María Paula Zunino, Rogelio E. Abburra, Claudia B. Hereñú, Rosana Crespo

“…We evaluated tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT) expression in the brain caudate-putamen unit; inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-6) expression in the hippocampus; liver, kidney, and gut histology; serum parameters; and hepatic lipid content. …”
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Epilepsy and brain health: a large prospective cohort study by Dan-Dan Zhang, Zi-Yi Wang, Ya-Ru Zhang, Pei-Yang Gao, Wei Zhang, Yan Fu, Hao-Chen Chi, Li-Yun Ma, Yi-Jun Ge, Xiao-Yu He, Jia You, Wei Cheng, Jian-Feng Feng, Lan Tan, Jin-Tai Yu

“…We also identified several brain regions associated with epilepsy, including the pallidum, hippocampus, and precentral regions. Mediation analyses revealed mediating effects of peripheral markers and proteins (e.g., GGT, HDL, ACE2, and GDF15), suggesting that liver function and lipid metabolism may be involved in the development of other brain disorders in individuals with epilepsy. …”
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Neuron-Specific Glycine Metabolism Links Transfer RNA Epitranscriptomic Regulation to Complex Behaviors by Jennifer Blaze, Viviana Dolores Evans, Jessica Abigail Feria Pliego, Petr Unichenko, Behnam Javidfar, Soeren Heissel, Hanan Alwaseem, Zachary Pennington, Denise Cai, Henrik Molina, Christian Henneberger, Schahram Akbarian

“…Changes in extracellular glycine levels were monitored by an optical glycine Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensor in the hippocampus, and behavioral phenotyping included cognition, anxiety-like behavior, and behavioral despair. …”
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Endothelial and neuronal engagement by AAV-BR1 gene therapy alleviates neurological symptoms and lipid deposition in a mouse model of Niemann-Pick type C2 by Charlotte Laurfelt Munch Rasmussen, Signe Frost Frederiksen, Christian Würtz Heegaard, Maj Schneider Thomsen, Eva Hede, Bartosz Laczek, Jakob Körbelin, Daniel Wüstner, Louiza Bohn Thomsen, Markus Schwaninger, Ole N. Jensen, Torben Moos, Annette Burkhart

“…Mass spectrometry imaging revealed distinct lipid alterations in the brains of Npc2−/− mice, with increased GM2 and GM3 ganglioside accumulation in the cerebellum and hippocampus. AAV-BR1-NPC2 treatment partially normalized these ganglioside distributions in high responders, including restoration of lipid profiles towards those of Npc2+/+ controls. …”
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Mimosapudica L. aqueous extract protects mice against pilocarpine–picrotoxin kindling-induced temporal lobe epilepsy, oxidative stress, and alteration in GABAergic/cholinergic path... by Hart Mann Alain Youbi Mambou, Simon Pale, Orelien Sylvain Mtopi Bopda, Vanessa Tita Jugha, Nji Seraphin Ombel Musa, Tambong Ako Ojongnkpot, Bertrand Yuwong Wanyu, Raymond Bess Bila, Rashed N. Herqash, Abdelaaty A. Shahat, Germain Sotoing Taiwe

“…Finally, the mice were sacrificed, and the hippocampi were isolated to quantify some biochemical markers of oxidative/nitrosative stress, GABAergic/cholinergic signalling, and BDNF levels in the hippocampus. Mimosa pudica extracts (160 mg/kg) significantly increased the latency time to status epilepticus by 70.91%. …”
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Intranasal Delivery of miR-146a Mimics Delayed Seizure Onset in the Lithium-Pilocarpine Mouse Model by Hua Tao, Jianghao Zhao, Tingting Liu, Yujie Cai, Xu Zhou, Huaijie Xing, Yan Wang, Mingkang Yin, Wangtao Zhong, Zhou Liu, Keshen Li, Bin Zhao, Haihong Zhou, Lili Cui

“…Animals were sacrificed to analyze the hippocampus at three time points (2 h and 4 and 8 weeks after pilocarpine administration to evaluate the acute, latent, and chronic phases, resp.). …”
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Investigating the neuroprotective effects of Dracocephalum moldavica extract and its effect on metabolomic profile of rat model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease by Marjan Talebi, Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi, Mohammad Ali As’Habi, Farzad Kobarfard, Mona Khoramjouy, Farzaneh Niki Boroujeni, Mehrdad Faizi, Alireza Ghassempour

“…The histopathological evaluations were conducted in the cortex and hippocampus regions. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was used to assess metabolite changes in various brain regions. …”
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Salvianolic Acid D Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Suppressing the Cytoplasmic Translocation and Release of HMGB1-Triggered NF-κB Activation to Inhibit Inflammat... by Wen Zhang, Junke Song, Wan Li, Dewen Kong, Yu Liang, Xiaoyue Zhao, Guanhua Du

“…What’s more, SalD inhibited HMGB1 cytoplasmic translocation in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia in both the cortex and hippocampus regions of I/R rats. In conclusion, SalD can alleviate I/R-induced cerebral injury in rats and increase the PC12 cell viability affected by OGD/R. …”
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Relationship between regional relative theta power and amyloid deposition in mild cognitive impairment: an exploratory study by Jaesub Park, Jaesub Park, Woo Jung Kim, Woo Jung Kim, Han Wool Jung, Han Wool Jung, Jae-Jin Kim, Jae-Jin Kim, Jin Young Park, Jin Young Park, Jin Young Park

“…Correlations between relative theta power and standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) in 12 brain regions were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient.ResultsSignificant positive correlations between relative theta power and SUVR values were found in several brain regions in the individualized brain model during the resting eyes-closed condition, including right temporal lobe (r = 0.581, p = 0.006), left hippocampus (r = 0.438, p = 0.047), left parietal lobe (r = 0.471, p = 0.031), right parietal lobe (r = 0.509, p = 0.018), left occipital lobe (r = 0.597, p = 0.004), and right occipital lobe (r = 0.590, p = 0.005). …”
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High-resolution awake mouse fMRI at 14 tesla by David Hike, Xiaochen Liu, Zeping Xie, Bei Zhang, Sangcheon Choi, Xiaoqing Alice Zhou, Andy Liu, Alyssa Murstein, Yuanyuan Jiang, Anna Devor, Xin Yu

“…In particular, the rapid hemodynamic responses in VRA upon vibrissa stimulation showed a strong correlation with the hippocampus, thalamus, and prefrontal cortical areas. …”
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A novel α-conotoxin [D1G, ΔQ14] LvIC decreased mouse locomotor activity by Wen Wang, Wen Wang, Meiting Wang, Huanbai Wang, Weifeng Xu, Conggang Wang, Jie Pei, Xiaodan Li, Dongting Zhangsun, Dongting Zhangsun

“…This treatment also resulted in reduced expression of neuronal calcium sensor 1 (NCS-1) and neuroligin 3 (NLGN-3) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (Hip), and caudate putamen (CPu). Both NCS-1 and NLGN-3 are crucial for neuronal development, synapse formation, and neuron activity, and their reduction is associated with decreased synapse strength. …”
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Shaoyao Gancao decoction alleviates paclitaxel-induced cognitive impairment by activating PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway to inhibit NETs formation by Xu Ying, Su Yue, Hu Yuwen, Li Xiang, Zhou Ziyan, Yuan Ningning, Ji Xiaowei, Jiang Ruoyu, Wang Wenzhu, Zhang Yafeng, Zhai Guojie, Cheng Xiaolan

“…Furthermore, SGD remarkably reduced IL-1β, TNF-α and microglia activation, while enhanced SOD activity in hippocampus. In addition, SGD could inhibit NETs formation, evidenced by decreasing the level of plasma MPO-DNA complex, as well as MPO and PAD4 expression. …”
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Exploring Azithromycin’s Neuroprotective Role in Traumatic Brain Injury: Insights into Cognitive and Motor Recovery and Neuroinflammatory Modulation by Mohannad A. Almikhlafi, Nehad A. Abdallah, Aakash Kumar, Tarun Sharma, Zuber Khan, Haifa A. Fadil, Sultan Althagfan, Ahmed K. B. Aljohani, Sara A. Almadani, Samar F. Miski, Tahani Saeedi, Rayan S. Alharbi, Abdulrahman M. Al-Harthe, Mohammed H. Alsubhi, Hanaa Wanas, Ahmed Aldhafiri, Sidharth Mehan, Hossein M. Elbadawy

“…Histological evaluations focused on neuronal integrity in the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. Results: Treatment with AZI significantly facilitated motor and cognitive function recovery in TBI-affected rats. …”
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Sleep Promotion by 3-Hydroxy-4-Iminobutyric Acid in Walnut Diaphragma juglandis Fructus by Jian Ji, Yongli Ye, Lina Sheng, Jiadi Sun, Qianqian Hong, Chang Liu, Jun Ding, Shuxiang Geng, Deping Xu, Yinzhi Zhang, Xiulan Sun

“…Subsequently, a metabolomics approach of the serum, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, and hippocampus as well as the gut microbiota was undertaken to unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms of sleep promotion. …”
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Subgroups of cognitive impairments in schizophrenia characterized by executive function and their morphological features: a latent profile analysis study by Yuyan Huang, Weiyan Wang, Gangrui Hei, Tiannan Shao, Li Li, Ye Yang, Xiaoyi Wang, Yujun Long, Jingmei Xiao, Xingjie Peng, Chuhan Song, Jingda Cai, Xueqin Song, Xijia Xu, Shuzhan Gao, Jing Huang, Dongyu Kang, Ying Wang, Jingping Zhao, Yunzhi Pan, Renrong Wu

“…Across subgroups, significant gradient features of brain structure were exhibited in fronto-temporal regions, hippocampus, and insula. Compared to healthy controls, multidomain-intact subgroup showed the most intact cognition and morphology, and multidomain-deteriorated subgroup with youngest age showed morphological decline in extensive regions. …”
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