A red pomegranate fruit extract-based formula ameliorates anxiety/depression-like behaviors via enhancing serotonin (5-HT) synthesis in C57BL/6 male mice by Xiping Zhu, Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse, Chun Cui

“…The serotonin (5-HT) levels in hippocampus were increasingly enhanced, which might be mediated by reducing the activity of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and increasing the activity of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH). …”
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Psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents with temporal lobe epilepsy: A narrative review by Pietro Cappelletto, Claudia Accolla, Martina Preti, Tiziana Pisano, Carmen Barba, Renzo Guerrini

“…Psychiatric disorders associated with temporal lobe epilepsy are relatively frequent, probably in relation to the critical role that some limbic structures in the temporal lobe, such as the amygdala and hippocampus, play in regulating emotions and behavior.…”
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Molecular Hydrogen Modulates T Cell Differentiation and Enhances Neuro-Regeneration in a Vascular Dementia Mouse Model by Dain Lee, Hyunjun Jo, Jong-Il Choi

“…Histological examinations showed pyknotic neuronal morphologies and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the VaD hippocampus, whereas H₂ administration mitigated these alterations. …”
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Effects of central administration of the human Tau proteinon the <i>Bdnf, Trkb, p75, Mapt, Bax</i> and <i>Bcl-2</i> genes expression in the mouse brain by A. S. Oreshko, A. Ya. Rodnyy, D. V. Bazovkina, V. S. Naumenko

“…Central administration of the Tau protein did not affect the expression of the Ntrk2, Ngfr, Mapt, Bax and Bcl-2 genes in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. Concurrently, a significant decrease in the expression of the Mapt gene encoding endogenous mouse Tau protein was found in the cerebellum. …”
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BMP4/LIF or RA/Forskolin Suppresses the Proliferation of Neural Stem Cells Derived from Adult Monkey Brain by Xinxin Han, Liming Yu, Qingqing Chen, Min Wang, Jie Ren, Guangming Wang, Yihong Chen, Lixia Lu, Haibin Tian, Li Chen, Ying Zhang, Yuehua Liu, Hua He, Zhengliang Gao

“…Neural progenitor cells can originate from the hippocampus of adult monkeys. Despite a few reports, the detailed properties of monkey neural stem cells (NSCs) and their responses to cytokine are still unclear. …”
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Muscarinic cannabinoid suppression of excitation, a novel form of coincidence detection by Michaela Dvorakova, Ken Mackie, Alex Straiker

“…Given the known roles of muscarinic and cannabinoid receptors in the hippocampus, MCSE may be important in the modulation of hippocampal signaling at the site of septal inputs, with potential implications for learning and memory, epilepsy and addiction.…”
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Hydrolase-Treated Royal Jelly Attenuates H2O2- and Glutamate-Induced SH-SY5Y Cell Damage and Promotes Cognitive Enhancement in a Rat Model of Vascular Dementia by Nualpun Sirinupong, Worrapanitch Chansuwan, Pratchaya Kaewkaen

“…Rats’ spatial memory was evaluated using Morris water maze and radial arm maze every 7 days after Rt.MCAO throughout a 14-day experimental period, and then, they were sacrificed and the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the hippocampus was determined. The results showed that RJH has no cytotoxic effect with the final concentration up to 500 μg protein/ml and reduces cell death from the H2O2- and glutamate-induced cell damage in in vitro neuroblastoma cells. …”
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Histopathological and Biochemical Assessment of Neuroprotective Effects of Sodium Valproate and Lutein on the Pilocarpine Albino Rat Model of Epilepsy by Aziza Rashed Al-Rafiah, Khlood Mohammed Mehdar

“…After eight weeks, the hippocampus rotarod performance and histological investigations were performed. …”
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Seizure-Induced Regulations of Amyloid-β, STEP61, and STEP61 Substrates Involved in Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity by Sung-Soo Jang, Sara E. Royston, Gunhee Lee, Shuwei Wang, Hee Jung Chung

“…Here we show that a single episode of electroconvulsive seizures (ECS) increased protein expression of membrane-associated STriatal-Enriched protein tyrosine Phosphatase (STEP61) and decreased tyrosine-phosphorylation of its substrates N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunit GluN2B and extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in the rat hippocampus at 2 days following a single ECS. Interestingly, a significant decrease in ERK1/2 expression and an increase in APP and Aβ levels were observed at 3-4 days following a single ECS when STEP61 level returned to the baseline. …”
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Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Regulates Production of Amyloid-β Peptides and Tau Phosphorylation in Diabetic Rat Brain by Zhong-Sen Qu, Liang Li, Xiao-Jiang Sun, Yu-Wu Zhao, Jin Zhang, Zhi Geng, Jian-Liang Fu, Qing-Guo Ren

“…And Aβ40 and Aβ42 were found overproduced and the microtubule-associated protein tau was hyperphosphorylated in the hippocampus. Furthermore, selective inhibition of GSK-3 by lithium could attenuate the conditions of Aβ overproduction and tau hyperphosphorylation. …”
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Advances in Deep Brain Imaging with Quantum Dots: Structural, Functional, and Disease-Specific Roles by Tenesha Connor, Hemal Weerasinghe, Justin Lathia, Clemens Burda, Murat Yildirim

“…These properties enhance signal to background ratio at increased depths and reduce scattering effects, making QDs ideal for imaging subcortical regions like the hippocampus without extensive microscope modifications. …”
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Neuroprotective effects of curculigoside against Alzheimer’s disease via regulation oxidative stress mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in L-Glu-exposed HT22 cells and APP/PS1 mice... by Wenqi Wang, Yidi Qu, Siyu Li, Jinyu Chu, Hongxin Yang, Lirong Teng, Di Wang

“…Based on the screening of proteomic analysis on hippocampus, CCG were confirmed that it could regulate the expression levels of proteins related to mitochondrial dysfunction, mainly through activating on AMPK/Nrf2 signaling, in APP/PS1 mice and L-Glu-exposed HT22 cells. …”
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The MMP-1/PAR-1 Axis Enhances Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation of Adult Hippocampal Neural Progenitor Cells by Maria Maddalena Valente, Megan Allen, Valeria Bortolotto, Seung T. Lim, Katherine Conant, Mariagrazia Grilli

“…MMP substrates include protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1), a G-protein coupled receptor expressed in hippocampus. We examined proliferation and differentiation of adult neural progenitor cells (aNPCs) from hippocampi of mice that overexpress the potent PAR-1 agonist MMP-1. …”
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Dose Effect Evaluation and Therapeutic Window of the Neuro-EPO Nasal Application for the Treatment of the Focal Ischemia Model in the Mongolian Gerbil by Iliana Sosa Teste, Yuneidys Mengana Tamos, Yamila Rodríguez Cruz, Adriana Muñoz Cernada, Janette Cruz Rodríguez, Nelvis Subirós Martínez, Rosa Maria Coro Antich, Alina González-Quevedo, Julio Cesar García Rodríguez

“…The Neuro-EPO in a rate of 249.4 UI every 8 hours for 4 days showed 25% higher viability efficacy (𝑃>0.01), improving neurological score and behavior of the spontaneous exploratory activity, the preservation of CA3 areas of the hippocampus, the cortex, and thalamic nuclei in the focal ischemia model of the Mongolian gerbil. …”
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Electrophysiologically calibrated optogenetic stimulation of dentate granule cells mitigates dendritic spine loss in denervated organotypic entorhino-hippocampal slice cultures by Tijana Hanauske, Carolin Christina Koretz, Tassilo Jungenitz, Jochen Roeper, Alexander Drakew, Thomas Deller

“…Abstract Organotypic slice cultures (OTCs) are versatile tools for studying long-term structure-function relationships of neurons within a defined network (e.g. hippocampus). We developed a method for repeated experimenter-controlled activation of hippocampal granule cells (GCs) in OTCs within the incubator. …”
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Petroselinum crispum extract ameliorates scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction: role on apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress by Göksel Şener, Gözde Karakadıoglu, Dilek Ozbeyli, Seren Ede, Refiye Yanardag, Ozlem Sacan, Asli Aykac

“…Scopolamine reduced M1 receptor expression, Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and glutathione levels in the hippocampus and frontal cortex, while malondialdehyde levels, caspase-3/9 expressions, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were found to be increased. …”
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Immunohistochemistry for (Pro)renin Receptor in Humans by Satoshi Morimoto, Noriko Morishima, Daisuke Watanabe, Yoichiro Kato, Noriyuki Shibata, Atsuhiro Ichihara

“…In the brain, (pro)renin receptor staining was detected in neurons throughout all areas, especially in the medulla oblongata, paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus, cerebrum, granular layer of the hippocampus, Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum, and the pituitary anterior and posterior lobes. …”
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Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons of Mecp2 Mutant Mice Show a Dendritic Spine Phenotype Only in the Presymptomatic Stage by Christopher A. Chapleau, Elena Maria Boggio, Gaston Calfa, Alan K. Percy, Maurizio Giustetto, Lucas Pozzo-Miller

“…To better understand the role of MeCP2 on excitatory spine synapses, we analyzed dendritic spines of CA1 pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus of Mecp2tm1.1Jae male mutant mice by either confocal microscopy or electron microscopy (EM). …”
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Brain-wide activation involved in 15 mA transcranial alternating current stimulation in patients with first-episode major depressive disorder by Jie Wang, Qing Xue, Wenfeng Zhao, Huang Wang, Haixia Leng, Mao Peng, Xiukun Jin, Liucen Tan, Keming Gao, Hongxing Wang, Baoquan Min

“…Background Although 15 mA transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) has a therapeutic effect on depression, the activations of brain structures in humans accounting for this tACS configuration remain largely unknown.Aims To investigate which intracranial brain structures are engaged in the tACS at 77.5 Hz and 15 mA, delivered via the forehead and the mastoid electrodes in the human brain.Methods Actual human head models were built using the magnetic resonance imagings of eight outpatient volunteers with drug-naïve, first-episode major depressive disorder and then used to perform the electric field distributions with SimNIBS software.Results The electric field distributions of the sagittal, coronal and axial planes showed that the bilateral frontal lobes, bilateral temporal lobes, hippocampus, cingulate, hypothalamus, thalamus, amygdala, cerebellum and brainstem were visibly stimulated by the 15 mA tACS procedure.Conclusions Brain-wide activation, including the cortex, subcortical structures, cerebellum and brainstem, is involved in the 15 mA tACS intervention for first-episode major depressive disorder. …”
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The brain structure underlying the nonlinear association between early-life tobacco smoke exposure and the risk for cognitive decline and dementia in adulthood: a large prospective... by Changfu Lin, Fabin Lin, Kaitai Yang, Yuxuan Zhong, Yan Luo, Hanchen Chen, Wenjing Zhang, Xuanjie Chen, Qinyong Ye, Yuqi Zeng, Guoen Cai

“…Early smoking was linked to various brain structure changes, including volumes of the hippocampus, lateral ventricles, white and gray matter. …”
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