The composition of peripheral immunocompetent cell subpopulations and cytokine content in the brain structures of mutant Disc1-Q31L mice by M. M. Gevorgyan, S. Ya. Zhanaeva, E. L. Alperina, T. V. Lipina, G. V. Idova

“…The content of pro-inflammatory cytokines was increased in the frontal cortex (IL-6, IL- 17 and IFNγ) and striatum (IFNγ), and decreased in the hippocampus and hypothalamus. At the same time, the levels of IL-1β were decreased in all structures being examined. …”
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Long-Term Environmental Enrichment Relieves Dysfunctional Cognition and Synaptic Protein Levels Induced by Prenatal Inflammation in Older CD-1 Mice by Zhe-Zhe Zhang, Li-Ping Zeng, Jing Chen, Yong-Fang Wu, Ya-Tao Wang, Lan Xia, Qi-Gang Yang, Fang Wang, Gui-Hai Chen

“…A mounting body of evidence suggests that prenatal inflammation may enhance the rate of age-associated cognitive decline and may involve aberrant amounts of synaptic proteins in the hippocampus, including synaptotagmin-1 (Syt1) and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc). …”
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Quercetin can improve anesthesia induced neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction by regulating miR-138-5p/ LCN2 by Linjie Lou, Wanning Yu, Ying Cheng, Quan Lin, Yanyan Jiang, Dalong Wang, Lei Che, Meiqing Du, Shuai Wang, Haining Zhen

“…The study found that knockdown miR-138-5p can reverse the positive effects of Que therapy, aggravate cognitive dysfunction, and promote the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the hippocampus. In addition, LCN2, a target gene of miR-138-5p, was significantly up-regulated in the hippocampus after ISO induction. …”
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Effect of Prolonged Moderate Exercise on the Changes of Nonneuronal Cells in Early Myocardial Infarction by Barbara Rinaldi, Francesca Guida, Anna Furiano, Maria Donniacuo, Livio Luongo, Giulia Gritti, Konrad Urbanek, Giovanni Messina, Sabatino Maione, Francesco Rossi, Vito de Novellis

“…In this study we analyzed in sedentary and trained rats the microglia and astrocytes 48 hours after MI in PVN, thalamus, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus through immunofluorescence approach. We found significant changes in specific microglia phenotypes in the brain areas analyzed together with astrocytes activation. …”
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Effects of Antipsychotic Drugs on the Epigenetic Modification of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Gene Expression in the Hippocampi of Chronic Restraint Stress Rats by Mi Kyoung Seo, Young Hoon Kim, Roger S. McIntyre, Rodrigo B. Mansur, Yena Lee, Nicole E. Carmona, Ah Jeong Choi, Gyung-Mee Kim, Jung Goo Lee, Sung Woo Park

“…Therefore, we investigated the effects of antipsychotic drugs on the epigenetic modification of the BDNF gene in the rat hippocampus. Rats were subjected to chronic restraint stress (6 h/d for 21 d) and then were administered with either olanzapine (2 mg/kg) or haloperidol (1 mg/kg). …”
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Anger Emotional Stress Influences VEGF/VEGFR2 and Its Induced PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway by Peng Sun, Sheng Wei, Xia Wei, Jieqiong Wang, Yuanyuan Zhang, Mingqi Qiao, Jibiao Wu

“…We created a rat model of induced anger (anger-out and anger-in) emotional response using social isolation and resident-intruder paradigms and assessed changes in hippocampus’ VEGF content, neuroplasticity, and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. …”
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Diet Control and Swimming Exercise Ameliorate HFD-Induced Cognitive Impairment Related to the SIRT1-NF-κB/PGC-1α Pathways in ApoE-/- Mice by Wei Wei, Zhicheng Lin, PeiTao Xu, Xinru Lv, Libin Lin, Yongxu Li, Yangjie Zhou, Taotao Lu, Xiehua Xue

“…The expression of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the hippocampus was measured by western blotting. The levels of fractional anisotropy (FA), N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr) ratio, choline (Cho)/Cr ratio, and myo-inositol (MI)/Cr ratio in the hippocampus were evaluated by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) using 7.0-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). …”
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Associations of plasma biomarkers with cerebral perfusion and structure in Alzheimer’s disease by Yong He, Xiaojiao Liu, Fang Liu, Ping Che, Yanxin Zhang, Ruxue Fan, Yuan Li, Wen Qin, Nan Zhang

“…Plasma P-tau181 and GFAP levels were correlated with GM volume in the posterior cingulate gyrus and the bilateral hippocampus and right middle temporal gyrus, respectively. …”
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Effects of neonatal handling on behavior and stress-response in rats selected for reaction towards humans by Yu. E. Herbeck, O. A. Amelkina, M. Yu. Konoshenko, S. G. Shikhevich, R. G. Gulevich, R. V. Kozhemyakina, I. Z. Plyusnina, I. N. Oskina

“…This is likely to be related to the changing amount of GR in the hippocampus and stronger glucocorticoidmediated feedback at the current stage of selection. …”
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Extracellular Vesicles Released from Neprilysin Gene-Modified Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Enhance Therapeutic Effects in an Alzheimer’s Disease Animal Model... by HyeJu Jeong, Ok Joon Kim, Seung-Hun Oh, Sanghoon Lee, Han A. Reum Lee, Kee Ook Lee, Boo-Yong Lee, Nam Keun Kim

“…Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were equally observed in the hippocampus in the naïve and NEP-enhanced hUC-MSC groups. …”
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Hippocampal Neurogenesis, Depressive Disorders, and Antidepressant Therapy by Eleni Paizanis, Michel Hamon, Laurence Lanfumey

“…Neurogenesis concerns mainly two areas in the brain: the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus and the subventricular zone, where it is controlled by several trophic factors and neuroactive molecules. …”
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Identification and verification of autophagy-related gene signatures and their association with immune infiltration and drug responsiveness in epilepsy by Han-han He, Xiao-ge Zhang, Fen-fang Chen

“…Finally, the expression level of hub ARDEGs were further validated in hippocampus of GSE256068 to enhance the reliability of the results.ResultsTwenty ARDEGs in epilepsy were screened out by integrating DEGs and WGCNA analysis. …”
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Pirfenidone regulates seizures through the HMGB1/TLR4 axis to improve cognitive functions and modulate oxidative stress and neurotransmitters in PTZ-induced kindling in mice by Mansi Dahalia, Sparsh Gupta, Haya Majid, Divya Vohora, Nidhi

“…Histopathological changes were also assessed in the hippocampus and cortex of experimental mice.ResultsPirfenidone at 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg significantly increased Seizure Threshold Current in the Increasing Current Electroshock test, indicating a protective effect against seizures. …”
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Association of individual-based morphological brain network alterations with cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus by Die Shen, Xuan Huang, Ziyu Diao, Jiahe Wang, Kun Wang, Weiye Lu, Shijun Qiu, Shijun Qiu

“…It also identified overlapping and cognitively relevant key brain regions, primarily within the limbic/paralimbic network (especially the hippocampus and cingulate gyrus), which may serve as imaging markers for identifying cognitive deficits in T2DM. …”
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Effect and Mechanism of Catalpol on Behavior in Rats with Post-stroke Depression by WANG Xiangyu, ZHOU Xia, LIU Ju, LIU Fuhong, ZHANG Jiale, SUN Liping, LI Wanbin

“…TTC staining was used to detect cerebral infarction volume. The serum and hippocampus levels of 5-HT, NE, and BDNF were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsCompared with the model group, the number of crossing grid, the number of standing and the total distance moved were significantly increased on the 4th and 7th day after intervention in the open field test, and the differences were significant (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05). …”
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Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study on the Functional Connectivity of Amygdalar Subregions in Patients with Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain by CHEN Xiaolin, LIU Hong, GAO Zhen, WU Mengjiao, FAN Cheng, JIANG Zheng

“…Compared with the healthy control group, functional connectivity between the left CM amygdala and right inferior occipital gyrus, between the left SF amygdala and left anterior cingulate cortex, right calcarine fissure &amp; surrounding cortex and left thalamus in the CNLBP group significantly increased (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05), but functional connectivity between the left LB amygdala and right angular gyrus, between the right SF amygdala and right hippocampus significantly decreased (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05). …”
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The effects of acute exercise on emotional pattern separation in adolescents and young adults by Lise Jennen, Victor Mazereel, Davy Vancampfort, Zhiling Qiao, Kristof Vansteelandt, Patrick Dupont, Aleksandra Lecei, Ruud van Winkel

“…Acute exercise has been associated with cognitive improvements, particularly in memory processes linked to the hippocampus, such as the ability to discriminate between similar stimuli, called hippocampal pattern separation. …”
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Elevation of ganglioside degradation pathway drives GM2 and GM3 within amyloid plaques in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease by Wenxuan Wang, Sarah J. Myers, Nikita Ollen-Bittle, Shawn N. Whitehead

“…Significantly greater levels of simple gangliosides GM2 and GM3 were observed in the cortex and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in transgenic mice at 12 and 18 m than in age-matched controls. …”
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A comprehensive investigation of Clerodendrum Infortunatum Linn. using LC-QTOF-MS/MS metabolomics as a promising anti-alzheimer candidate by Fatma Atef, Mostafa A. Abdelkawy, Basma M. Eltanany, Laura Pont, Ahmed M. Fayez, Mohamed F. Abdelhameed, Fernando Benavente, Inas Y. Younis, Asmaa M. Otify

“…Additionally, acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity, as well as the levels of acetylcholine, dopamine, noradrenaline, glutathione, malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and amyloid-β in the rat hippocampus, were measured using ELISA, followed by histopathological evaluation. …”
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Effect of Electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shenting on Cognitive Function in Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion Injured Rats by Yongmei YOU, Yijing JIANG, Zhicheng LIN, Zengtu ZHAN, Jun WANG, Wei WEI, Shanli YANG

“…The polarization of microglial/macrophages in the hippocampus was observed by immunohistochemistry 1, 7 days after surgery in each group. …”
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