Using Russian Ruble in International Transactions by I. Z. Yarygina

“…The analysis of problems of development cooperation partners countries in the monetary sphere and shows that the main causes hindering greater use of domestic currencies are: hard currency regulation; a rare use of letters of credit and guarantees, which increases the financial risk operations; significant transaction costs; asymmetrical measures, currency regulation, burdening the mutual interests of the parties. …”
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Cycles of History: China, North Korea and the End of the Korean War by Sheila Miyoshi Jager

“…As Beijing and Moscow sharply cut their aid and shunned Pyongyang for better relations with Seoul, the North Korean economy went into precipitous decline.4 Russia's abandonment of the "friendship price" system and its demand for hard currency for exports was a major factor in the collapse of the North Korean economy and starvation on a massive scale.This article assesses the China-North Korean relationship from the outbreak of the Korean War to the present.…”
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